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NORTHAMPTONSHIRE
HISTORICAL COLLECTION

THIi K'-\V V\

./ «

Fbiii.IC Li:^..AKi :

Rev. T Arnold.

Rev. J. T. Brown.

./ "A

Rev. J. J. Cooper.

Miss Hearn. Rev. J. Hirst Hollowel

\^. F. G. Adnitt, J.P.

Mr. J. Jefferv, J.P.

• *'-.

^t0tottcal €olkttiom

relating to

FAMILY HISTORIES, PEDIGREES, BIOGRAPHIES,

TRACTS ON WITCHES, HISTORICAL ANTIQUITIES,

REPRINTS OF RARE AND UNIQUE TRACTS, &C., &C.

SECOND SERIES.

'nottbampton:

PRINTED BY J. TaYLOR & SoN, COLLEGE STREET.
1896.

TH'-' Nf;W 'I'DHK

PU'uLlC LIBRARY!

ASTOR. LTNOX AND
TILDCN FOU • DATI0N8.

THE BICENTENARY OF DODDRIDGE CHAPEL,
NORTHAMPTON.

OF THE

Sermons, Addresses, & Speeches

DELIVERED ON THE OCCASION OF THE

NORTHAMPTON,
SEPTEMBER 22nd, 23rd, 24th, 25th, and 26th, 1895.

Wii^ Portratto of ^z Cfiief Speakers.

SPECIALLY REVISED.

Northampton :
TAYLOR & SON, The Dryden Press, 9, College Street.

1895.

MERCURY OFFICE.

CAMPION, TYPO.,

NORTHAMPTON.

The interest shown in the special services and
meetings commemorating the Bi-centenary of Doddridge
Chapel, Northampton, warranted the republication of the
reports of the sermons and addresses in a more permanent
and portable form than the pages of a newspaper. I
have to thank the £ditor of the "Northampton Mercury"
and the "Northampton Daily Reporter" for the per-
mission to reproduce the reports appearing in those
journals. My thanks are due also to the various preachers
and speakers for their kind revision of the reports. The
portraits of the speakers have been reproduced from
photographs by Mr. Henry Cooper, The Drapery,
Northampton.

JOHN TAYLOR.

Northampton^ October ^ 1895.

DODDRIDGE CHAPEL,

NORTHAMPTON.

The celebration of the bi-centenary of Doddridge
Congregational Church commenced on Sunday, Sep-
tember 22nd, 1895, when the chapel was re-opened
after renovation. The s^pecial preacher for the day
was Rev. J. Hirst Hollowell, of Rochdale. The vejjti-
bule of the chapel had been prettily decorated villi a
number of pot plants by Mr. Joseph Jeffery, one of the
deacons, who had also placed a fine portrait of Doddridge
in a prominent position. Inside the church, too, a few
decorations had been oiade. A splendid oil portrait
of Doddridge, the property of the Church, was hung
over the back of the pulpit, which was decorated with
ferns and cut flowers. Special hymns were used, most
of them being compositions by Doddridge, but the
collection included part of a h)rmn by the Rev. T-
Shepard, M.A., who was pastor when the chapel waS
built, and a hynm by tho Rev. John Hunt, hi$
«ucoessoT. Large oon|^egatioiis were present at
both services, the chapel being almost uncomfortably
crowded in the evening, owing to the fact that at
Commercial-street and King-street Congregational
Chapels the evening service was relinquished in order
that an opportunity might be given to the congrega-
tions of those places to attend the special services at
the parent chapel of the denomination in the town.
The collections, which during the day amounted to
£2Jb 10s. Od., were in aid of the Bi- Centenary Fund,
which is to be devoted to the expenses of the renova-
tion, and of the fund which is being raised to cele-
brate the occasion by the building of two new
churches — one at St. James'-end and the other on the
King8thorpe-road. For this, j£8,500 is required.

SUNDAY MORNING.

There wa^ a crowded congregation at the morning
service, and as a voluntary the organist, Mr. W. Handel
Hall, played the Allegretto from "Lobgesang" (Men-
delssohn). The service was commenced with the sing-
ing of the "Gloria" from Mojsart's "Twelfth Mass"

by the choir, which, shghtly augmented for the special
services, was conducted bv Mr. H. L. Snedker. The
hymns used were all of Dr. Doddridge's composition,
and at the conclusion of the second lesson the Te
l3eum was sung. The sermon was based on Joshua
ir., 21: "What mean these stones?" After explaining
the circumstances under which the question was asked,
Mr. HoUowell said that the same question mi^ht be
put that day by the young people participatmg in
those bi-centenary celebrations. For two hundred
years that had been a house of prayer, and there never
would have been a house of prayer there at all but for
the principles of divine truth, and but for men who
grasped those principles with their reason and who
bowed down in their conscience to them. The spot
might have been the field which it was, might have
been overspread with cottages, might have been the site
of an hotel. There was nothing to be said against such
uses of a site ; but it had been the site of a Congrega-
tional Church for two hundred years. A Congrega-
tional Church, to-day two hundred years old, repre-
sented a new force that entered into Enghsh history.
Of course, he meant new as a breach with an order
of things that went before. He did not mean new as
a breach with the first Christian polity or the first
Christian truth. They declared they were in no breach
or schism with the originals of Christianity, the}[ had
separated from inventions and not from originals.
Parliaments used to sit in Northampton, and there
was a time when Parliaments were new. Bui liberty
had been a very old thing in English history and the
world" s history, and the love of uberty was in North-
ampton before organised Nonconformity was. The
people of Northampton had never taken very kindly to
religious intolerance; they never submitted to the
State regulation of their reUgious lives with that
meekness which had characterised some parts of the
country. Before 16^ there were some attempts at
Nonconformist worship within its bounds, and perse-
cution, when it came, was tempered by the love of the
people of the town for reUgious tolerance. Before the
Act of Uniformity ihad stung tJhousands of the most
learned and spiritually minded clergymen of the
Church of England with a sense of wrong and
.iumiliation ; before the Puritan preacher had stepped
from the pulpit of St. Giles for conscience salte,
leaving Ibis emoluments behind him ; while yet the
villagers of Naseby, and Sibbertoft, and Thedding-
worth, and Lubenham were speaking of the rout of
Charles and the pursuit of Cromwell as - things of
yesterday, there were small congregations gathering
in Northamptonshire, and doubtless some obscure as-
semblies for prayer in Northampton. That Church
began in a house, and there was many a parallel to
that Church in the house. When the Act of Uni-
formity was passed, there were gatherings of people
in barns as well as private houses in Northampton,
for they dare not build a house of prayer. It was
true that in 1672 there was a gleam of indulgence,
but it was not the dawn of liberty — it was a spurious
counterfeit, and not the real thing. Charles II., of
very mixed memory, was pleased to permit preachers
to apply to him for hcences to preacn in houses and
bams, and the occupantis <df the houses had to apply
for permission to hold the services in such houses and
barns. They had read how 3,400 applications for
hcences were made, and how, in the little village of

Brafield-on-the-Green, humble though it be, the leatt
among tftiio rillageis of the valley of the Nene, a
licence to preach in the house of one Stanley was
appUed for and obtained by no less a person than the
immortal John Bunyan. The man who a«ked for the
licence had since lUhen out&hone tihe king that granted
it. Then there was John Marleys, or John Massey's,
bam in Northampton. Who did not know of College-
lane, and its rise? A place dear to many of them for
its fellowship, for its pious zeal, for its care for the
young, for its love of the heathen land. Dear to
them, too, for its succession of noble preachers, of
whom, though the greater part of them had fallen
asleep, it was a joy to them to find one of the most
honoured and beloved remaining up to this day. And
that Church in which they were met drew its life
from the noiseless springs of domestic worship. There
were several houses licensed in the town, and by-and-
bye the worshippers met together and became a
stream iftiat had flowed oft m very noble volume
during the two centuries, and was flowing on still.
That CJhurch' was founded, opened, and consecrated
by no secular authority, or sacerdotal hierarchy, bub
it was opened by the faith of God's simple people,
outcast, as it were, from the State establishment ; it
was consecrated by the sanctities of the Divine pres-
ence, and set upon the one foundation against A'hich
nothing could prevail, the foundation of Jesus Christ
himself. What meant those stones? They meant the
triumph of religious liberty in England, they meant
public acknowledgment of the wrong and the
foUjr of the persecution of religious opinion. The or-
ganised states of the world had enough to do to keep
their own hands clean, without trying to regulate the
Church of Christ. He was glad that the bi-centenary
was to be made fruitful in a movement of Church
extension in the town, for it was high time that with
the growth of the population their ancestral Noncon-
formitjr grew in the same proportion. Philip Doddridge
committed the fearful offence of preaching in a barn
at Kingsthorpe, for which he was quickly taken to task
by the enlightened curate of that day, who informed
him and the public that he was solely responsible for
the spiritual condition of the parishioners. They ^new
how the rector directed the churchwardens of North-
ampton : " That as there was some fellow in the
parish who taught a Grammar School they were to
prevent (that is prosec^ite) the teacher unless he hold
a proper licence from the Bishop." The terms of the
citation had been made pubUc by the local Press (the
"Northampton Daily Reporter"), which had done
great service to the appreciation of Nonconfor-
mist history bv the publication of the citation. As
' they read the hateful verbiage, they almost felt that
the ecclesiastical handcuffs were upon their own wrists
«s they were upon the wrists of the nation at the
time. To-day they remembered that Doddridge re-
fused to apply for a licence. He had God's licence,
and would have no other. It was true the mob stoned
his house, but none of those things moved him. What
he did, he did not for Philip Doddridge, but for
Northampton, for England, for the children of the
later days. It was no mean period they were re-
viewing. The Church had lived through eight reigns,
and while the members of it had been loyal to the
successive sovereigns, they had been loyal above all
to the King of Kings. Think of the good influences

■which had gone forth from that Church in noble'
character, the children that had been trained, the
liberality that had been called forth, the teaching of
truth and duty from week to week, the brotherly love
cherished between families and inddviduals, the souls
that had been saved from death, the blessing the
Church had been to the town, the help it had given
to collegiate education, the help it had extended, like
the sister Church in College- street, to the villages of
the county, and the light it had sent to far off lands.
That was the meaning of these stones. Had they not
been raised a long succession of work and workers
would have been impossible. They thoug'ht that day
of the first pas'tor, who was in his office 22 years be-
fore the building of the sanctuary; of the men who
aucceedsed him ere Doddridge became its pastor; and
how in later years there came to it one who was pastor
for 22 years, and had been there in resddence for some-
thing like in all 35 years. He (Mr. HoUowell) spoke
of him (Mr. Arnold) from personal knowledge — a
man who, in the pulpit, in citizenship, in pastoral
office, in scholarship, as a lover and helper of young
men, and, above all, as honoured and loved for his
ministry to them that could scarcfely speak back to
him their gratiitude, though he sometimes taught them
to do it; had a^Lways been a social and spirdtual
force in the town. How he ministered to the deaf
mutes, and with what tenderness and success, not only
Northampton but England knew. Nor must mention
be omitted of John Oaites and his four years' labour,
or the present pastor, so devoted to the interests and
traditions of that sacred spot. But those were not all
the ministers they had had. It was the bi-centenary
of the Church, and not the bi-centenary of the pulpit.
Where would the ministers have been but for the
people who called and sustained the minister? Drop
those factors out of the two centuries, and they might
as well drop out the ministers, who, but for them,
would certainly be left as voices crying in the wilder-
ness with none to hear 'them. — Wliilst tlie collection
was being taken, Mr. Hall played Andante in A, No.
3 (Batiste), and as the congregation left the churdh
the "Inauguration March" (Scotson Clarke).

SUNDAY EVENING.

In the evening the chapel was crowded, every avail-
able nook and corner being filled, and seats placed in
the aisles. Many went away unable to find room. Prior
to 'tihe commencement of the service, Mr. Hall played
the overture to " Saul " (Han-del), and the choir sang
"Thine, Lord, is the greatness" (Kent). Mr. Hollo-
well took as his text the second Epistle of St. Peter,
chapter 1, verse 15, "Moreover, I will endeavour after
my decease that ye may be able to have these things
always in I'emembrance " ; anti in, his sermon
dealt with the character, work, and genius of Dod-
dridge. The bi-centenary, he said, carried them into
the presence of one of those potent personalities whose
decease had not interrupted their moral and spiritual
influence. "He being dead yet speaketh," and his
voice could never be silenced w<hile character, and
truth, and spirituality were valued upon earth. Philip
Doddridge wrote and spoke and lived not simply for
the present hour, but for the England that was to

be and the interests of the Christian Church in iuc-
ceeding tune«. He waii able, after his decease, to
leave many preirious things in their remembrance.
Phihp Dodtiridge was suoli a force in their hearts that
they commanded them not to forget him. The place
in which they were met breathed wttn remmiscences
of hi:) Christianity and life. The house, the vestry,
the furniture, the very name given to some of the
adjacent streets all made men think of him. They
were often told that Nonconformity had done nothing
for education, but Doddridge was trying to clothe
and educate poor children m NortJiauipton 70 years
before there was ever a Britisii and Foreign School
Society or a National Society. He did his best with
•the materials and instruments a<t his command. Dod-
dridge was fitted by his antecedents to appreciate
liberty of conscience and contend for it. His father's
father was one of the ejected two thousand, those
glorious men of piety and learning the Church of
England would not allow to remain within her borders,
and on his mother's side he was also brought into
sympathy with that great question, for his mother's
father was a persecuted man. Doddridge was not the
hero of a three volume novel, but of real life. He
hesitated about coming to Northampton, and it was
a little child that decided him. Sometimes Dod-
dridge was criticised a« an example of whet was called
"outside work." People said that he did too much
work outside his church and pulpit. Doddridge did
not think it wa« outside, or that he had gone outside
the province of pastoral duty and his ministerial
calling. When he promoted the County Infirmary of
Northamptonshire, he did not believe he was outside.
When he opened a school for teaching and clot'hing
the poor children, he did not believe he was outside
his ministerial duties. That school, and other schools
like it in various parts of the country, influenced the
mind of Robert Baikes 1© devise that wonderful
construction tlhe Sunday-school system. In the
collegiate work he did in Sheep-street, as well
as in tihe time when he was elsewhere, he
certairilv was not outside his proper spihere.
Doddridge served God wiith all ihis mind and (his
sense of justice. He was not atone his people's
pastor and his church's faithful shepherd, he waa the
apostle of culture, charity, and liberty. Hi» care
for his flock was never surpassed by any minister of
any church, and his strong convictions were joined
with great sweetness of spirit. He prided himself
upon the unity between himself and the other minis-
ters of Nort'hampton. He (Mr. HoUowell) believed
there was still in Norliiampton the same sweet odour
of Christian brotherhood and unity. Doddridge was
criticised by some people for having Whitfield in that
pulpit and countenancing Methodism, but to-day
Methodism was the lal^gest Protestant com-
munity in the world. He was a prophet, and
more than a propQiet. He wa» the pioneer
of foreign missions: Fifty years before any
mis»iofiaTy society was founded. Baptist or In-
dependent, he projected missions to the heathen, and
raised funds in that church with that view. He was
a great scholar of his day, and few ministers of any
church in our day were so wise, so versatile, so
laborious, so gifted, as was Doddridge; but he put
■his scholarship in tho rigbt place. No man had a
more loving and tender heart tban Doddridge, wha

could not have written the hymns he did had he not
possessed t-he oharity which hopetli all things, believebh
all things, endureth all things, and never faileth. In
" The Rise and Progress of ReUgion in the Soul," Dod-
dridge wrote whatt was sadd to be the best book of
the eighteenth century. In his hymns, Doddridge
endeavoured so that they should have those things
always in remembrance after his decease Watts
created Englis.h hymnology, and they all knew the
transscendant powers of Wesley as a hymn-writer. They
had also to thank Doddridge for 4-00 Ixynmis, amongst
them soime of the choicest in the Englialh language.
Mr. HoUowell quoted from the most famous of these,
and concluded by appealing to the young to make tihe
bi-centenary a time of redigiou'S decision. — While
the collection was being taken, Mr. Hall played "The
Better Land " (Cowen), and afterwards the choir sang
" The Hallelujah Chorus." As the congregation left
the Church Mr. Hall gave "The Church Festival
M«roh" (Stafford Trego).

MONDAY'S GREAT MEETING.

On Monday evening the most important of the
series of meetings was held. It was prefaced by a
tea in the Doddridge Schoolrooons, beautifully decora-
ted for the occasion, the admirably served repast
being attended by between 400 and 500 persons.
Those who were kind enough to give trays com-
prised: Mrs. Cooper, Mrs. P. Perry, Mrs. J. Jeffery,
Mrs. Facer, Mrs. Trenery, Mrs. Wilson, Mrs. Mc-
Crindle, Mrs. Robinson, Mri. G. Higgins, Mrs.
Latimer, Mrs. Pressland, Mrs. G. Jeffery, Mrs. H.
Marshall, Mrs. J. Higgins, Mrs. W. Marshall, Mrs.
Jones, Mrs. Mayger, Mrs. H. Cooper, Mrs. T. D.
Taylor, Miss Jackson, Miss Evans, Mrs. Harrison,
Mrs. Gross, Mrs. White, Mrs. E. Tye, Mrs. Pettitt,
Mrs. Parker, Mrs. Chapman,. Mrs. Fox, Mrs. A.
Marlow, Mrs. Kightley, Mrs. W. Chapman, Mrs.
Pitts, Mrs. Forsyth, Mrs. NichoUs, Mrs. Parsons, Mrs.
Lister, Mrs. Adams, Mrs. Barringer, Mrs Ellard,
Mrs. Ireland, Mrs. Green, Mrs. Adams, Mrs. Flint,
Mrs. Flack, Mrs. MiUs, Mrs. Howe, Mrs. Tysoe, Miss
Tysoe, Mrs. Elliott, Mrs. W'estbury, Mrs. F. Trenery,
Mrs. Ward, Mrs. Timson, Mrs. S. Wilson, Mrs. Lack,
Miss Cooke, Mrs. Ardher, Miss Taylor, Mrs. Good-
man, Mrs. E. Trenery, Mr. Bass, Mr. Hanson, Mr.
Adams, Mrs. Simms, Mrs. Fitness, Mrs. MarloW,
Mrs. W. Pitts, Mrs. Still, Mrs. Webb, Mrs. Ward,
Mrs. Church, Mrs. York, Mrs. Smith, sen., Mrs.
Smith, jun., Mrs. Wills, Mrs. "Wilson, Mrs. Cotton,
Miss Hanson, Mr. Williamson, Mr. Durrant, Mrs.
Clarke, Mts. Hardwick, Mrs. Swallow, Mrs. Kennard,
Mrs. J. P. Robinson, Mrs. Edwards, Mrs. Leach,
Mrs. T. Lewis, Mrs. E. Lewis, Mrs. Whitford, Mrs.
Charles Chapman, Mrs. Tye, Mrs. J. Harrison, Mrs.
Thompson, Miss Penn, Mrs. John Pettitt, Mrs. Skemp-
ton, and Mrs. Tiplestone.

The public meeting was announced to commence
at half-past six o'clock, but long before that time
the chapel was full, and when it did commence — a
little after the advertised time — it was crowded. The
special hymns were again used, but this time the
selections were entirely those of the composition of
Dr. Doddridge, and were sung to the good old tunes

of long years ago. Specially bound copies of the
hynms used at all tlie services were presented by the
Church Treasurer (Mr. J. Jeffery) to all the speakers
at this meeting, and to the deacons of the Church.
The chair was occupied by Mr. F. G. Adnitt,
J. P., who wag supported on the platform by
thft Rev. Dr. Pentecost (Marylebone, London),
Rev. J. T. Brown, Rev. Thomas Arnold, Rev. J.
J. Cooper, Rev. J. Hirst HoUowell (Rochdale), Rev.
W. E. Coupland (Chairman of the County Congrega-
tional Association, Yardley Hastings), Rev. W. E.
Morris (Market Harborough), Rev. A. C. Gill, Rev.
H. J. L. Matson, Rev. T. C. Manton, Rev. C. S. Lark-
man, Rev. A. Morgan, Rev. H. Bradford, Rev. Sped-
ding Hall (Creaton), Rev. T. Edwards (Kilsby), Mr.
T. G. Grundy (Bristol), Mr. J. H. Qarke (Market
Harborough), Mr. J. Jeffery, Mr. G. Higgins, Mr.
W. R. D. Adkins, and Mr. H. Wilson. Amongst the
audience were also the Rev. G. Parkin, M.A., B.D.,
Rev. G. W. Robert, Rev. T. IsHp, Rev. H. Wyatt.
etc., etc.

A hymn having been sung, and prayer offered by
the Rev J. J. Cooper, the Chairman thanked the
minister, deacons, and members of the Church for
the very great honour they had conferred upon him
in asking^ him to preside at that great gathering.
In his sermon the previous day the preacher (Rev.
J. Hirst Hollowell) referred to some of the great
names that were associated with the history of
Doddridge Chapel, and the speaker had also thought
of men much nearer our time, men like Pickering
Perry, Jonathan Robinson, William Walker, William
Adkins, William Bunting of King- street, and others.
None knew the gap that was caused when they were
called away so well as those who had to step into
the breach and take up the work they loved. They
felt tihati tJieir lives and their work were still with
them ; their aims, principles, and ideals were still
ennobling the lives of those who were left behind,
and giving them the courage to go on with the
work they so well carried on in the Free Churches
of Northampton. (Applause.) They had before them
the proof tlwit men of like spirit, aib all events at Dod-
dridge, were not wanting to-day. He did not believe
Doddridge ever had so good a sitaff of workers as
at the present time. (Applause.) Having paid a
tribute to the zeal and energy which Mr. Joseph
Jeffery (applause) had put into the work for the
celebration of the bi-centenary, the Chairman con-
cluded by announcing that letters of apology for
non-attendance had been received' from Sir plhilip
Manfield, the Rev. T. Grasquoine (Bedford), Rev. H.
C. Bassett (Gold- street), Rev. T. Ruston (Long
Buckby), Rev. W. L. Lee (Kettering). Mr. N. P.
Sharman, J. P., and Mr. W. Brown, J. P. (Weiling-
borough), Mr. W. 0. Blott, Mr. J. Eady (Creaton).,
Mr. J. Wilson (Nortihampton), Mr. 9. A. Jeffery
(London), Mr. E. F. Law i'Nortftiampton), and Mr. J.
R. Wilkinson, O.C, J.P.

Mr. John Perry, the Secreitary of the Bi-Oeoitenary
. Committee, next presented his report. It stated that
being keenly alive to the pressing need of more Con-
gregational Chapels in this town (with its rapidly
increasing population), and being in earnest sympathy
with the Congregational Church Extension Society,
founded by its energetic president, Mr. F. G.

Adnitt, one of tihe firsb desires of the oom-
xnittee waa to take edvanitage of their bi-
centenary to further so excellent an object. Oon-
fiequently the two firist items which they placed
on their bi-centenary programme were for the erec-
tion of two chapels, one at St. James'-end and the
other at Eingsthorpe-road. It was also thought
most fitting that at the bi-centenary of their old
sanctuary, (hallowed to them by the memories of
Dr. Doddridge and many other excellent and devoted
Christian men, they should put the old meeting house
in thorough repair, and so renovate and adorn it
as became a lasting monument of two centuries of
earnest Christian work. The first scheme tihey had
undertaken was the erection of a new Doddridge
Memorial Chapel at St. James^-end. In this district
the population had 'largely, and «till i« rapidly,
increasing. For over 30 years a branch school and
preaching station in connection with this Church had
been established, and good work <had been done.
Although three enlargements had taken place, the
accommodation was still painfully insufficient for the
requirements of the district. The cause was self-
supporting, and the pastor, the Rev. T. Neale, had
for some time earnestly and successfully laboured
amongst the people there. The urgency of the re-
quirement was suoh that they had already 'approved
plans and specifications, and instructed the archi-
tects to obtain tenders for the work. The site for
the new chapel had been secured, and it was hoped
shortly to commence building. The second scheme
was the erection of a new dhapel a»nd schools at
Primrose- hill. In this district, as at St. James*-
end, there was a rapidly increasing population spring-
ing up, and the need for a good sized Congregational
Chapel would soon be keenly felt. Here also there
was a school and chapel, also used as a preaching
station, a branch of Doddridge. Through the co-
operation of the Northampton Congregational Church
Extension Society, a site Ihad been secured, and plans
of a new chapel and schools been approved bv the
society, and they were hoping that their bi-centenary
would be so successful that they might help them
to such an extent that they might feel justified in
a short time to commence building. Their third
scheme, for the alteration, ventilating, heating, and
improvement of Doddridge Chapel, was urgently
necessary, and a fitting one in celebrating its bi-
centenary. That they had already accomplished. Of
course, for all this work a large sum of money was
needed, and they had felt justified on this occasion
for the first time in the history of their Church, in
appealing to the great religious public outside our
own town and county. Much had already been done,
a great deal was still being done, and far more re-
mained to be accomplished, but by the grace of God,
which had never failed those who had worked in
this old carase, they had faith that a few years would
see their present desires realised, and Congregational-
ism placed in a more adequate position in the town,
to carrv on the work of Christ in their midst. (Ap-
plause.)

Rev. Tihos. Arnold, who received an en't/husiastic
greeting, said that to see around them once more
their old friends rejoicing with them, sjrmpathising
with them, and magnifying the Grrace and mercy of
Grod vouchsafed to them as a Church, was exceed-

in^l^ gratifying. He wished to tender to the
ministers, deacons, and members of their churches
their heartfelt thanks for their presence there that
eyening, and for the manner in which on the previous
evening they 'had closed two of their chapels m order
that their congregations could go to Doddridge. (Ap-
plause.) He thought they were coming closer to-
gether and were feeling that their work was one,
although it might be carried on by different assem-
blies. Thirty-five years had associated him with that
place, eventful to the church, eventful to the nation,
to the town, and to the neighbourhood. His memory
ran back to the most prominent events, and he could
gather up the principal parts of the history. Should
they not unite hearts and souls that evening in magni-
fying the Loni their Saviour, not only ttiat His Church
kved and has presence was manifest in her, but that
He was prospering her in the ways of righteousness.
He thought one of the most promment things and the
thing most to be admired atnd sought after was the
increase of the love of one another as Christian men and
wonven. He believed the day would come when they
were resolved to be separated no more by name or by
distinction, but being one in heart and one in unity
of the Spirit, to be on« in all they could do for the
glory of God. From whait he had seen of life he had
long since oome to the conclusion that the great work
of the Ohurch of their Lord Jesus Christ was best done
when 8h« did it noit only in love to Him- but with
love to one another. One thing he did wish to say
that evening, and that was to urge them not to think
too much of the men of byeono days, or of the labours
of one church or another. Two hundred and thirty-two
years had gone by since first their people drew toiirether
after that terrible Act of Expulsion, the Act of Unifor-
mitv; but wa« that the beginning, did that include
all the history of that Ohurch? God forbid that it
should be the creature of to-day and not the creature
of 1,900 years ago, founded only by the Lord Je^ns
Ohrist. (Applause.) Their church as one of the
hundreds and thousands, was onlv one of die streams
that rolled by the great Reformation in this country,
originated as a Reformation by John Wycliffe. He wbs
tihe first great English reformer; study ihis life, study
his writings, and study his work, and we should find
that he anticipated in doctrine and action very much
of wihat we thought we were advanced in these
days. (Applause.) The life of the early reformer was
not burnt out by the fire or smitten out by the sword.
'What did the persecnt'ions of the Ohurch result in?
It taught the Church her own strength. She leaned '
upon the ministry before that time ; she thought that
only ordained men were justified in administering
the sacrament-s ; but -^he found out that she had
in herself all the elements of her continuity and
of her growth. God taugtit her that it did not depend
upon college education, or upon the hands of a pres-
byter or a bishop to qualify a man for tJie ministry,
but that it depended upon the gifts of the Holy Spirit,
of self -consecration, and the knowledge how to put the
Gospel belfore the bpethren. (Applause.) Wesley
thougKt his church would never grow if separated from
the Establishment. God taught him otherwise when he
sent out preachers all over the land. The church
learned to be self-supporting, for she could not look to
the State or any other outward means of support.

(Applause.) Her own members, her own Iot-
mg gifts to her ministers end her teachers
would suffice and <jod would 'ble»s her. So
thAt that day they did not celebrate merely the
i^story <k Doddridge Ohurch; they were celebrating
the hi»tory of the Protestant Churoh up to the present
stage of the Reformation, and be asked lihem at such a
stage whether the;ir ought not to brace themselves up
and become as their fathers we're, the refonners of the
age, and help on the great Belormation of the future,
t*he spiritual Beformation — ^the growing up in CSirist
Jesus ; and the last thing of all was the consecration of
themselves, bodies, souls, and apdnts, to God tbeir
Saviour. He rejoiced in the great advance they had
made, and he trusted that the meeting that evening
would be a fresh impulse in the right direction. (Loud
applause.)

The Bev. Dr. Pentecost delivered a stirring ad-
dress of an hour's duration. He thought, as in
the days of Dr. Doddridge, that there were a good
many Beformaibions need^ in the Ohuroih of Ohrist
to-day. They were renovating, and, he believed, about
to add 'Some extensions to their present historical
edifice, and tihey were gathering money to build two
other places of worship and work, for there was as
much worship in work as there was in songs end
prayers. (Applause.) He thought that about two-
tihirds of the professing Christian world of to-day
were, as the^ imagined, going to heaven because of
some faith m the statements of Chrisitian doctrine,
and they were managing it wilAiourt doing any service
on 'the way. The reformation tihey needed in Eng-
land was from idleness to activity. (Hear, hear.)
Whait tihey wanted was reformation back to the old
pramiitive conception of di-sciple^hip, to work together
and always to work with enthusiasm. They did not
want the patronage of the State ; they could get akmg
better witmout it than wiith it (loud annlause) — it was
the greatest handicap the Church of England had to
contend witih. (Renewed applause).

Mr. Perry Robinson, the treasurer to the Bi-
centenary Fund^ then read his report. He said that
for the renovation of tihe ohapel and the erection of
a new one at St. Jauies'-end, with new Infant Sc^bool-
rooms, the sum of about j£3,000 would be required.
Towards that amount they had received promises
totalling ito just over j^l,000 (applause), and of this,
/180 ^d been given by friends in St. James'-end.
(Benewed applause.) Other agencies were being em-
ployed, and by the end of the year they hoped the
amount would be considerably increased. The pro-
mised donations varied from 6d. to j^50. Concluding,
Mr. Bobinson made an earnest appeal for funds to
enable the committee to carry out their scheme.

Bev. W. E. Coupland (tte Chairman of fhe County
Association) said that if the bi-cen«te-Tiary stirred th<!m
up to greater diligence in the Lord's work, it would
not have been celebrated in vain. He had looked into
"the record of ministers who Ihad laboured there and
passed away, and he found that prior to the settle-
meat of Mr. Arnold, sixteen, with assistance, had
worked with more or less success in that place. (Ap-
plause.) He urged them, however humble their lot
migbt be« to use their influence towards the further-
ance of Christ's kingdom. (Applause).

B«T. J. Hirsfc Hollowell, 'wbo "was eocorded a cordial
reception, »aid that was a greafc occa«ion for their
jODog people. It seemed to take them back to tiie
riyer-head ; they got to the top of the momitain«, they
felt the mountain air, and they saw the springs in
which their liberties and strength had had their rise.
Strike out the Nonconformist Churches of the last
250 years, and they had to strike out perhaps tbe
most splendid pages from Enghsh history. (Applause.)
There were two or three persons he would like to see
there that erening who were not there. It would
give a crowning oompleitenes« to the meeting if they
could i)ut one or two persons in the box who were
not ayailable now and could not put in an appearance..
He would like to «ee there George Beynolds, Doctor
of Laws, etc., etc., the man who took Philip Dod-
dridge into 'the Consistory Court; also Thomas Band
and Benjamin Chapman, the churchwardens who
brougiht it about. (Applause and laughter.)
Doddridge beat them off; they were forced
to tolerate the preacher, but they did not
want to tolerate the «choolmaster ; but he
forced them to tolerate him, both as preacher and as
schoolmaster. (Applause.) The State Church of to-
day was something like that; it would more easily
forgive them preaching than it would teaching. (Hear,
hear.) The eyes of the English people had been opened
to a good many things, and he hoped they would soon
be opened with regard to elementary education. (Ap-
plause.) At this moment, out of 20,000 day-schools
subsidised by the State in England, there were 14,000
in which no Nonconformist could be a schoolmaster
or a schoolmijstress. Doddridge vindicated his right
to be a schoolmaster, but we had 14,000 schools in
England where the successors of Doddridge could not
be schoolmasters or 8ohioolmi»tre»se«. (" Shame ! ')
These schools, moreover, got three millions and a
half out oi the taxes, and next session they were
going to ask for milUons more, but thev were going
to resist that. (Loud applause. S Proposals were made
in 1870 worse than the proposals that would be made
in 1896. In 1870 there was only a handful of men to
stand up against them, but that handful of men
proved stronger than both the Government and the
Opposition, and he ventured to say that if the Non-
conformists were in a minority in the House of Com-
mons, they would be a minority that would write
their names on the scroll of fame. (Applause.) They
loved many of the Episcopalians, but they were not
going to see the liberties of England put under
the heel of Episcoi)acy. (Hear, hear.) If Noncon-
formity was to be in the future the power that God
wished it to be, there must be nothing oi the false
shame about them. They must be proud to be Non-
conformists, and make no apology for it. They bad
had ministers in Northampton of whom not only the
town, but Christendom, had been proud. There never
had been a town where Indepenaents, Baptists, and
otiher denominations had flowed together in the full
volmne of Christian sympathy better than here. (Ap-
plause.) They must have more of the Protestant
keform-ation, more of the mind and principles of
WycHff, brought into English reUgion and English
institutions. (Applause.^ It was said tihat Dissent
was decaying. It had been decaying ever since the
Apogtle Paul, and it was more alive than ever it was.

16"

(Applaase.) The last thin^ «ent out by Dissent in lis
cAcadence was the Salvation Arm^, and ii anybody
thou$:ht that was not a lively religious institution, let
them live for a fortnigfht near where their brass land
was perfonning. (Laughter.) Let them believe in
God, in the simple truth of the Bible, and let them
believe in themselves. They had had «ome knockdown
'blows, but they were not ^oing to give in yet — 'thoy
were never going to give m. (Applause.) They be-
lieved the future of Nonconformity would be more
splendid than its most heroic pas-t. (Loud applause.)

The Bev. J. T. Brown said that he was not so emptied
of all sense at that hour and in such an atmosphere to
make a speech. Still, there were two reasons in ex-
pressing with them in their glory of the pa«t and desire
for the future why it would not'be out of place for Mm
to say a few words. One was that from the e^irHest
date down to the present time there had been a close
and unbroken friendly connection between Gasttle Hill
as it wu» named at first and College-street (applause),
and that for a few yeai-s he had been a minister in the
latter place. The other reason was that in regard to
an acqoa'intance with this place and personal recollection
of no small porfcioTi of their history, he far outshone
all persons then present. In feet, he found that he
wa« clothed with a kind of partriarchal dignity — ^a vener-
able elder ccme down from a bye-gone generation into
the society of the later born. As to the ministers com-
pared in this respect Avith himself, they were nowhere.
There was only an elect few now living who could k^ep
pace with him as he Avent back in distinct memory to
the chapel and the people as they w^re in that distant
time. The meeting would believe him when he said that
he was not present at the opendng of the chapel 200
years ago, and that tc the best of his remembrance he
had not shaken hands with nor seen the first minister.
(Laughter.) But would he carry their faith with him
when he further said that within three or four years
he had been connected more or less with that chapel
and people a third of thosei two centuries. This sound*
dtrange, but, like many strange things, lit is true.
It is now just about> 62 years ago that he preached
there. (Applause.) It was early in his teens, and
when he was in ^that happy state of self-confidence and
supposed infallibility, natural to youth, which it takes
years upon years, even down to old age, fully to grow
out of. (Laughter.) But so it was, and as to how he
preached he could not, if hei would, describe, nor could
he call in evidence those who heard, for all who were
of an age to appreciate the mature wisdom, and eloquence
of the sermon (laughter) had gone " down into silence."
Five of the later pastors he ^d known, and with four
of them had lived and worked in nnitv of spirit and the
cordiality of brotherly regar^. (Applause.) Had there
been time he should have spoken some word about dear,
good Mr. Bennett and of his friendship with Mr. Arnold,
which had been cemented by lengthened intercourse
and remaired unbroken to this day : and also referred
to those who had since filled his vacated place. That
evening he had been hving in the days of •* Auld Lang
Svne," and among those so well-known and dear to
ham, who in quietness are now with " them that sle^."
On such an occasion the old days spoke, the dead rose
end visited us, especially some friends sacred and dear
to one*s h(art, with whom one had taken sweet counsel

and walked to ibe house of Godi in company, were
brought into fresh recognition— they were, but are with
us no longer. " Your fathers, whene are they ?" "They
are gone to the world of light"— just a few of us ai-e
left lingering here ; but soon, it is yet a little while,
to follow them into that dlimness and silence
into whic^h they have gone before. But amid the
changes and perishings uiere are some things that
remamK- 4>he cnurch hvee ; the work taken \ip by oth«»r
hands goes on ; children' rise in place of their fathers ;
and right ^lad was he to have heard the Toice of two
such on this platform that night ; and above all Christ,
the fountain of life, the maker and inspirer of men,
abides the same to-day as in the yesterday cf our
fathers. His mercy is everlasting and Hi« truth en-
dureth to all generations. And with all kind feelinga
to them as a church and to their minister his prayer was
that He who can make good what He says may say:
"Ye shall see greater things than these." (Applause.)

Mr. J. H. Clark, Market Harborougli, the President-
elect of the County Congregational Association, read
a resolution which wa.s pass^ at the Sunday morning
service of the Market Harborough (^rch. At the
close of the morning service the previous day the con-
gregation, he said<i signified, by standing up in their
places, their desire that the following message of con-
gratulat^Ion should be conveyed to the friends at
Doddridge Oiapel, Northampton:

"We send hearty greeting-s on the occasion of the
celebration of your bi-centenary, remembering how
close are the bonds which unite the two churches.
We thank God for His blessing on your works of
faith and labours of love in the past. We rejoice in
your prosperity to-day; and we earnestly implore
that God's richer benediction may rest upon you in
the coming years."

Mr. T. G. Grundy moved a vote of thanks to the
Chairman for presiding, and to the speakers for their
attendance, remarking that 70 years ago he sal in the
gallery opposite and listened to the sermons of the
Bev. John Horsey. (Loud applause.)

Mr. Joseph JefiEery seconded, and the motion was
unanimously carried.

Mr. Admtt replied, and the proceedings, after last-
ing over three hours, came to a conclusion with J he
singing of the Doxolog}'.

TUESDAY'S SEEMON.

The Rev. J. Ossian Davies, of Bournemouth,
preached a special sermon on Tuesday evening.
There was a very large congregation, the body
of the chapel being filled to its utmost capacity,
whilst the gallery was also occupied by a goodly
number of visitors. There were on the plat-
form beside Mr. Joseph Jeffery, who gave out the
hjrmns, the Rev. J. J. Cooper, Rev. A. C. Gill, Rev.
H. J. L. Matson, Rev. P. H. Smith, Rev. E. R. Gib-
bens, Rev. H. Bradford, and the Rev. A. Morgan. The
lesson, read by Mr. Davies, was taken from I. Kings,
xviii., and the text from Matthew xiii., 52: "Then

•aid He unto them, therefore every Scribe which is
instrncted unto the kingdom of heaven is Hke unto
a man that is an householder, which bringeth forth
out of his treasure things new and old.'' Of all the
Christian centuries, remarked the preacher, the nine-
teenth was perhaps the most inquisitive. Old theories
were re-construeted, old science was ipe-dlefined and
re-written, old history was rectified and re-arranged,
and religion itself was put into the crucible and
carefully tested. Years ago, it was the custom to
burn the men rather than the opinions, but now
they were wise enough to burn the opinions and save
the men, which was a decided step in advance. This
spirit had been born at the Reformation, and they,
Ptotestants and Nonconformists, should be the
very last to anathematise it, especially when it
was accompanied by the spirit of reverence.
Not because there mi^ht not be a danger of
becoming too latitudinanan, for if thej carried the
penduhim to one extreme, it would avenge itself by
swinging back to the opposite extreme. Their safety lay
not in reckless extremes, but somewhere between them.
Re-statements of doctrines there must be, of course,
because words and phrases so frequently changed in
value and meaning. In changing the form, however,
they must not sacriUce the essence; hatred of dogma
must not lead to hatred of truth. They must not de-
generate into a generation of cynics. Their best defini-
tions were but approximations, and they must value
them accordingly. It was a great mistake on the
part of the dogmatist to oppose a progressive theology.
Nothing was yet perfect in this imperfect world; they
had not y«»t heard the ideal music, they had not yet
read the ideal poem, they had not yet delivered the
ideal sermon, and it was not deHvered there that
evening, and they had not yet framed the ideal
cteed. Truth was everlastingly the same, but their
cpnceptions of it must ever change. To break away
from the past, as if it were entirely worthless, was
vandahsm of the most dangerous type. The old sup-
ported apd protected the new, and the new augmen-
ted and beautified the old. In the growth of their
creeds the old and the new must go together, and
they must gladly recognise this bond of continuity.
Truth was older than all creeds, just as eloquence
was older than grammar. They believed that there
was a firm natural basis for some of their great
spiritual doctrines, and if this was clearly established,
they would then be able to look upon these precious
doctrines not as the concoctions of clever ecclesiastics,
but as sacred arks, freighted with Divine realities.
They had first to study in this light the
great doctrine of the Trinity. They could not
solve this mighty problem, but the question for
them to consider was whether there was any truth
at the heart of the imperfect definitions given by
the old theologians. Were they to cast away the
Divine kernel with the coarse human husks that had
grown around it? Heaven forbid. Was it too much
to say that nature pointed to unity in variety. Thev
met on every side with beautiful tri-unities. It
was to him a striking fact that in the deepest think-
ings of the human mind all through the ages there
were great suggestions of a tri-unity. It was well
to study the doctrine of " sin " in the same light. He
frankly acknowledged that this doctrine had been

most imperfectly defined and repulsively preached by
many, but was there not some truth at the heart of
it? There was no denying the fact that man had
received a wrong twist somewhere: he found it
easier to fall than to rise. Without doubt
there existed a great law of heredity by which moral
as well as physical qualities were transmitted tram
parent to child. The foundation of one generation was
laid in an aiytecedent generation. Th«y mit^ht deny
original sin and strike it out of their creeds,
but they must face the stern fact of the law
of heredity, which was only a new name, a
scientific name, for an ancient doctrine. If they
rejected the doctrine of sin they must also reject
the doctrine of heredity, for they stood or fell together.
The doctrine of '^Regeneration'' could be considered
in the samie'light. Of course the materialist was obliged
to assume that life, under favourskble conditions, could
emerge out of lifeless matter, but the thing had neyer
been proved. It had been conclusively shown that dead
matter placed in germless air could never yield life,
so that the beautiful bubble of <' spontaneous generation''
was at once exploded. Life must proceed from
antecedent life. It was not veneering or electro-
plating that was wanted, but revitalisation. One
certain way of robbing the body of its rights
was to rob the soul of its rights. They might improve
a man's surroundings if they liked, but mere
surroundings could not make men. They expected a
great deal from legislation in these days, mit what
the law of England could not do, in that it was weak
through the flesh, was the regeneration of man. Man
could no more regenerate himself than he could create
himself. The new man was the offspring of God, bom
from above. Something was introduc^ into human
life which the human heart of itself was not competent
to produce. The doctrine of regeneration, therefore,
had a basis of fact in realms other than spiritual,
and if their definitions were poor and imperfect they
must not recklessly cast away the wheat with the chaff.
It was always wise to djiscriminate. Consign the human
husks to the crematorium as eoon as they liked, but for
truth's sake preserve tbe Divine kernel. Then again,
they could study the doctrine of the "Atonement" in this
light. He frankly confessed once more that some of
the theories of the Atonement had been so miserably
expressed that many had rejected the whole doctrine
as a travesty of love.' But the cond<emnatorv verdict
must not be pronounced too off-Uandedly, for the Cross
was a far greater mystery to him without the atonement
than with it. The question for them was, was there not
a great truth at the core of these imperfect
definitions P Had nature and history any liffht to
flash into this awful profound? He really thought they
had, for we met with vicarious sacrifices on every aide.
In the hiirtory of nations they met w^th this principle
of vicarious suffering, and were they surprised to find
(Ms prrnodiple in the Gospel — Ohritst dying for humanity ?
la nature it was the lower life dying for the life of
the hi^er, but in the Gospel there was a marvellous
reversal of the order, the higher life dying for the lower
life. Figuratively ispeaVdng, the Cross was scattered
over all the fields of history ; Christ crucified was the
heart of the universe, and out of Him were the issues
of life. In casting away the human husks do not let
them cast away the Divine kernel. They would consider

t?h« doctrine of ^* Future Betribution *' in the aame light.
Once more he confessed that this doctrme had been
badly handled by theolofrians, poets, and painters. For
years a {ibysical hell had been taught, with all its sul-
I>hureoas acooanpanimentss. Scriptural emblems had been
literally interpreted witlh the most deplorable results.
They saw the e£fecit in Dante's " Inferno," and in some
Roman Catholic pictures here and there. At last the out-
raged heart of man revolted against these blood-curdling
descriptions, and thousands of humane persons were
driven so far to the opposite extreme as to doubt the
existence of any punishment at all. The p&ndulum had
its revenge. But tfhe great question was, Was punishment
a theological dogma and nothing more, or was there
not a grain of ftKit in it? The entire literature of the
ancient world bore witness to the necessiity of punish-
ment. They could no more divorce sin end punish-
ment than cause and effect. If they broke the law
they would be broken by t^ law. lue hand of Lady
Macbeth would smell of blood, and rightly so. Their
theories of future punishment might <£ffer widely, and
they did, but let tlhem amid their differences emphasise
the one solemn truth that sin was punished and not sdmply
winked at. A man standing face to face with his own
wickedness — ^that was hell. Truth wa« a synonym for
God, and, like God, it would ultimately vanquiah its
foes, and dhain them to its triumphal c^riot. Beligions
might perish, but religion would abide ; dogmas might
fail, but truth would stand ; gods miffht come and gods
might go, but the living God would abide for ever.
Amid the myriad changes on the restless sea of 19th
century thought, there were four rocks of eternal granite
— God, Christ, the Book, and Immortality. Ging to
these ocean-pyramids wdtii ever-increasing tenacity, and
they would never sink in the storm. — ^A collection was
then taken in aid of the Bi-centenary Fund.

WEDNESDAY'S MUSICAL SERVICE.

There was a large congregation at Doddridge Chapel
on Wednesday evening, when, in contimiation of the bi-
centenary services, an enjoyable musical service was
heid. iMr. Joseph Jeflfery (Church, Treasurer) presided
over a highly-appreciative audience.

Mr. Joseph Jeffery said: Ladies and fi*entlemen, — ^I
am sure you will all agree with me that Uie re-onening
service of this old Doddridge Ohapel would have been
incomplete without its service of praise. Whv, the
very name of Doddridge bespeaks praise. Tou have
heard so much from this platform ounng the last few
days of our great indebtediiess to Dr. Doddrid^ for
the noble example he has left behind ; for the sublime
hymns of praise he has composed^— ^ymns sung not only
by us as Nonconformists, but thought worthy to be
sujig by the Church universal, and, as we were re-
minded the other nighit, sung, too, in our fine old
Westminster Abbey, of which we as Englishmen are
so justly proud. So much has been said, and so
eloquently said, of the history of this old ohapel and
of the earthly saint who ministered within its walls,
long since gone to join the choir invisible, and whose
portrait adorns our pulpit to-day— not put up there for
us to worship, nor to please either the priest or the

bishop, but put there to show nft and our children the
porfcrait of the man who toiled and foug^ht »o bravely for
the religious liberty which we as Nonconformists enjoy
to-day. I have read somewhere that enthusiasm is
the key note of succeds. We have had plenty of en-
thusiasm tills week. Let us take care we also have
plenty of 8ucces»-^real succefts. Don^t let us run away
with the idea that this means merely a newly- adorned
ranctuary, a crowded chapel» a larg« choir, a fine new
building^, much as these are to be desired ; but thi»
is not the success which has made the name of Doddridge
what it is with us to-day. But keeping a life like lus
before us, who fought in the face of tremendous diffi-
culties, may we do our part in the future history of
this church, for as we sing sometimes

There'j a work for me and a work for you.
Something for eadi of us now to do.

Let ug, then, be up and doing, determined to leave the
world (and dear old Doddridge) Chapel in poii/icular)
better than we found it. Ladies and gentlemen, —
With 80 long^ a programme as we have before us, I
will not detain you longer with any rnnarks of mine,
but will at once cell upon the choir to give us the
chorus, "Gloria."

The prograxnine was then proceeded with, and
carried out in an exceptionally praiseworthy man-
ner. A noticeable feature waa tihe song "Lead,
kindly Light,'* sung by Miss E. Garfick from
a manuscript musical setting composed by the
orffaoiftt, Mr. W. H. Hall. Mifls Grarlick received a de-
cioed encore for her excellent renditiore. The programme
was as foUcws! : — Ohorus, " Gloria " from " Twelfth
Mass*' (Mo*art), choir; «ong, "The Batter Land'*
(Cowen), Miss L. Lewis ; organ solo, " Grand offertoire
in D Major" (Batiste), Mr. W. H. Hall ; song, "The Hoiy
City" (S. Adams), Mr. H. L. Snedker; aonja:, "The
Angel of Light'* (M. Piccolomini), Miss L. J. Richards;
anthem, " The Radiant Mom " (Woodward), choir : song,
"Lead, kindly light" (W. H, HaU), Miss E. Garliek
(encored) ; song, " The Lost Chord " (Sullivan), Master
Winie Snedker ; ohorus, " O Father, whose Aimig'ht v
Power" (Handel), choir; organ solo, " Hymn of Nuns "
(Lef6bur6 Wely), Mr, W. H. Hall ; song, "Emmanuc^l "
(Paul Rodney), Miss L. J. Richards ; trio, "When Jeaus
wills (Pattison^, Misses Ireland, Mead, and Lenton;
chorus, " Hallelujah " (Handel), ohoir. — ^A coiAection was
taken in aid of the Bi-Certenarv Fund, and the most
successful proceedings concluded with the Doxologj-.

THURSDAY'S YOUNG PEOPLE'S SERVICE,

On Thursday the Rer. J. J. Cooper .presided at a
young people's service, which was largely attended.

The Rev. Morley Wright (London) spoke on "One
of God's Heroes," taking " Daniel " as his subject. He
arranged his address in such a way that all might be
helped to remember it as long as they should live.
Taking the letters as suggestive of decisions, he indi-
cated Daniel's devoutness, his habit of daily prayer and
communion with God. He quoted from "Tom Brown'«
Schooldays," and related an incident in the life of John

Angel Jamea, and ui'ged young people "W cultivate tbe
gpirib of prayer, and to guard the habit <A prayer. The
next characteristic worthy of notice -was Daniel's absti-
nence. He would not defile his coaiacience ; he would
rather suffer thiui do it, and there was a very great deal
in that. Young people were in the presence of peculiar
and enticing temptations, and they must g^b fortified
to withstand evil and resist its beginnings. Daniel's
nobility was next indicated. He was upright, Grod-
fearing, true at all costs. Let them beware of being
like tbe jelly-fi^ or like Polondus in " Hamlet," This
vacillation was pitiable and ruinous. The next thing
was Daniel's influence. It was a noble ambition to seek
so to live as to encourage and benefit others, and make
the world brighter and better for having lived in it.
Daniel's earnestness next deserved special mention.
Lfet that be their characteristic, whatever their afbilities,
great or small. Let nothing tempt them to neglect
their cultivation. Let them hold on, never relax their
effort, "Try, -try, try a^ain." Finally, Daniel wa« a
man of love. Loved of Ood, he loved God' in return,
and ftoujjht to d-c good to others for God's sake. Above
all things, let girls and boys guard against going
through: the wo.rld caring only for themselves. Let
them live in 'kindly, loving, generous deeds; remem-
bering the words of their Ix>rd and Miasteri " It is more
bles.'ied to give than to receive." Let thwn oi>en wide
thedr hearts to the life of God in Jesus Ohrist, tlien
assuredly they would be among God's heroes. The
benediction of Heaven would rest upon 'them in t^ir
journey through the world ; they would live for others
and for the Lord, and such life would lead to a blessed
immortality. Instead of the fathers, God would take
the children, and make them princes in all -ttie earth.

Miss Heam following with an excellent address; which
she opened by telling the story of a minister's little
daughter who went to hear her father preach. When
they returned home the minister said to the child:
" Well, NelHe, how did you Hke my serm-on ?" " Not
at all" was the reply. "Why, what was thri matter
with it ?" said the father. " Too much talk," answered
the little maid. Miss Heam said that after the fme
meetings that had already been held that week, and
after the eloquent addresses that had been delivered,
the younfi^ people might feel they were having too mucb
talk. All the same, she hoped they would endeavour to
listen a lititle longer, a>s she had something she wished
to say. She then referred to the great meeting of young
people held in thei City Temple in connection with the
centenary of Foreiirn Missions, which she had attended
the previous Saturday. One of the speakers was a
returned missionary, who began his address by saying,
" I speaik to 50 years." He repeated tbe words three
times, and seemed so filled wi4>h their force himself that
for a few moments he could say no more. At first
people wondered what he meant, but soon they under-
stood. What he meant was that he was speaking to
those who would live and work and influence the world
for the next 50 vears. Miss Heam said she also was
speaking to 50 years, and that the young people then
before her would for the next 50 years be a great
power for good or for evil in the place in which they
lived. They were living in good times ; the age was an
age of great progress and improvement, hut greatefr
progress and more improvements were in store, and

those who were now young would have increased bene-
fits. They most remeimber they had bad a good
ancestry; their forefathers had fought hard and icmg
for the liberties they were now enjoying. What woola
khey do with the legacies left them? and how would
they spend the 50 years in front ? It wus truly said tiiast
the prosperity of a nation depended upon the cnarecter,
conduct, and industry of the individuals of which it
was composed. Each citizen should have the welfare
of his country at heart, and it was only as each did
his part and lived righteously that the country' cou.a
maintain its position among the nations of the earth.
Speaking of what could be done by individual effort.
Miss Hearn told the story of a doctor who had lately
died while still yotmg. He had spent his strength m
trying to preserve the lives of others, and when .t waa
known that he had passed away there were many n d
great expressions of sorrow. His friends, desiring an
epitaph to his memory, selected as most suitable the
lines of Bonar —

"^eeds there the praise of the love- written record.
The name and the epitaph graved on the stone ?
Tlie thJngft we have lived for, let them be our story.
We ourselves be rememlbered by rw'hat we have done."

Miss Hearn urged hfer hearers so to live that though
their names nught never be known or «oon forgotten,
the world would always !be enriched by their good
deeds. !Next, tihe speaker dwelt upon the power of
those who seem aible to do least, and in illustration told
of a lady, a personal acquaintance, who, entirely help-
less in body, y«t exerts a great influence for good :n
the place in which she lives. Utterly weak hferself , she
gives strength and courage to others. The patience
and the sweetness with Which she endures her afElic-
tion make her a marvel to those wliia know her, and
people in aU kinds of trouble come to her for help,
knowing Uiat her sjmpathy ds sure. The little children
all love her, and sLie is a queen in their eyes; while
even the >birds seem to know she is their friend, as they
hijver around her when she lies upon her wheeled
couch in the sunshine. " Ladies of helpfulnws " and
"Knight« of new chivalry" were titles Mi^s Hearn
would have the young people merit, (but in order to do
this tliey must ever be on the side of Obrist and of
right. Khe pleaded earnestly with those who had not
yet accepted Ohrist as their Saviour, to celebrate this
bi-centenary of Doddiridge by deciding for Him. All
the address was listened to with close attention, but
there was no otiier sound than the speaker's voice as
she said, *• Give yourself to H:!m to-night. When you
go home I should like you to write down in a book or
upon something that you will keep these words: *He
loved me and gave Himself for me,' and underneath, if
you can: 'I love Thee. I give myself to Thee.' No
joy could be like that which would come to them as
the result of this consecration." In closing, iMiss Hearn
urged those who loved Christ, but had not yet pulblicly
confessed Him, to lose no time in joining the Churolu
She said tlhey would find this a great souive of strength
to them in their efforts to live Christian lives. Christ
had instituted the communion service by that Last
Suj)per with His disciples, and he had said : " If ye lore
me," nofc, " If you are perfect " ; <but, " If ye love me "
"do thUs in remembrance of Me." Surely it was a

sliglili upon Christ not to remember Him in the way
He asked. It was as if He said, " At least do this " ;
and that which we ought at least to do was that which
would -be of the greatest help and blessing to our-
selves.

The Bey. G. Parkin »aid: It is of tbe utmost im-
porbance for young people to place before themselves
a wortlhy aim in life. Such aa aim wiU call forth their
energies and save tlheir life from beinj^ incomplete and
disproportionate. Robert Burn-s said that his life
lacked symmetry because he had not lived for a lofty
purpose. Men live for- the sake of acquiring wealth, or
for enjo^rment, or to be and to do good, and I wisih to
emphasiise the last. If you live only for wealth or
enjoyment your life will be a failure, but if you live
to be 4nd to do good, your life wiE give you satisfac-
tion in your calm moments. Somie are too long in
placing this higth aim before them. A fortnight ago,
when at Far O^ton, a friend sihowed me an apple-tree
in his gurden covered witlt blossom. The sight was
one of beauty, and yeii it gave rise to a feeling of sad-
ness. Blossom is right in May, but out of place in
Septembeir. Let tihe days be ever so fine now, fhat
btossom cannot give place to fruit. Some men are
like that tree. They let old age come before tlhey
blossom with good desires, and ^en there is no time
for such blossom to oome to perfection in this life. I
would mudh rather see an old man with good desires
than without them, but it would Ibave been better both
for him and tihe world if he had only bad them sooner,
and been true to tlhem. On no account allow Septem-
ber to come before you blossom. Resolve now to be
good and to do good. I should also like you to cherish
a lofty faitli. 'Hue soul becomes strong bv cherishing
great truths, and there are none greater than those of
Grod, Immortality, and Responsibility. Tou need such
trut'hs to tesit vour own intuitions and to keep you
right in your thouglits and feelings, as the mariner,
though funiishjed witih compass and dharts, still finds
it necessary to look at the sun by day and the moon
and Stars oy nig'hft. It is the custom in some places
to decry faith, and to extol doubt, but doubt is no
sign of greatness. Great men have doubted, but they
were not great because of their doubt, but in spite of
it. Doubt paralyses the soul and renders it incapable
of action. The men who have blessed the world have
been great believers. Golumibus would never have
^one in search of a new world if be (had not believed
in its existence ; and Paul would never 'have brougbt
the G'otspel to Europe, and made it known in the great
centres of population, if he had not believed in man's
need of salvation and in Christ's abiUty to save him.
You will be aided in working out this 'Mgih aim by
thinking of your forerunners, who, though dead, still
speak to you. Doddridge is in that numiber. The men
of his day who lived for wealth and enjoyment are
forgotten, buit he is remembered, and nils memory
calls us to high and holy efforts in the cause of God
and of our fellow-men. Much lias been said of him
during ihese bi-centenary services, but not too much.
His wats a beautiful life, and it still liais power to move
men to goodness and to God. Think also of Jeeus
(Thrijft, whiose name you bear and wlu)m you are try-
ing to serve. Catch this spirit, and then, like Him,
you will go about doing good.

Solos w«re rendered by Miss Bayley and Miss
Bunting.

The proceedings concluded ^th a Tote of thanks to
the speakers, proposed by Mr. George Biggins, and
seconded by Mr. H. Cooper. Mr. Hignns paid a
gracefol tribat« to the influence of Miss Beam's pen.
Be said that when he was a yoong man certain lines
of hers had exercised much power upon hmi, and he
beliered that much of tihe success of 'his life wet due
to them. Be repeated the lines, which are d9 foUow :

€k>d helping me I will succeed.

Words short and stem and strong.
But the heart within is true ass lAeel,

To wait and labour long.
Firm feet, far-seeing eyes, quick -hands.

And the words have had tlbeir way ;
And o<>sfcaclee are trampled down

And the might of will has sway.

The special bi-centenary services at Doddridge Cbapel
were oontinued on Sunday, Septem'ber 29^, when
there wore again large congregations. The Bev. Thomas
Arnold preaoied in the morning, and the Bey. J. J.
Cooper (the present pashor) in the evening.

THE HORN BOOK.

VIortbampton:

PRINTED FOR TAYLOR & SON, THE DRYDEN PRESS,
9, College Street.

IQOI.

NOTES

The Horn Book.

By C. A. M.

^ AabcdefgMfklmaopq

a«ioui aeiou
^ ei> ib oV ub ba beU bobu
IS eetcoGucoacecfifocu
, ad «didalud dad«dido«Iu
to the yfetnl of flwRrffcoiarftl*

idinkUR Father, which aitihi?

t^ie» thy Kingdom CQiiU!,thy

Heayw. GivewtteDayow'
cMf BTeal, ani forgive us
Tfdpaffet as we fo^ tl„
that Ttefpsfc aaOnft «-. And,
lead osnatintaTeBut2fiQ(LViifc

" iiiiiiinnn

THE HORN BOOK

(Full Size).

Printed by H. Butterfield,

Herald and Daily Chronicle Offices, Northampton.

1901.

XBeprinted from The Northampton Herald of March 23rd
and 30th, 1901.]

Notes on the Horn Book.

Those early text-books, formerly used by children,
and known by the name of ** Horn Books," ore
interesting from many points of view, and a few
notes on them may not be unaooeptable.

These oibservations are mainly taken, by permis-
Mon, from the interesting "History of the Horn
Book," written by the kte Mr. Andrew Tuer, F.S.A.,
the only book dealing witdi the matter.

This gentleman, in October, 1892, issued a num-
ber of post cards, curiosities in themselves, asking
for information, and one of these cards I have.
Some of the answers received were certainly amusing.
Mr. Gladstone's reply to a request for information was
most unexpected, but certainly to the point. He
said that he knew nothing about the matter. Pro-
bably this would be the only subject as to which he
would have returned suoh an answer. Another
gentleman wrote to say, " I have hitherto thought
that my horn book was the only one in existenec,
but now I find there are two— I have one and you
have the other."

Mr. Tuer, however, in his book notes about a
hundred and fifty examples, so they are not quite
so scarce as the worthy gentleman thought. Never-
theless, at the Caxton Exhibition, held in 1877, only
four horn books were shown; and a few years later,
when the Worehipful Ck>mpa>ny of Homers held a
loan exhibition, and special efforts were taken to
get together a large number of these books, only
eight were shown. So, in any case, they are
sufficiently rare.

As long ago as 1809 horn books were collected,
and one, in the possession of Dr. Wright, of Wake-
field, was received by his mother witJi the follow-
ing lines: —

** Madam, a man of my acquaintance

Was lately talkmg of the entrance

Into all learning, and the rules

Now uskl in our modem schools.

Says he, * I think in future ages

A horn book will be to the sages

A curious thing to look upon;

I wish that you could get me one? '

I set about his will to do,

And, fortunately, I've got two.

The one of which I send to you.

Already obsolete they've grown;

Then fifty years hence when they're shown,

What will the learned in that day

About the horn books, Madam, say?
When they're as rarely to be seen
As farthings coined by Anne our Queen;
So horn books place in your museum,
That those who re yet unborn may see 'em.
Yours indefatigably,

H.M."
Stockton-on-Teofl,

10th August, 1809."

After showing how horn books were collected, I
may perhaps be aiUowedl to give ao ameodote of how
they were sometimes ioat.

One owner of horn books relates how he was
bereft of them in the following extraordinary fashion :
" A coUeotor called one day and coaxed me to
show them. I told him that I would not sedl, but
immediately he got them in his hands he slipped
them into ^e inside pocket of his coat, which be but-
toned up, saying, * You miay bid good-bye to your
horn books — ^put your own price on them ! ' And
although I protested sharply, I have never seen them
from that day to this. I tried to get ibem back,
but it became evident that mothi'ng sdiort of assault
and battery would help me. In despair I eventually
consented to let him have them at a tremendous
price, which I have ever since regretted doing."

As perhaps some persons may have hazy notions of
what a horn book really is, how it is made, and
whence it obtained its name, I will describe one.

A horn book proper is made of an oblong piece of
oak, with a projection below for handle. The general
size is about three inohea by five inches, the wood
being about a quarter of an inch thick, but in the
cheaper ones the wood was very unevenly split. On
the board is pasted the piece of printed paper. This
is protected by a thin sheet of horn, which is secured
by narrow strips of brass or latten round the edges,
fastened by eight small iron nails. These nails always
had a " rose bead,'* which is a flattish head formed
with four strokes of the hammer when it was manu-
factured. On the back the horn book is generally
covered with leather, which is embosssd with some
design, and then turned over the edges under the
horn. The designs at the back vary, sometimes the
redoubtable St. George slaying the Dragon is repre-
sented, sometimes an equestrian portrait of King
Charles, sometimes a bird or flower, and sometimes
a conventional design. On the paper in front is
generally printed the alphabet in small letters, the
alphabet in large letters, the vowels, the diphthongs,
and the Lord's Prayer. The small alphabet is gener-
allv preceded by a cross, and a capital A. Frequently
before the Lord's Prayer there is the invocation : —

** In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and
of the Holy Ghost. Amen."

Oak for a base seems to have been almost invari-
ably used ; though Mr. Tuer mentions one horn book
made of mahogany, and another of cedar.

The earliest horn book in existence is in the col-
lection of the late Hon. Granville Leveson-Grower,
{ind was perhaps made in the middle of the sixteenth
century. It is somewhat rouig'h in workmaaship and
dilapidated in condition. The lettering is old English
or black letter, and half the paper has been destroyed.

The horn, brass strips, and nails have entirely dis-
appeared.

Only one or two ot:her books of this century re-
main.

From about the end of the sixteenth century, what
may be called the middle age horn books were in-
troduced. The old English or black letters went out
of fashion, and Roman type came into use.

Examples of these varieties are, of course, more
common than the black letter patterns.

The later horn books made m the eighteenth and
during the first few years of the nineteenth century
were very similar in form to the middle age horn
books. On the paper of these books was generally
printed a narrow pattern, which was covered by the
strips of brass, and was perhaps intended as a guide
for placing them in position.

The horn books made during the first quarter of
the last century had sadly defi[enerated. The oak base,
the horn cover, the brass strips, and the rose-headed
nails had all disappeared. Their place was taken
by a stout piece of cardboard, covered on one side
with embossed or coloured paper, and on the other
by the printed sheet of letters. This was protected
by a coat of drirty gray or brown varnish. 'Hie whole
sold for one halfpenny.

On these cards the Lord's Prayer is frequently
omitted, and only the smaM and large alphabets
printed. The alphabets are always in an ornamental
border, and the printer's name also generally i^>pears.

Other horn books there were ot a simpl^ and
rougher construction for use in the village school.
The oak boards of these were very unevenly split, the
horn coarse, the brass strips of varying width, and
the nails rough.

Again, other horn books there were of very superior
make. Some of silver, the back being of beautiful
filigree work, or of a solid! plate engraved! with a
pattern; talc was used instead of horn as a covering,
the silver edg-es being turned over the talc in front.
Such a document was said to have been given by
Queen Elizabeth to Ohanoellor Egerton, and it now
belongs to Lord Egerton of Tatton.

Other ediioationial' <]evices were formed of htomt or
ivory, cut in the shape of a horn book. The alpha-
bets, always in Roman type, were stamped on both
sides; smal letters on one side, cukt capitals on the
other. Occasionally a bird or inece of foliage was
introduced.

These pieces of horn or ivory are similar in shape
to the horn books; and are quite as rare.

In the Northampton Museum there is a charming
little bone ihomi book, w^^oh was found a aharh time
ago m a house i<ni OBroad-street, NorthamptJon.

This has the alphabet in capitals only on_one side,
the other heang plain, the ihandle is alig:htly orna-
mented, and is pierced for the purpose of hanging
it on a ^rdSe.

There were also battledores. These were made
of wood, and were shimed exactly like those used
for playing the game of battledore and shuttlecock.
The al-phabet was frequently printed on a piece of
paper by the local printer, and the piece of wood
shaped by the neighbouring carpenter. Sometimes
the letters were painted direct on to the wood with
b>ack paint,

These battledores were also made in the form of a
card Mded in three, with letters and syllables, and
generally coarse woodcuts on both sides.

Not above ten printers in England produced these
folded battledores, but amongst these was Joseph
Tol'ller, of Kettering, who x>rinted a large number,
four varieties.

The most uncommon form of horn book is cruci-
form in shape. This ila iiideed so uncommon thajt
Mr. Tuer says ho has never seen a genuine example.
Undoubtedly, however, such horn books existed, as
there are many references to them; and Mr. Tuer
got on the Hne of two at Folkestone, which, how-
ever, unfortunately eluded 5iim.

It win be noticed that a cross generally pneoedbd
tlie ailphabet on a horn book; and from tihi» is die-
rived the term Christ's Cross Row, or more shortly
Ohris-Cross-Row ; whiohi phrase is frequently used- by
our old writers for the alphabet. Occasionally, how-
ever, the printer was '* short of sorts," and had no
cross handy, and then he used an ordinary paragraph
mark.

It is interesting to note that at the commencement
of the Nineteenth Century the oross at the begimung
of the letters was disoontdnued ; and the printers in-
sorted a capital X. Thus the Saviour's Cross was
transformed into St. Andrew's Cross.

The term Cris Oross was still used, but the mean-
ing thereof had passed away; and neither teachers
nor pupils know what the words symbolised.

The Christ Cross row is very frequently referred
to by our old authors.

In "The Two Angry Women of Abington,"
written by Henry Porter in 1599, MaJl Barnes ap-
pears at a window, in answer to a call from her
brother, Philip Barnes, and says, " How now, who's
there?" Philip repllies, " 'Tis I." She retorts,
*"Tis I! Who I? I, quoth the dog, or what? A
Christ Cross row I? " alluding to the letter I in the
alphabet.

The Northampton horn book belongs to Mr. G.
Nidhols; it was found in the ceiling of his house in
the Drapery, and by him lent to the Museum, where
it now is.

It is of the usual type, but having undergone
ordeal by fire and water, it has been mudh damaged.
The horn covering and fastenings have partly dis-
appeared and the device of St. George and the Dragon
at the back is almost obliterated.

Ginger-bread was also used for the manufacture of
horn books, which were first read and then eaten.
William Hone humorously writes tftiat: —

** Among my recollections of childish pleasures I
have a vivid remembrance of an alphabet called the
horn book, price one farthing, published by iiie
gingerbread bakers and sold by all dealers in ginger-
bread in town and country. There was a superior
edition, with a widler m>argin, handsomely gilt, priioe
a half-penny. I formerly purchased for my own use
several copies of different editions of this work, but
have not preserved one. It was rather larger than
the common horn book, and made of dark brown
ginger-bread."

The moulds were made of wood, in the form of
short planks, about two inches thick, the designs
being inoisod, of course in reverse. Long slabs of

brown ginger-bread were made, and after being im-
pressed with the mould were baked, and then cut
up. The making of the ginger-bread was looked on
as a fine art; the ingredients had to be properly
mixed, and the oven of a proper temperature, or the
oonfeobion, when finished, was as tough as leather.

In the poetical works of the Rev. Samuel Bishop,
published in 1796, there is the following reference
to these documents: —
*' Some frivolous gentry of the present day,

In alphabetic buckles shine away.

But language needs not fashion's flimsy aid.

Its elemental base is deeper laid;

Your children living, and your grandsires dead,

Lov'd, while they thumb'd, and tasted as they read,

The Horn Book's best edition. Gingerbread."
There is with the Northampton muniments a
document, written about 1726 by a would-be bene-
factor to learning. This states that there were many
free schools for the teaohmg of the Latin tongue,
but that the writer oould hear of none for teaching
poor men's children the English tongue. He there-
fore proposed that the Magistrates of Northampton
should get some ancient woman to teach twenty of
the boys and girls of the poorest, and that he would
allow the said ancient woman £4 a year. The fol-
lowing materials were to be provided: —
20 Home Bookes 20 Bibles

20 Primers 20 Caterchises

20 Psalters 20 Writing Bookes

It does not, however, appear that anything came
of this proposal.

The horn book is indigenous to England, and has
never beert common in other countries. It was,
however, certainly used in Scotland, and though
Scottisli examples are very rare, there is one in the
South Kensington Museum, which was printed at
Glasgow in 1784.

The Pilgrim Fathers carried the bom book to
America with them, and no doubt it was extensively
used in that country by the early settlers. Diligent
search throughout ihe country of America has resulted
in the finding of one horn book, and one only ; but
this is exactly like the English pattern, with a figure
of Charles II., at the back, and the printed paper and
horn are secured by brass strips fastened by eight
ro9e-headed nails.

The horn book does not ever seem to have been
mudi used on the Continent. There was a large
manufactory of these books in Holland, where they
Were made by the Dutch, almost entirely for the
English market. Probabfy but few, however, re-
manned abroad. StiSl, horn books must have been
used in Holland, for they are shown in si^veral of
the paintines by Bembrant, Olaes Jansy Visscher,
Jan Steen, Van Ostade, amd Albert Durer. All these
artists delighted in representing the minutest de-
tails of common life.

It appears to be quite impossible to date a horn
book. Type which was used in the sixteenth century
was also used in the eighteenth century. The same
founts were, in many cases, used until they were
quite worn out; and the embossed leather at the
back of a horn book may be one or f ven two hundred
years later than it seems to be, the blocks also hav-
ing been used until they were worn out. Professor

Pkeat aaid. when asked to date a horn book, '' It is
just one ot thoee thin{^ which may be of almost any
diabe from 1650 to 1800."

On the card issued by Mr. Tuer in 1892 the draw-
ing of the horn book is purposely inaccurate, and
unlike any horn book that was ever made.

The result, as no doubt Mr. Tuer anticipated^ was
tJiat a number of horn books were immediately
manufactured. These spuriosities followed the draw-
ing exactly — the rounded an^le© of the wood, which
was stained dark, the iron rimming and tacks, which
were artificially rusted, horn replaced by gelatine,
and the paper printed with letters of wrong shape,
with the word " Amen " below the letters.

I cannot give you many anecdotes about horn
book, for the simple reason that but few are re-
corded.

During a trial, however, in the last century the
horn book figured. It was a case between Thomas
Carman and the Stationers' Company, relating to
a dispute in connection with s>heet almanacks^ The
Judge asked Lord Erskine whether a printed sheet
of paper like an almanack could be described as a
book. Lord Erskine, who had come prepared, held
up someUiing in his hand, and, after a moment's
pause, said impressively, " The common horn book,
my Lord ! "

Another anecdote is of a boy who was learning
his letters from a horn book, and persistently re-
fused to repeat A. When tiie master threatened
to whip him, he whimpered " If I do I know you'll
want me to say B."

A horn book, which was given to the late Dr.
Croker, had a little history attached, in the form
of a autobiography: —

"You ask me, my friend, for my history. The
history of letters as of men presents, I fear, but a
series of ingratitude from poor to rich, elect»d to
electors, Wig to Tory, and dunces to their good old
horn-book. I am old and squalid — too old to reap
any benefit from Dr. Crook and his statistics. In
my time there was plenty of wisdom and less learn-
ing — very much plodding — to be sure, nobody ever
came back to simple I, to tell how much of profit;
in short, people were always contented with what
they knew, and that formed the grand secret of my
reputation. . . . Well, well, I ought perhaps to
be more modest, but I remember when I was a pretty
intelligent-looking thmg, and when my Mistress,
Mrs. Jane Speedsure, bought me of the huckster
(who every six months frequented our village of
Sandford) and laid me on the bright little round
table before she pronounced me fit for the young
Squire. ... I could fancy myself young again
— and I see the ancient woman . . . surrounded
by her table, her oat, her spinning wheel, and by
twenty scholars, holding as they sit their horn-books
close to their eyes. . . . When at twelve years
old my young master was suddenly sent to a distant
country to spread my fame, I fell into less worthy
hands. . . . When my master returned he was
changed in every look and movement! ... I
have neither heart nor spirits to tell how he talked
of ' barbarous ignorance,' how ungratefully he recom-
mended me to be burnt, and how he said that re-
form would at some future year reach us. . . .

Happy am I now to find myself under the protection
of a friend to learning, and a friend also to the
neglected

lioBN Books."

Mr. Tuer records two proverbs which a Cornish
lady says she heard her mother quote.

One IS— "A dame, a child, and a couple of horn
books do not make a school." The other is: ^'He
who keeps a small shop must be content to sell horn
books."

There are not many pictorial representations of
the horn book in old prints or pictures, but I will
mention a few examples.

There is still extant a portrait of a little girl —
Miss Campion— dated 1661. This little lady holds
in her left hand a horn book on which is the entire
alphabet, preceded by a cross i>attee.

There is a rough engraving of " Dick Swift, thief-
taker, teaching his son tho Commandments." The
father is pointing to the eighth Commandment, and
with his forefinger wickedly blotting out the ** not."
The son, who is evidently profiting by the lesson,
puts it into execution by stealing from his father's
coat pocket, while with his other hand he holds a
hoi a book.

Now for references to the subject of our paper in
literature.

First, of course, one turns to the poet who wroto
"not for a period, but for all time" — our country-
man Shakespeare — who has something about every-
thing. In "Love's Labours Lost" the facetious
page. Moth, in speaking of the pedSantio school-
master Holoferneo as being lettered, says: —

" Yes, yes ; he teaches boys the horn book.
What is A B spelt backwards, with the horn
on his head? "
Holofernes answers —

" Ba, pueritia, with a horn added."
Moth retorts—

** Ba, most silly sheep with a horn. You
hear his learning."

The play upon words here seems to me very good.
Horn books and primers were frequently called
A. B.C. books, and the horn on the head of a sheep
instead of over the letters is very quaint.

Curiously enough, this is the only time Shakes-
pears uses the word " horn book " in his plays.

A connection with this county comes through
William Hornbye, of London, gent., who was edu-
cated' at Peterix>rough Free School. This Hornbye
in 1622 published a volume called ** Hombye's Horn
Book," wherein he very fully describes and com-
ments upon horn books.

Henry Peacham, in an amusing work called "Th(»
Worth of a Peny," published in 1664, seta out the many
things which could be purchased for a penny. Amongst
them: —"For a peny you may buy the hardest btwk
in t!:e world, and which at some time or other hath
posed the greatest Clerks in the Land, viz., an horn
book ; the making up of which Book imployeth above
thirty trades."

In 1728 a Poem in Praise of the Horn Book wasi
written by a gentleman in England, under a fit of
the gout, as be calls himself. This was really Thomas

Tickell, who assisted Addison and Steele with the
" Spectator." This poem commences :

"Hail, ancient Book, most venerable Code,
Learning's first Cradle and its last Abode!
The Huge unnumbered Volumes which we see,
By lazy Plagiaries are stol'n from thee.
Yet future Times to thy sufficient store
Shall ne'er presume to add one lettet more."
The author then proceeds to describe minutely the
horn book, and to deduce various reflections from
its use.

William Shenstone, in his poem of " The School-
mistress," written in 1736, says:
"Lo! now with State she utters the command,
Eftsoons the Urchins to their Tasks repair;
Their Books of Stature small they take in hand.
Which with pellucid horn secured are,
To save from Finger wet the Letters fair:
The work so quaint that on their backs is seen,
St. George's high Achievements does declare.
On which thilk Wight that has y-gazing been
Kens the forCh-coming Bod, unpleasing sight, I ween."
Our own poe";, John Clare, writing in 1827, speaks
of the horn book as being used at that time, probably
at Helpston, his native village.

** None but imprisoned children now
Are seen, where dames with angry brow
Threaten each younker to his sea.t,
Who, through the window, eyes the street;
Or from his horn book turns away.
To mourn for liberty and play."
That ubiquitous and delightful writer, William
Hone, in 1832 purposed to write a tract about horn
book, but he did not get much further than the title
page. He, however, possessed a horn book, and
described it; he also tried to obtain others,. but with
what success we are not told. Although Hone left
amongst his papers many notes on this subject, he does
not seem to have included any of them in his pub-
lished works.

Dr. Kenneth Mackenzie in 1863 read some " Notes
towards the History of the Horn Book," before the
Society of Antiquaries. This paper was not printed
with the Transactions of the Society, because Dr.
I ackenzie had entered into an agreement with Mr.
TegfiT, the publisher, to write a work on the Horn
Book, but this was never accomplished. Mr. Tuer,
after some search, recovered this paper, and printed
it in his book.

The life history of the horn book was probably as
follows :

At some distant period, say during the fifteenth
century, the system of teaching children their letters
from alphabets written on pieces of paper, cardboard,
or parchment was introduced. These alphabets would
naturailly soon be destroyed by contact with the
grubby hands of children. So no doubt some scribe
who was wearied by continually writing out the
letters, hit upon the brilliant idea of placing th^
written card or paper on a piece of board and C9yer-
ing it with a sheet of transparent horn. The writinsf
thus treated would last for a considerable time, and
would educate many children.
In process of time the writing was re-placed by

printing, first in black letter, then in Roman type;
still ailways covered by the protective horn.

So developed the common or school-room horn
bookj like Mr. Pickwick's warming pan, of immortal
fame, a harmless and necessary article of furniture.

The history of the horn book is, to me, a pathetic
one. It was invented, made by twos and threes, then
by hundreds, and hundreds of thousands, and used
by every school child in England. Then made by
hundred^, then by dozens, and finally not made at
all.

Almost all the copies remaining were destroyed
as lumber, and now it is practically impossible to
obtain a specimen of a horn book, which has not
been noted. And all this within a period of about
250 years, say, from the middUe of the fifteenth to
the end of the eighteenth century.

It is almost like the rise and decline of a nation !

The historjr of horn books is a very good example
of the aphorism that things which are produced in
very large quantities are more likely to be entirely
destroyed than those which are produced in very
limited numbers.

In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries an
enormous number of horn books were made; indeed,
one wholesale dealer stated that during the 60 years
which preceded 1799, he and his predecessor had
made several millions of these books. When it is
remembered that every child had its horn book it
will be seen that a very large number would be ^
required. Yet now but a hundred and fifty examples
of the horn book are known.

Indeed, I expect it would be more difficult to
purchase a copy of the " Northampton Chronicle "
or " Northampton Reporter '* a year old, than a copy
of some book or pamphlet of wnich only one or two
hundred copies had been published' one or two
hundred years ago.

Pity it is that tlie old horn book has gone out of
use. Surely it was a very picturesque and useful
feature of old school life — ^picturesque when held in
a boy's hand or dangling at a maiden's girdle; use-
ful frequently to the Schoolmaster for application to
the head of an obdurate scholar by way of punish-
ment, and useful to the children as a battledore, or
in mimic battle with their fellows.

I can fancy that a good deal of fun could be ob-
tained out of a horn book; far more indeed than out
of a grammar of the present day.

I certainly maintain that our ancestors, though
thev no doulDt lived harder lives than we live now,
had more genuine fun between whiles than we get
at the present day.

C. A. M.

Ko^]I[lf^^^5]T[oj^,

I377~i893.

Dortbampton :

The Drydbn Press : TAYLOR & SON, 9, Collbgb Street.

I goo.

EXECUTIONS IN NORTHAMPTON.

A History of Death Penalties.

Always an important town, Northampton haa
probably at times been the scene of British, Roman,
Danish, and Norman execntions, bnt of these not
the scrap of a record exists. There is no trace.
DoiNa Jews to Death.

The first execution of which any document takes
cognisance is one of the most horrible and bloodj
in English history. There was a considerable
colony of Jews in Northampton in early times;
and they had then, as Jews are supposed to have
now, a remarkable facility in making money. They
have ever been money lenders in England. The
Northampton Jews were the bankers of the district,
and, owing to the vast amount of money they had
lent, were practically owners of most of the pro-
perty of the town. The time had come, not only
when they should consider whether any more money
could be lent on existing property, but when the
nominal owners found it impossible, without
borrowing more to pay the usury on what they had
already obtained. In this dilemma craft came to
the aid of the English rather than of the Jews. A
horrible plot was got up, men got ready to perjure
themselvps, details were all carefully settled, and
then it happened on Good Friday afternoon, in the
year 1277, that the town rang with the story of a
horrible crime that had never been committed. It
was in everyone's mouth that the wicked, cursed Jews
had that morning stolen a beautiful Christian boy,
and in their horrid Passover ntes, had crucified
him, actually nailed him hand and foot to a wooden
cross. There he would have died had not he been
discovered and rescued. The whole tewn was in an
uproar. Men and women were running everywhere
demanding the accursed blood of the Jews. The
poor Hebrews shut themselves up in their houses,
only to be dragged out, beaten, scoffed, buffeted and
spat upon. Then there came a trial : a perrured
priest was the chief evidence against them. Fifty
Jews were ordered for immediate execution; the
remainder were banished instanter from the town —
and, of course, were not allowed to take anything
with them. The execution of these fifty wretohed
men was awful in the extreme. Each was
tied to the tail of a horse, some by their
heads, some by their heels, some by their hands,
some by the middle. And then the fifty horses,
great heavy animals like the dray horses of
to-day, were whix>ped and goaded out of the town.
They ran, and kicked, and reared, and trampled
upon one another's human burdens ; amid the
piercing, heartrending crie& of* the wretohed
victims, and the exultation and delight of the
thousands of spectators. Up and down the road-
way they went, where York-road is now and below.
When all were tired of this fun, the horses were
stopped, and the fifty Jews, living and dead, were
hung up on a row of trees, whose horrible fruit
rocked and reeked in the air for months. The

EXECUTIONS IN NOBTHAMPTON.

morrow not only saw every Jew cleared out of
Northampton, but what was more to the purpose
and ill accord with the desigrns of the aristocracy of
the town, they had perforce left behind them
all their property, which was shared by their
executioners, who started life once more free from
debt.

A Claimant to Royalty.
The next execution of historic importance at
Northampton was tha^ of a claimant to royalty, one
John Poydras, or Poldres. He claimed to be the
rijfhtful king, alleging that he was the son of
Edward I., and that the reigning monarch, Edward
II., was uo more than a changelirg, and the son of
a carter. Poldres said that the nurse changed him
— the king's son— and substituted the reigning
king, who was really a weakling for a Plantagenet.
Poldes was believed to be the son of an Exeter
tanner. He was brought to Northampton, where a
Parliament assembled in July, 1317, to try his
claims. He produced no evidence, and was con-
demned to death. He was hanged outside the
borough, disembowelled, and quartered, as a
warning to all other imposters. In the next
century, after a battle at Edgcote, in Northampton-
shire, in 1469, in which the Lancastrians defeated
the troops of Edward IV., the visitors captured
Earl Rivers (the Queefl's father) and Sir John
Woodville (the Queen's brother), at Grafton Regis.
The two distinguished prisoners were brought on
horseback to Northampton, where, probably on
Market - square, they were publicly beheaded.
Northampton just then was on the side of Warwick,
the King Maker.

Burnt for Heresy,
In 1557 occurred the first recorded case of burn-
ing to death in Northampton. The victim was a
Syrcsham shoemaker, John Kurde, by name, who,
refusing to att-end Holy Communion at the parish
church, was sent to Northampton Castle, for
denying the doctrine of Transubstantiation— the
Romish doctrine that in the Eucharist the bread is
changed into the substance of the body of Christ,
and the wine into the substance of His blood. He
was tried in All Saints' Church, and was there
sentenced to death by William Brinsley, the Chan-
cellor to the Bishop of Peterborough. Poor Kurde
was led through the North Gate of the town, and
was burned in the presence of thousands of people,
at the "Stone Pits," Kingsthorpe. This was a
sentence of death pronounced by "The Church,
the Mother of us all." Full details of this
martyrdom are given in Fox's " Book of Martyrs."

Five Witches Hung.
In 1612 another frightful execution took place,
that of four women and a man for witchcraft.
These were Agnes Browne, an old woman of Guils-
borough, and her daughter Joan Vaughan, "as
gratious as the mother, and both of them as farre
from grace as heaven from hell"; Arthur Bill,
of Raunds; Hellen Jenkinson of Thrapston, and
Mary Barber of Stan wick. They were all charged
with bewitching human beings to death. "Being
brought from the common gaole of Northampton
to Northampton Castle, where the Assizes are
usually held " says a contemporary account, they
were "found guilty and deserved death by the
verdict of a credible Jury returned." Of old Mrs.

EXECUTIONS IN NORTHAMPTON.

Browne and her daughter Yauj^han, it is said
'• They were carried backe unto the Gaole, where
they were never heard to pray, or to call nppon
God, but with bitter curses and execrations spent
that little time they had to live, untill the day of
their Execution, when never asking pardon for
their offences, either of God, or the world, in their
daungerous, and desperate resolution, dyed." The
same pamphlet says of Master Bill, whose mother
cut her throat " for feare of hanging," that when
he heard the verdict of guilty against him-
self, "his countenance changed, and he cried
out, that he had now found the Law to
have a Power above Justice, for that it had
con,demned an innocent." The other two women
likewise pleaded to the last that they were innocent,
" so without any confession or. contrition, like birds
of a feather, they all held and hanged together for
company, at Abington Gallowes hard by Northamp-
ton, the two and twentith day of July last past:
Leaving behind them in prison many others tainted
with the same corruption, who without much mercy
and repentance are like to follow them in the same
tract of Precedencie."

Pressed to Death.
A few years after this we have recorded in Free-
man's History of Northampton the simple state-
ment that in 1630 a malefactor was pressed to death
in the .New Pastures. The New Pastures is now
partially occupied by Spencer-parade. , Singularly
enough Mr. C. A. Markham mentioiis nothing
whatever about this execution in his valuable and
exhaustive paper on "Ancient Punishments in
Northamptonshire." It is the only case on record
of this fearful punishment being carried out in
>iorthampton. It was reserved for those who, being
charged with felony, refused to plead, hlackstone,
in his " Commentaries," describes the fearful
punishment. It was that the prisoner should be
laid on his back on the bare floor, naked, unless
where decency forbids ; that there be placed upon
his body as great a weight of iron as he could
bear, and more; that he have no sustenance,
save only, on the first day, three morsels of the
worst bread; and on the second day, three
draughts of standing water, that should be
nearest to the prison door ; and in this situation
that this should be alternately his daily diet till
he died, or, as anciently the judgment ran, till he
answered.
"We can only imagine the awful gruesomeness of
this scene, and be grateful that the peine forte et
dure is no longer allowable in England.

By Rope and Fire.
The following year the people of Northampton
witnessed the execution of Mrs. Lucas, of Moulton,
for poisoning her husband. Until 1820 the murder
of a man by his wife, of a master by his servant,
and of an ecclesiastic by an inferior, was petit
treason, the punishment of which was regarded as
more severe than for ordinary murder. If the
culprit was a man, he was to be "drawn" to the
place of execution, and there hanged ; if a woman,
she was to be drawn to the place of execution, and
there burned. Mrs. Lucas's crime was petit
treason, and she suffered accordingly. She was
drawn on a wooden platform, trailed by a horse, to
Hunsbury Hill, and there, tied to the stake, she

SXECTJTIONS IN NORTHAMPTON.

was burnt. Fourteen years later, when another
woman was burnt for a like offence, the spectators
were not taken so far. The execution took place
"on the left-hand side of the road leading to
Queen's Cross, near tho pits "—between the river
and Delapre Abbey. In the meantime, in 1636,
there was a triple execution on the permanent
gallows at Abington. Mr. John Barker, a woman
relative, and a servant were all executed for the
murder of an illegitimate child of the woman. In
1651 it is recorded **a knot of thieves broke into
the town," and, like their descendants of the
present day, they found themselves caught. One,
Leonard Bland by name, " was executed on a new
gallows made for him." It is to be hoped he appre-
ciated the honour. In 1655 another husband-poisOner
was executed. She was drawn on the sledge to
Boughton Green, and there burnt on July 18th. It
is probable that the executioner strangled her to
insensibility before consigning her to the flames.
The people were already getting more humane than
the law. But whatever their humanity their
credulity was rampant.

MoBE Witches.

The year 1674 saw Ann Foster executed as a
witch. Sho was an **old woman, who long had
been observed muttering to her self," and was
charged with bewitching *' a whole flock of
sheep," horses, and cattle, of Joseph Weeden, a
" Bich and* substantial Grazier " of Eastcote; and
assisted by Satan, her Colleague" set his house and
bams on fire." No sooner was she brought to
Northampton Gaol "but the Keepers caused her to
be Chained to a Post that was in the Gaol ; but she
had not been long so tied before she began to swell
in all parts of her Body, that her Skin was ready to
burst, which caused her to cry out in a most'
lamentable manner, insomuch that they were
forced to Unchain her again, and to give her more
Liberty that the Devil might come to suck her,
the which he usually did, coming constantly about
the dead time of the night in the likeness of a Bat,
which at his coming, made a most lamentable and
hideous noise which affrighted the people which
did belong to the Gaol, which caused many to come
and see her during her abode there, and several
hath been with her when the Devil hath been
coming to her, but could see nothing but things
like Bats, and heard a most terrible noise."
Found guilty she was ordered to be hanged.
The pamphlet from which the above is quoted
concludes : " After Sentence of Death was passed
upon her, she mightily desired to be burned ;
but the Court would give no Ear to that, but that
she should be hanged at the Common place of
Execution, which accordingly was performed on
Saturday last being the 22th of this Instant August."
In 1705 two more witches were execut'd, one of the
very latest, if not actually the latest but one
instance, of conviction for witchcraft in England.
It is generally supposed that the last execution for
witchery in this country was in 1682, but this proves
the contrary. The women, Elinor Shaw and Mary
Phillips, "two notorious witches," were char^red
with " Bewitching and Tormenting in a Diabolical
manner, the wife of Bobert Wise, of Benefield, till
she Dyed ; as also for Killing by Wit<jhcraft, and
wicked Facination, one Elizabeth Gorham, of Glap-
thom, a Child of about four Years of Age ; as also

EXECUTIONS IN NOBTHAWPTON.

for Bewitching to Death one Charles Ireland, of
South wick; and also for Killing several Horses,
Hogs, and Sheep, being the Goods of Matthew
Gorham, Father of the said Child aforesaid."
Chief of the evidence against them was that by two
constables who extorted a confession from the
two women. These men threatened the women
with death, " if they did not Confess, and promising
them to let them go if they would Confess. After
some little Whineing and Hanging about one
another's Necks " they both made a confession, and
were incontinently hurried off to Northampton
Gaol by the hypocritical constables. When con-
fronted with the " Confession " in Court they
denied it " and thereupon made such a Howling
and lamentable Noise as never was heard before,
to the amazement of the whole Court." The
" Amazed Court," however, "was pleased to pro-
nounce Sentence of Death," that is to say, "To be
Hang'd till they are almost Dead, and then
surrounded with Faggots, Pitch, and other Com-
bustable matter, which being set on Fire, their
bodies are to be consumed to Ashes." The
execution is thus described in a broadsheet of the
time : " They were so hardened in their wickedness
that the7 publicly boasted that their master
(meaning the Devil) would not suffer them to be
executed, but they found him Iyer, for on Saturday
morning, being the 17th inst., they were canied to
the gallows on the north side of the town, whither
numerous crowds of people went to see them die, and
being come to the place of execution the minister
repeated his former pious endeavours, to bring
them to a sence of their sins, but to as little pur-
pose as before ; for instead of calling on God for
mercy, nothing was heard of them but damning
and cursing; however, a little before they were
ty'd up, at the request of the minister, Ellinor
Shaw confessed not only the crime for which she
dyed, but openly declared before them all how she
first became a witch, as did also Mary Phillips ;
and being desired to say their prayers, they both
set up a very loud laughter, calling for the devil to
come and help them in such a blasphemous manner
as is not fit to mention ; so that the sheriff, seeing
their presumptions impenitence, caused them to be
executed with all the expedition possible, even
while they were cursing and raving i and as they
liv'd the devils true factors, so they resolutely dyed
in his service to the terror of all people who were
eye witnesses of their dreadful and amazing exits.
So that being hang'd till they were almost dead,
the fire was put to the straw, faggots, and other
combustable matter, till they were burnt to ashes."
It is a curious fact that in the overseers accounts
for the parish of St. Giles', Northampton, there is
an item of expenses for faggots bought for this
burning.

A Batch of Mubdebs.
In 1715 we have the record of another husband
poisoner, Elizabeth Trasler, of Badby, being
strangled and then burnt on Northampton Heath —
the Racecourse. From 1720 onward we have in the
pages of the "Northampton Mercury" a pretty
full list of executions. In 1724 Richard Snarey was
executed for wife murder ; and on March 21st, 1729,
Samuel Adams, of Towcester, for the robbery and
"inhuman murder" of Philip Bevins, of Stoney
Stratford, a gardener. In 1730 Benjamin Frier wjis
hanged for highway robbery. On March 26th, 1731,

EXECUTIONS IN NORTHAMPTON.

William Walker was executed for the murder of
John Hull at the Toll House, St. James*s-end,
^Northampton ; and John Woodroff, for burglary.
At "the usual place of execution," the present
Racecourse, Walker, who had been in Lord
Cobham's Besriment of Horse, made a long speech,
in which he endeavoured to show that the evidence
against him was all false. He admitted, however,
that he was the actual murderer, and boasted that
he had no fear of death. Woodruff, who, too, was
a soldier, "had little to say for himself, but hoped
his shameful End would be a Warning to the
Spectators." The ropes "being put about their
Kecks, they saluted each other, and repeated the
Lord's Prayer with a loud voice, after which, as
they were praying earnestly, the Cart drew away,"
leaving them suspended in mid air.

A Bravado's Death.
On March 10th, 1732, two men were executed, one
for robbing Gharwelton Church, and the other for
housebreaking ; and on March 9th of the following
year William Allcock was hanged for the murder
of his wife. The "Northampton Mercury" says
of him : " He never own'd the Fact, neither had
he any Concern on him on Account of his approach-
ing Death, from the Time of his Sentence to his
last Moments, constantly affecting a Resolution,
or as he call'd it, a Shew of Manhood far beyond
Words to express or Imagination to conceive : He
would never suffer any Person to discourse with
him, and always refused their or any other Persons
T*rayers, coveting promiscuous Conversation and
Company, continually craving after Liquors; and
on the Morning of his Execution, when he had
drank, by one Means or other, rather more than
was sufficient for one in his Circumstances, pri-
vately sent and paid for a Pint of Wine, which
being doDy'd him, he insisted on the Hardship of
the Usage he met with, and demanded and had his
Money return'd to him again, before he would
enter the Cart ; On his way to the fatal Tree, he
sang Part of an old Song of Robin Hood, with the
Chorus Derry, derry, down, &c. and swore ; kick'd
and spurn'd at every Person that laid bold of the
Cart; and before he was turn'd off, took off his
Shoes, to avoid a well known Proverb, declar'd the
Injustice of his Case from the Witnesses against
him, as well as exclaiming against both Judge and
Jury, all of whom he protested an utter Abhor-
rence of having so much as one single Thought of
forgiving or dying in peace with."

Three Women— By "Fagoot and Gallows."

In 1735 two women were executed on Northamp-
ton Heath — Elizabeth Fawson, of Weston-by-
Weedon, for poisoning her husband, and Elizabeth
Wilkerson, for picking a farmer's pocket of thirty
shillings. This double execution was one of the
most horrible sights ever witnessed in the town.
Thousands of people went to the Heath to see it.
Wilkerson was hanged in the orthodox fashion, that
is, the rope affixed to a cross-beam was put round
her neck as she was standing on a cart, and the cart
was withdrawn, leaving her dangling and strangling
a few feet above ground. With the husband-
poisoner it was otherwise. Instead of being driven
to the place of execution in a cart, she was dragged
on a sledge. When the Heath was reached, says a
broadsheet printed at the "Mercury" Office, "she

EXECUTIONS IN NORTHAMPTON.

privately requested an attending officer that she
might be quite dead before the fire was lighted j
and, being fixed to the stake, and the rope about
her neck for some small time, she desired again to
be despatched, and* accordingly the stool was drawn
from under her, and the fire being lighted as
directed, in about two or three hours she was entirely
consumed." The next execution, on Autrust 20th,
1736, was also that of a woman, Mary Hadon, for
poisoning her mother. In the following year two
men suffered death for highway robbery; and on
March 22nd, John Cotton was hanged for the
murder of his child. After hanging the orthodox
hour on the gallows, the body had irons ri vetted
around it, making a kind of cage, and was carried
to Paulerspury, where, on another gallows erected
on the Common, it was hung as a terror to the
countryside.

A Sensational Case.
On April 3rd, 1741, Bryan Council, an Irish
Boman Catholic, was executed at Northampton for
the murder of Kichard Brimley, a butoher of I ois
Weedon, two years previously, on April 4th, 1739.
Connell was not arrested until the i^^eptember of
the year following the murder, when he was appre-
hended in London. The victim had his head all
but severed from his body; and the murder was
canvassed in every newspaper in the country. The
culprit seems to nave been a man with rich connec-
tions, and every effort was made to save his life.
Even the good Dr. Doddridge took his part. Here
is an account from a London newspaper side by
side with an extract from Orton*s " Memoirs of Dr.
Doddridge " :—

It appeared [at the Trial]
that he, with^ seme other
Persons not jet taken, gave
him 14 or 15 Wounds, and
cut off his Head, so that it
hung only by some Sinews.
And Elizabeth Watson, who
was Evidence for the King,
gave her Testimony so
clearly, that the Jadge and
all the Hearers wore per-
fectly satisfied. Besides
which, the Persons at whose
Houses the Murderers lay
appeared in Court, to tes-
tify that they were there
the Night before the
Murder, and brought some
of the Murderer's Goods
which had been left there.
There were at Northampton
some Newgate SolUcitors,
and other infamous Persons
(of which Col. De Veil had
i<iotice) and who were well
known to him, who came to
attend the Tryal of Bryan
Connell, to swear him else-
where at the Time of the
Murder, and to give him a
good Character: but their
own being so well known to
the Colonel (tho' ten in Num-
ber) not one appeared in
Court. — Newspaper report.

The Evidence against him
at the Trial seemed full and
strong; but it chiefly de-
pended on the Credit of an
infamous Woman, who
owned she had lived with
him in Adultery some Years.
. . . The Prisoner told a
long Story of himself ; but
it was so ill-supported that,
I imagine, no one Pei*son in
Court believed it. I visited
him after his Conviction,
with a compassionate View
to his eternal Concerns ; but
instead of being able, by any
Eemonstrances, to persuade
him to confess the Fact, I
found him fixed in a most
resolute denial of it. . . .
I was so struck with the
Affair that I obtained Time
of the Under-Sheriff to make
Enquiry into the Truth of
what he had told me.
Having sent a wise and
faithful Friend to Whit-
church and Chester, to
examine the Evidence he
appealed to, 1 found every
Circumstance which the
Convict had asserted proved,
and the concurrent Testi-
mony of five credible Per-
sons attested, that he ^asin
Cheshire when the Murther
was committed. — Dr,
Poddridge.

8 EXECUTIONS IN NOBTHAMPTON.

The execution took place on Northampton Heath
(Bacecourse) in the presence of an Immense grather-
ing. To the last the culprit strenuously denied his
guilt. After the execution, the- body, pursuant to
the sentence, was removed to Weedon Common,
near the scene of the tra«redy, and there it was hung
in chains on a gibbet, within sight of the door of
his mother's house. For months the rotting corpse
swayed in the wind, and the rattle of the chains was
supposed to be a constant^ ever presei^t warning to
the evil.

A BiOT AT Xettbrinq.

Next we come to 1743, when two men, William
Porter and William Attenborough were hanged for
murder in connection with a *'riot " at Kettering.
Some disturbance took place there on September
21st, 1742, with the result that Benjamin Meadows
was killed " at the Blackamoor's Head." Both
Porter and Attenborough were found guilty, and
were sentenced to death. Attenborough seems to
have had wealthy connections in London, and
extraordinary efforts were made to obtain a re-
prieve. All they succeeded in doing, however, was
to postpone the execution for fifteen days. Porter
was hanged on the Bacecourse on March 11th.
Instead of riding to the place of execution, he
walked, and as was the fashion of the time, he was
probably supplied with drink at the last inn on the
wajr — the Bantam Cock on Abington-square. He
"died very penitently." Attenborough was executed
on the 26th. He '* behav'd with great Courage and
Intrepidity, and was very penitent, but deny'd his
being in any Shape guilty of the Murder."

Hanoino Boys.

On August 9th Joseph Goodman was executed for
highway robbery, and on March 17th, 1749, Joseph
Elliott and William Lamb were hanged for highway
robbery at Deanshanger. In 1750 two men and a
boy of 17 only were executed for similar offences.
In August, 1754, a boy named William Love was
hanged for stealing money out of a house at
Wellingborough .

MoBB Terrors fob Murderers.

Two years before this, in 1752, an Act was passed,
whereby additional terrors were ordained for
murderers. The Statute, after reciting " that the
horrid crime of murder has of late been more
frequently perpetrated than formerly," enacted
that persons convicted of murder should be
executed on the next day but one after the sen-
tence of death was passed, that the body bhould
be given to the surgeons " to be anatomized," or
hung in chains ; and that the prisoner be fed on
bread and water only after being sentenced. The
first conviction at Northampton for murder after
this Act was at the Assizes in March, 1759. A
young single woman, named Ann Loale, was found
guilty of child murder ; and at the same Assizes
John 1^'orward was convicted of forgery, Bichard
Alcock of horse-stealing, and William Smart of
returning from transportation. All four were
sentenced to death. The woman's case came under
the new Act, and after her bread and water diet for
36 hours, she was hurried off to execution on Maich
31st. She died " with great Fortitude and Com-
posure," and laid the crime on her master. Two of
the three men were executed on April 6th^ Smart,

SXBCUTIONS IN NORTHAMPTON.

who said he was "pressed" back, being allowed
"three weeks to make it appear." He did liot
succeed, and on April 28th was hanged likewise. In
Angast of the same year there was a fifth execution,
that of Sichard Dove, who had also illegally re-
turned from transportation.

Six in One Year.

In 1764 six men were executed. The first was
Thomas Seamark for highway robbery. " He made
no confession of his confederates," says the *' North-
ampton Mercury " of April 30th, 1764, " being almost
dead before he was carried to the Place of Execu-
tion." Kussell Eowledge, for highway robbery near
Scald well, ought to have been executed the same
day, but respited for a fortnight, apparently because
"he persisted in his Ignorance of the Fact for
which he suffered to his last Moments." The third
execution was of three men on August 4th "for a
cruel and barbarous murder committed on the
body of a travelling pedlar at a place called
Catslo-house, Guilsborough, some time between
Michaelmas and Christmas 1763." The sixth man
was executed on Augubt 10th for highway robbery.
In 1770 two men were hanged together for highway
robbery with violence at Kingsthorpe, and in 1775
two more men were executed, one for forgery and
one for burglary. On March 8th, 1784, Elizabeth
Nokes, a single woman, was hurried to execution
after conviction for the murder of her illegitimate
offspring, and a fortnight later a man was hanged
for wounding another. In March of the following
year two men were hanged for horse-stealing.

An Innocent Man Hanged.

In August 1785, James Tarry, John Smith, and
Richard Kelley were hanged, the first-named for
robbing William Adams, of Brackley, a man without
legs. " Tarry uniformly persisted in denying the
Robbery from the Time of his Commitment to the
last Moment of his Life j and at the place of Execu-
tion desired the spectators to remember his dying
Words, that he knew nothing of the Rohheryfor which
he sufered, nor had any Concern with any oth&r Per-
son either in public or private about it. And indeed
such was the tenor of his conduct throughout the
last trying scene, that those who witnessed his exit
were impressed with the strongest conviction of his
Innocence." Two years later, when six members
of the Culworth gang were executed, two of them
confessed that Tarry was innocent and that the
robbery was the sole work of three of their gang.

The Colworth Gano.

Next we have the execution on August 3rd, 1787,
of the celebrated " Culworth Gang," six men con-
victed of housebreakings and robberies in the
southern portion of the county. ' One of them,
John Smith, past the prime of life, was a man of
some education. He wrote a penitent letter to his
wife, desired his son William to make his coffin,
and added in a postscript :

My Dear, desire my Son John to marry Elizabeth
Beard, and be^ of him to be good to her and the Child,
and take wammg by me that they may live in Comfort.
I desire you will take care of these lines, and cause them
to be read to all my Children every Sabbath Day ; and I
hope that God will give them Grace to take warning— it
is the Prayer of a dying Father.

10 EXECUTIONS IN NORTHAMPTON.

^ " On the fatal morning," says a broadsheet of the
time. " (having received the Sacrament, and taken
their last Farewell of their Friends) they were put
into two Carts, and conveyed from gaol a little after
Ten o'clock, to the Place of Execution j where their
Behaviour was very suitable for Persons in their
unhappy Situation. After hanging the usual time;
their bodies were delivered to their Friends. The
Concourse of Persons who attended the Ex cution
was very great." In 1789 there was a burglary at
the house of Mr. Nethercoat, of Braybrook, £1,500
in money and notes being stolen. For this, Thomas
Underwood was executed on March 27th of that
year.^ The day before his execution. Underwood
cut his throat with a razor ; but the wound was not
serious enough to postpone the hanging.

A Case foe all the Judges.

On August 18th, 1789, Thomas Gordon was hanged
for the murder of George Linnell, the parish
constable of Pattishall, on July 24th, 1788. This
was one of the most remarkable of Northampton-
shire murder cases. Linnell was going to the house
of Francis Gordon to execute a warrant. Thomas,
the son of Francis Gordon, saw him coning, and
threatened him or any one else with death that
approached the house. Winifred Gordon, the wife
of Francis, at the same time shut the door, and
going upstairs, cried out to her son, "F.re ! Fire at
them ! " " upon which he discharged the Gun and
Killed the Constable." Both were tried at the
ensuing Assizes, and both were found guilt;^. An
important question of law, however, was raised on
benalf of the woman— whether she could be legally
charged, in an indictment, with being both a
principal and an accessory before the fact. Mr.
Baron Thompson reserved the point, which was
argued before "all the judges of England, except
Mr. Baron Hotham," on June 24th, 1789. Their
decision was not made known until the following
Assizes, when Thomas Gordon was sentenced to be
hanged, and a fresh trial was ordered in the case of
his mother. Thomas's execution was fixed for Mon-
day, Aug. 3rd, but about three o'clock that morning a
mounted King's Messenger, who had been riding
all night, arrived at the County Goal with a fourteen
days' respite. Hopes, however, of a reprieve were
doomed to disappointment, the execution took
place on August 18th. Gordon was taken to the
racecourse in a Mourning Coach. After some time
spent in prayer (which was perform'd in the coach)
he stept into a cart which stood under the Gallows.
After being tied up by the executioner, he addressed
the spectators to the following purport : " Gentle-
men, I am now going to suffer for the Murder of
this Man, and my Mother is shortly to be tried
again for the. same offence. I declare in the
Presence of God, before whom I am now going to
appear, that she never ordered me to tire,. nor was
she in the Boom with me at the Time. That's all
I have to say. 'J'he usual matters being then
adjusted, he gave the signal by dropping a Hat, and
was launched into Eternity." In 1792 two men of
Long Buckby, named Cross and Smith, were hanged
for robbing and wounding a Great Brington Man,
named Richard Manning. In 1794 Benjamin Pearce
similarly suffered for leather stealing at Stoke
Bruerne.

EXECUTIONS IN NORTHAJffPTON. 11

MOBE MiTBDEBS.

On July 31st, 1801, William Walters, aXias Blue-
skin, and William Hig^erson, were executed for
theft. They also were taken to the Racecourse in a
mourning coach. On March 20th, 1807, Robert
Stafford, of Telvertoft, was hanged at the same
place for the attempted murder of his wife, by
poisoning. He hadlived with her *' in goodharmony '
until the tempter, another syren, crossed his village
path. His wife was in the way, and he tried to
poison her. As there had not been an execution in
Northampton for more than six years, thousands
of people attended on the Racecourse, and were
gratified with a " dying speech " from the culprit,
who counselled all to avoid " Sabbath breaking, bad
habits, and vicious connections." Next came the
execution on March 9th, 1812, of William Jones, of
the 48th, for the murder of Samuel Leesat Weedon
Barracks, by stabbing him. At the gallows the
culprit spent a few minutes in prayer, and then
advised the thousands who had come to see him
killed to avoid drunkenness and passion. It is
recorded in this case that the body was, in accord-
ance with the Act of 1752, handed over to the
surgeons to be " anatomised."

The Robbery of the Leeds Mail.

The following year, on August 13th, we come to
the execution of Huffham White and Robert
Kendall, for the robbery of the Leeds Mail on
October 26th, 1812. The two men and a woman
were put on their trial; an immense number of
witnesses were examined, the case being one of
circumstantial evidence; the men were found
guilty, and were sentenced to death ; and the
woman was acquitted. We believe the report of
the trial for the " Northampton Mercury " was
written by Mr. Charles Markham, the father of
the present Clerk of the Peace for the county.
Ix>ng before the execution, a feeling of sympathy
was aroused for Kendall. White, when sentenced,
said : " My lord, 1 hope you will have mercy on
Kendall, for he was not the man who robbed the
mail." The Rev. W. P. Davies, " minister of the
Methodist (Salem) Chapel, Wellingborough," went
over to Northampton Gaol especially to give
Kendall spiritual help. He thoroughly believed in
Kendall's innocence of this crime ; and before the
execution was perfectly satisfied that Kendall was
converted and one of the redeemed. He said so in
a pamphlet and an acrimonious theological discus-
sion followed. As the different pamphlets were
issued at Is. and Is. 6d. each it is to be presumed
someone made a profit out of the quarrel. But the
execution took place just the same ; and the crowds
were said to be the most numerous that had ever
gathered in the town. Kendall protested his
innocence to the last, and made a speech to that
effect when under the gallows. White, on the
other hand, acknowledged his guilt, and main-
tained to the end that Kendall was innocent.
White showed no fear of death, and " discovered
the utmost contempt for everything serious and
sacred; and more than once expressed his dis-
appropriation at the delay occasioned by the
Chaplain in the performance of his duty."

12 EXECUTIONS IN NORTHAMPTON.

End of the Baoecoubse Gallows.

On July 23rd, 1814, Thomas Morris was publicly
executed for the brutal murder of his wife at
Aston-le-Walls. On July 28th, 1815, a man was
executed for sheep stealing at Duston ; and on
March 27th, 1818, two men. who declared their
innocence to the last, were hanged, this double
performance being the last execution on the Kace-
course. The immense and always increasing
crowds that went out of Northampton to see the
executions were getting too large and too unruly,
and the march of the condemned through the
public streets was not in accordance with the
growing sentiment of the people. So a new arrange-
ment was made. Thereafter executions took place
at the County Gaol, at the rear of the County Hall.

The New Drop.

The first execution at the new gallows was in 1819.
These gallows were a permanent erection high in
the air at the back of the gaol. They could be seen
from almost all parts of the Cow Meadows. When
an execution took place all the lanes and roads in
the vicinity were crowded, and thousands congre-
gated in the Meadows. Of course, with a permanent
gallows in the prison, a new arrangement was re-
quired in the place of the old fashioned cart from
which the culprits were "turned off." ihe trap
door was introduced, and from this circumstance
the new gallows got the name of the " New Drop."
It was very commodious, and it was said when
it was completed that it would hang twenty at
once " quite comfortably." It was put i o a fair test
on Friday, March 19th, 1819, when five men were
hanged there for house-breaking at Preston Deanery.
The concourse of people was immense, sightseers
trooping in from all parts of the neighbourhood,
some even walking from Kettering and Market
Harborough. Everything, as far as the hanging
was concerned, was most successful, everything
passed off satisfactorily. On August 6th of the
same year, Richard Lilleyman was executed at the
same place, for staok-iiring at Holcot. In 1821 three
persons were executed on the New Drop, a man
and a woman on March 8th, and a man on the 23rd.
The two first were Philip Haynes and Mary Clarke,
who were found guilty of the murder of Clarke's
husband at Charwel ton. The victim was a farmer
of wealth and reputation, living at Charwell House.
When near a rick he was shot in the arm, and died
a few days later. Haynes was proved to have shot
the deceased, and the woman was proved to have
instigated it j and both confessed before they were
executed. The object of the outrage was to
get the farmer out of the way, in order
that the man and woman could live to-
gether. The son and daughter of the wo-
man visited her the morning of the execution,
which, in accordance with the Act already referred
to, and the provisions of which were re-enacted in
1820, was hurried on within 48 hours of the sentence.
Both the prisoners were silent at the gallows ; and
after the statutory hour the bodies were taken to
the Northampton Infirmarv for ** anatomizing."
The following year, on March 22nd, George Julyan,
alias Jellings, was executed for sheep stealing at
Brigstock. The moment Jellings was clapped in
gaol he came to the conclusion he had better turn

EXECUTIONS IN NORTHAMPTON. 13

over a new leaf. He became orderly in conversation
and pious in behaviour, and received sentence of
deatn without a murmur. " He paid srreat attention
to the prayers offered for him at the place of
execution, and appeared to be in a very serious and
pious frame, frequently expressing himself in
strong ejaculations to God for the pardon of his
transgressions, and to enable him to meet his fate
with Christian fortitude." On August 2nd of the
same year (1822) three young men of Wellingborough
were executed for rape at Bozeat. In all, six had
been charged with the offence ; one was acquitted,
and two (aged 18 and 17), who had been sentenced
to death, were reprieved on account of their
youth. The youngest of the three executed
made a speech to the great multitude assembled
below, and ''particularly warned his companions
and others of Wellingborough, in the habit of
leading dissolute lives, to desist from pursuing a
couise of wickedness, which, if persevered in,
sooner or later must terminate in their destruc-
tion."

Captain Slash.

In July, 1825, William Longlow was executed for
sheep stealing; and then we come to '* Captain
Slash," who for his well-remembered frenziea out-
burst at Boughton Green Fair was executed on
July 21st, 1826. Says the " Northampton Mercury "
of the following day : —

Since his conviction he has been far from evincing
any sign of real penitence : but on the contrary, he till
very lately appeared to hrave his approaching fate. The
Kev. W. Drake, the gaol chaplain, who had been un-
remitting in his attentions to the wretched man, adminis-
tered the sacrament to him previous to his ascending the
fatal drop. During this solemn ceremony he cried and
sobbed most bitterly ; and occasionally wringing his hands
and beating his breast, called upon God for mercy. He
joined in the responses, and several times repeated
the words after the Minister when they appeared
applicable to his awful circumstances. When the
Bev. Gtentleman had concluded the service, Catherall
took him by the hand, and said, that he was now prepared
to die, and felt that he eould die happy. As he was
returning from the chapel he recognized T. S. W.
Samwell, Esq., of Upton Hall, who committed him for
trial. He expressed the hope to Mr. Samwell that thev
should meet again in Heaven. He also said, that though
he was come to the gallows he was born a gentleman ;
that it was neither his friends nor his enemies that had
brought him to this situation, but his own crimes. When
he hatl arrived on the drop he calmly surveyed the vast
concourse that had assembled to witness his execution. He
did not address a single word to the crowd. When the
rope was adjusted round his neck, and just before the cap
was drawn over his face, he threw his shoes from off his
feet among the* crowd. This we believe was done in
consequence of a vulgar expression made use of against a
depraved character, ** that he will die with his shoes on,"
meaning that the person will be hung. The moment he
gave the signal by letting fall his handkerchief, the. bolt
was withdrawn and the drop fell. His suffering ap^sared
to be very slight, and after struggling about two minutes
in a convulsive manner life was evidently extinct. . . .

. . . He was buried without any ceremony in St.
GUes' church yard, in this town, at three o'clock yesterday
afternoon.

In March 1830 a man was executed for rape, in 1831
another for arson, in 1832, a third for the murder of
a woman at Sibbertof t, and a fourth in 1834 for
arson at Guilsborough.

14 EXECUTIONS IN NORTHAMPTON.

Mrs. Pinckard.

The next execution is well within the memory of
a larffe proportion of living Northamptonians. It
is that of Mrs. Elizabeth Pinckard, han^red on March
16th, 1852, for the murder of her mother-in-law at
Burnt Walls near Daventry. On the Friday pre-
vious thousands assembled to see the execution,
and went awa^ disappointed. The execution itself
is described m the " Northampton Mercury " of
March 20th, 1852:—

On the fatal morninfir she attended prayers in the
ehapel, and when the hymn was sunpr, her voice was
heard above the rest, and firmer than any. The
last verse she repeated of her own accord. In the
pmioningr room she offered np an extempore prayer,
with (Treat fervour and distinctness. At her own
request, the cap was drawn over her eyes before she
went up to the drop ; but her remarkable firmness
and self possession continued to the last, and as she
ascended the steps, happening to tread on her dress, she
raised it as well as she could with her pinioned handn, and
went on without further assistance. She stood quietly and
firmly on the fatal spot in which she was placed by Galcraft,
tiie executioner, and the bolt was struck immediately after,
the fall was considerable, and death ensued in a few
seconds. . Notwithstanding the care that had been taken
to keep the day on which the execution was to take place
from the knowledge of the public : the fact that one dis-
appointment had already occurred, and that the London
papers had announced to-day (Saturday), as well as
Tuesday, for the event, the number of persons assembled
to witness the ghastly spectacle was immense. Groups
tlpon groups, young and old, male and female, poured in
from all parts ot the surrounding country at a very early
hour, and when the drop fell there could scarcely have
been less than ten thousand people watching it. We are
bound to say that their conduct was remarkably orderly
and decorous. A shriek was heard in many parts of the
crowd at the fatal moment, and an impression is abroad
that it came from the unhappy prisoner. Nothing of the
kind, however, escaped her lips.

Executed in Private.

The first private execution in Northampton was
that of Kichard Addington for the murder of his
wife at Holcot. The execution took place in the
prison yard of the old County Gaol, Angel
Lane, on July 31st, 1871. Galcraft was the execu-
tioner; the culprit was weak and nervous, and
the execution lasted only a few brief minutes.

Thomas Chamberlain.

Three years later, on March 30th, 1874, Thomas
Chamberlain, a tollgate keeper, of Wood Burcote,
was executed at the same place for the murder of
John Cox Newitt, an aged farmer. Apparently
Chamberlain did the horrible murder from a sheer
cold-blooded desire to kill somebody. After his
conviction he said it would take "five or six parsons
to change me." When told early on the morning
of the execution that his time had arrived, he
said," Yes, I know that ; I never felt better in my
life !" Chamberlain was stolidly indifferent t* the
last, said nothing whatever, aud was so impassive
that Marwood, the executioner, said that he never
saw a man who met death in so careless and
unconcerned a manner ; he added, "The man must
haye been q. monster,"

EXBCUTIONS IN NORTHAMPTON. 15

SSBasANT Bybnb.

Then followed the execution, on November
12th, 1878, of Sergeant Patrick John Byrne, who
murdered two comrades of the Northamptonshire
Militia, at the Militia Stores, Northampton, on
Sept. 3rd. lliis execution took place in the then
Borough Gaol— the Gaol on the Mounts— and was
strictly private, no pressman being admitted. It
was thus the first execution in the town from which
the public and their representatives were shut out.
Bryne, who was in drink when he committed the
murders, died very penitent and firm in the Soman
faith. The execution, the first recorded in North-
ampton for a double murder, was expeditiously
performed. Bryne left behind him ''a sheet of
note paper, on which he had confessed the justice
of his sentence, and prayed, not only for the
forgiveness of God, but of all those whom his
actions had wronged, and for God's blessing upon
them all. His conduct was most touching.''

ClECUMBTANTlAL EVIDENCE.

Andrew George MacBae was hanged at her
Majesty's Gaol on the Mounts on Tuesday morning,
January 10th, 1893, for the murder of his paramour,
Annie Pritchard, a Birmingham woman. The case
excited the greatest interest throughout the
country owing to several remarkable features, the
mutilation of the body, the disappearance of the
head and arms, the absence of any direct evidence
connecting MacRae with the crime, and the break-
down of the trial at the Assizes. According to the
eyidence of the 46 witnesses called at the trial,
MacKae was the Northampton manager for his
brother, who was in a fair way of business as a
bacon salesman at Northampton, Daventry, and
other market places. The brother had a warehouse
in Dychurch-lane, Northampton, of which the
culprit had the key. MacBae left his wife and two
children in Birmingham, and took lodgings in North-
ampton, afterwards aiTanging for an old friend of
the family, the victim, to come over to Northampton
and live with him. She did so, telling her friends
she was off to America with her old lover, Guy
Anderson. MacEae and Miss Pritchard lived in
Northampton together until a month after a child
was born, when on July 20th, 1892, they left their
lodgings. Neither mother nor babe was seen after-
wards, but MacBae begsCn at once to dispose of the
clothing and other property of the woman. On
August 7th the body of a woman, without head and
arms, was found in a ditch in the parish of East
Haddon. It was in a terrible state of putrefaction.
There was little clothing on the body, and on one
of the wrappers in which it was packed was a label
with the brother's name on. This label ultimately
led to the prisoner's arrest. On the Dychurch-lane
warehouse being searched some burnt human finger
bones were found in the co[)per fire place, and some
human hairs in the copper itself. But beyond these
there was no trace of either head, arms, or babe ;
and no indications whatever of the commission of
any crime. The Assizes opened on November I6th,
before Mr. Justice Kennedy, and the trial of the
prisoner commenced on Thursday, the 18th. At the
luncheon interval that day one of the jurors left the
Court, contrary to the law in cases of felony j and
the Judge postponed the trial and fined the juror

16 EXECUTIONS IN NORTHAMPTON.

£50. The adjourned Assizes commenced on Tuesday,
December 20th, and occupied that and the four
following days. It was exactly nine o'clock on
Saturday night, Christmas Eve., that the jury, after
an hour and a half's deliberation, found a verdict of
guilty. The prisoner dramatically replied to the
jury that they were each and every one of them,
what they had by their verdict called him, a mur-
derer. On the morning of the execution, about a
quarter of an hour before the time fixed, the Under
Sheriff, Mr. H. W. K. Markham visited the prisoner
in his cell, and asked the culprit whether there was
anything he would like to say. " No," was the
cold reply, *' why should I ? " and turning to the
chaplain he added, '* I think it a piece of impertin-
ence to ask me such a question ! The execution
took place in private, save for the presence of
officials, and four reporters. Billington was the
executioner. The prisoner walked with a firm step
to the gallows, nodded to and smiled at the reporters
as he passed them, and quietly suffered the hang-
man to put the rope round his neck and the cap
over his face. A drop was allowed of seven feet
six inches, and death was instantaneous. When
the black flag was hoisted a cheer rose from^ the
crowd of 8,000 or 10,000 assembled outside the
prison.

LOCAL EXECUTIONS

THE 19th century.

A DOUBLE Execution.
At the July Assizes in the first year of the century no less
than 13 prisoners were capitally convicted and received
sentence of death. Eleven of these were reprieved before the
Judge left the town, and two only were executed — William
Walters, alias Waters, alias Blueskin, for stealing a bay
gelding, the property of one John Wright, of Northampton ;
and William Higgerson (removed from Aylesbury Goal by
Habeas Corpus), tor stealing 11 sheep out of Hart well Field,
the property of Thomas Barker, of Roade. On Friday, the
31st July, they were taken in a mourning coach to the place
of execution, where their behaviour is described as " such as
became persons in their unhappy situation ; and they were
launched into eternity amid a large concourse of spectators.
Higgason left in his cell a written paper (which he desired
might be published), in which he acknowledged his own
guilt, but solemnly protested that John Webb, who was
suspected of having been concerned with him in this and
similar offences, was perfectly innocent of the same. Walters
did not make any particular confession, but acknowledged
that he had been guilty of many offences against the laws of
his country. Walters was a native of Staffordshire; and
Higgason, of Hanslope, Bucks."

Executions at Peterborough.
The next three capital sentences were carried out at Peter-
borough. The first was on Monday, the 14th February, 1803,
when Thomas Pridgeon was executed for stealing a cow, the
property of Benjamin Vinter, Esq. He is reported to have
made no confession at the place of execution, but was
understood to have acknowleged the justice of his sentence
while in prison. Two years later, on the 27th May,
1805, over 3,000 people witnessed the execution of John
Bellamy, who had been sentenced to death for rape.
The following is a contemporary description of the event :—
"The unfortunate man, since bis condemnation, has con-
ducted himself with the greatest decorum and devotion, and
died perfectly resigned. Although he remained in prison
more than three weeks intervening the passing and execution
of his sentence, he steadily refused all liquour which, through
humanity, the gaoler or other persons proferred him, alledging
' drinking had been his enemy, and he was determined to take
no more.'— On Sunday morning preceding his execution, by
far the largest congregration ever remembered at Peter-
borough, assembled in the Cathedral to hear the condemned
sermon, which was delivered by Mr. Madan, son of the
Lord Bishop of the Diocese from the 1st Epistle of
St. John c. 1, V. 9, in the most eloquent and impressive
manner.— At ten o'clock on Monday morning the Rev. Mr.
Weddred, curate of Peterborough, administered the Sacra-
ment to Bellamy, who received it with the most devout faith
and resignation. Shortly after, the melancholy procession
from the gaol to the place of execution commenced, which
was followed by upwards of 3,000 spectators. After the cap
had been drawn over his face, Bellamy requested it to be
pulled up again ; which being done, he addressed the sur-
rounding multitude, acknowledging the justice of his sentence,
and exhorting them to let his example operate to their advan-
tage. Immediately afterwards he was launched into eternity."
The next date, the 10th October, 180(5, is noticeable from the
fact that it was the

2 THE 19th century

FIRST EXECUTION FOR MURDER

in the century, John Ward suffering the extreme penalty of
the law for murdering John Sisson, a farmer of Plicate,
near Stamford, by striking him with a wheat hook. In
the evening of Friday, the 15th of August, Mr. Sisson was
assisting his reapers, and urging them to cut as much com
that night as the light would permit. Some of them refused
to work longer, and one of them, by his insolence, so incensed
Mr. Sisson as to induce him to strike him, upon which the
son of the man (John Ward, of Sainton, who was also
employed in the field), immediately struck Mr. Sisson on the
side of the head with a wheat hook, which penetrated the
skulL Mr. Sisson died the following Wednesday, and Ward
was sentenced to death at the ensuing Quarter Sessions for
the Soke ot Peterborough. Oe was executed near the town,
and his body afterwards delivered for dissection The pris-
oner said nothing, we learn, in his defence, and scarcely
lifted his eyes during the trial. From the time of his com-
mitnient, however, he is said to have been deeply dejected,
and sensible of his melancholy situation.

Attempted Wife Murder at Yelvertoft.
On the 20th March, 1807, Robert Stafford was executed at
Northampton for attempting to poison his wife at Yelvertoft.
Stafford, who was a labourer, 2l6 years of age, had two or
three children by his wife *' with whom he lived in eood
harmony" until, having formed an undue acquaintance with a
young woman of the village, he formed the resolution of
poisoning his wife that he might " the more readily carry on his
criminal intercourse with the object of his misguided passion."
He, therefore, mixed the arsenic in the flour which he knew
his wife intended to make into bread, and also placed it in
tea, &c., but with no fatal effect. After his trial he exhibited
penitence, and at the place of execution acknowledged the
justice of his sentence, and exhorted the spectators to take
warning by his fate, and to avoid Sabbath- breaking, vicious
habits, and vicious connections, which had been the means of
bringing him to an ignominious end. The execution was
attended by a large concourse of spectators.

Fatal Quarrel at Weedon.

Five years later, on the 9th of March, 1812, and after a
week's respite William Jones, of the 48th Regiment of Foot,
was executed for the murder of Samuel Lees, of the same
Regiment, at Weedon Barracks. Whilst acknowledging the
justice of his sentence, the culpiit disclaimed all intention of
inflicting a mortal wound, and attributed the unhappy occur-
rence to inebriety and ungovernable rage." On Monday morn-
ing he received the sacrament previously to his being taken
from the gaol to the place of execution, where he spent a
short time in prayer, and in exhorting the surrounding
multitude, which was very great indeed, to take warning by
his unhappy fate, and particularly to guard against drunken-
ness and passion ; he was then launched into eternity,
and after hanging the usual time, his body was cut
down, and delivered to the surgeons for dissection." It
appears that in December of the preceding year Lees, who
was a drummer, and Jones had some words in the evening,
and that after they got to quarters, they went into the
barrack yard and fought. Afterwards Lees went up into
his room when Jones went to report him to the Sergeant of
the Guard. The Sergeant, with Jones, went to Lees' room,
when Jones rushed by the Sergeant and struck Lees on the
left side with a clasp knife, which entered three inches into
the body. The injured man was immediately taken to the
ho.spital, where he died about eleven o'clock the next
morning.

Another Peterborough Case.

On the 4th May, 1812, one D. T. Myers, described as •• a
tradesman of considerable property at Peterborough and
Stamford," was executed for an unnatural crime — one that
"excites the utmost horror and detestation and tends to

LOCAL EXECUTIONS.

brutalize the haman race." Mach intercession, we learn, had
been made on his behalf to the Prince Regent, bat without
effect. We have before us what purports to be a copy of a
paper written by D. T. Myers, two days previous to his execu-
tion, and left by him with a request that the same might be
made public after his death. It reads as follows :—

As I believe that Persons in my unhappy Situation aie
expected to say something at the Place of Execution, and
feeling that I shall not be able to do it,*I wish these my
Dying Words to be inserted in the Stamford Papers, and to
be made as public as possible. I confess that I am guilty of
the Grime for which I am about to suffer ; and for these and
all my Sins, I desire to repent before God with a broken
and contrite Heart. I forgive from the bottom of my
Soul, everyone who has wronged me, and I earnestly
pray to Almighty God that my uiUiinehj end inaif be a
ivarnitiff to others, who are vxilking in the name jmth.
Ob ! may my shameful Death put a stop to that dreadful
crime ! way thotse who have been Partakers with me in my
Crimea be brought to true rejjentaiice I ! I am a miserable
Sinner in the sight of God, and I am deservedly degraded in
the sight of M^n. But I commit my guilty polluteil Soul into
the hands of my Blessed Saviour, to be pardoned and cleansed
by him. And tho' I deserve nothing but punishment for my
Sins, I trust thro' the merits of my Redeemer, when I lenve
this wicked and miserable World, to be received into a World
of Purity and Peace.

Ah my Example
has led many into Sin, I hope these, my Dying Words, may
lead many to Repentance.

D. T. Myers.
Siyned in Peterborough Gaol, 2d of May, 1813.
In the Presence of
J. S. Pratt, Vicar of Peterborough,
John Atkinson, Clerk of the Peace,
Thos. Atkinson, Attorney, Peterborouch."

Robbery or i»he Leeds Mail.
Few public executions in the county have excited greater
attention than that of Huffham White and Robert Kendall,
which took place at Northampton on the 13th August, 1S13,
for robbing the Leeds mail coach on the 2t)th of the preceding
October. The concourse assembled to witness this scene was
said to be the most numerous that had hitherto been seen on
the ground on any occasion. Kendall had from the outset
persisted in asserting his innocence of being concerned in tho
rubbery ; and declared at the place of execution that he
should be a murdered man, in respect to the crime for which
he was about to suffer. He appealed to the populace on the
hardness of his case, saying that his life would be taken away
because he, unfortunately, was seen in the company of his
fellow sufferer on the night of the robbery previous to its
being committed, and on the morning after, but of which he
denied all knowledge. White showed no fear of death, and
•• particularly during the awful procession to, and at the place
of execution, he discovered the utmost contempt for every-
thing serious and sacred ; and more than once expressed
his disapprobation at the delay occasione*! by the Chaplain
in the performance of his duty." White also asserted the
innocence of Kendall, and after sentence of death was passed
he thus addressed the Judge — "My Lord, I hope you will
have mercy upon Kendall, for he was not the man who robbed
the mail." One Mary Howes, alia^i Mary Taylor, was
charged with them as an accomplice, but was acquitted. It
appears that on the night of Monday, October 2t)th, 1812, as
the Leeds mail coach was proceeding at a sharp pace between
Kettering and Uigham Ferrers the coachman spoke to the
guard, and not being able, or pretending not to hear what he
saiil in answer, requested that he would lean torwanls over
the coach. The guard did so, and continued about five
minutes in conversation with hiui— (a subsequent account
.states that the guard travelled between three and four miles
by the side of the coachman)— and on resuming his seat,

4 THE 19th century

found to bis astonishment, that the lock of the lid of the
hind part of the coach where the bags were deposited had
been forced. The coach was stopped, and it was then found
that sixteen mail bags were missing. On the Tuesday the
guard and two Bow-street oflScers were proceeding northwards
in the track of a light caravan, which, with three men of sus-
picious appearance, bad been seen in Bedford and other towns
on the route of the mail coach for several days pre-
vious to the robbery. In less than a fortnight arrests had
been made, and the persons named above committed
for their trial which ended in a double execution. Not a
few believed in Kendall's innocence, and for some time
a literary war waged over the conviction. There was issued
from the "Dicey" press a 30-page pamphlet, bearing the
title, ** A Brand Plucked Out of the Fire ; or, a Brief Account
of Robert Kendall (including a narrative written by himself)
in a letter to a Friend. By W. P. Davies." The profits of
the work were to be devoted to the widow. This pamphlet
led one " Laicus" to pen some "Observations on a Pamphlet
by the Rev. W. P. Davies." which were printed by J. Webb, of
Bedford. Further strictures on the pu»)licAtion of Mr. Davies—
who, by the way, is described as "Minister of the Methodist
(Salem) Chapel " at Wellingborough— were forthcoming from
the Rev. Edw. Griffin, A.B., curate of St. Nicholas', Notting-
ham. Mr. Davies thereupon issued, through Messrs. Dicey
and Smithson, " A Refutation of the Charges against the
Writer of Kendall's Narrative, by a County Magistrate, and
the Reverend E. Griffin. ..." But the literary war
over " The Robbery of the Leeds Mail " did not end here. If
formed the subject of " An Address to the Public occasioned
by the part of the Alleged • Refutation ' published by the
writer of Kendall's Narrative which relates to>i County Magis-
trate." In addition to the foregoing there was issued : "The Pre-
destined Thief ; or a Dialogue between a Calvanistic preacher
and a Thief condemned to the Gallows ; in which is repre-
sented, in a copy drawn as it were from the Life, the
Influence of Calvanistic Principles in producing Crimes and
Impieties of every sort, and the impediments placed by those
Principles in the Way of the Sinners' Repentance, and
Amendment of Life. [With an application to the recent case
of Robert Kendal, who was executed at Northampton, August
13, 1813."] Translated from the Original Latin which was
published in London in 1651 without either the author's or
printer's name.

The Aston-le- Walls Murder.
On Saturday, the 23rd July, 1814, Thomas Morris was
executed for the murder of his wife, Rachel Morris, which
took place at Aston-le-Walls early in April of the same year.
This was a most barbarous murder. The husband attacked
the woman with a spade, which he left sticking in her skull.
One ear had been hacked off, one eye cut out, and the head
was literally shattered by the repeated and heavy blows.
A short time previous to his leaving his cell to be conveyed
to the place of execution, he solemnly declared that he
murdered his wife from a premeditated resolution, having
deliberately gone down stairs to fetch up the spade with
which he committed the act. At the place of execution he
said that Sabbath breaking and drunkenness had brought him
to his untimely end.

Hung for sheep Stealing.
On the 28th of July the following year, Thomas Boyson was
executed for stealing nine sheep, the property of John Mawle,
of Duston. Previous to receiving the sacrament the morning
. before execution he confessed that, in addition to the crime
for which he was to suffer, some years ago he stole, at different
times, nineteen guineas from the box of a person who lodged
in his house, and eleven sheep from Mr. C. Hillyard, at his
farm at Milton, in the year 1810, when he was in his service
as shepherd. At the place of execution he is said to have ap-
peared very penitent, confessed the justice of his sentence,

LOCAL EXECUTIONS.

and exhorted the spectators, who were very numeroiiii, to take
warning by bis example.

The Last on the Racecouiise.
The next execution, that of James Cobbett and George
Wilkin, which took place on Friday, March 27th, ISIS, for
uttering forged notes, purporting to be notes of ihe H<-ink of
England, is noticeable as being the last to take place on the
Hacecoarse. Even at the place of execution thev denied
having any knowledge of the fact that the notes were forged,
- stating that they had taken them in payment for a horse at
Redbourn fair of Mr. Wenman, a dealer in London. A large
concourse assembled, as usual, to witness the scene.

"The New Drop."
Five at a Time.

At noon on Friday, March 19th, 1819, " the new drop at the
back of the County Gaol " was brought into requisition for
the first time, when William Minards, William George, Ben-
jamin Panther, Edward Porter, and John Taffs suffered the
law's extreme penalty for feloniously entering the dwelling-
house of Mr. W. Marriott, of Preston Deanery, and stealing
therefrom divers moneys and other articles, his property,
and putting the persons then in the house in fear of tlieir
lives. Many persons travelled a long distance to witness
the unusual spectacle. After hanging the usual time, the
bodies were taken down, those of Minards, Panther, and
Ta£Fs being delivered to their friends for interment, wliilst
George and Porter were buried in St. Giles' Churchyard. In
connection with this execution, the Dicey press produced a
1(5 page book, the title of which gives some particutars
of the culprits : — " An account of the trial of William
Minards, aged 27 ; William George, aged 21 ; and John Taffs.
aged 19 ; at the Lent Assizes for the county of Northampton,
1S91, before the Hon. Sir James Burrough, Knight, one of the
Justices of our Lord King, of his Court of Common Pleas ;
the said several Persons being charged with having feloni-
ously entered the dwelling-house of Mr. William Marriott, at
Preston Deanery, in the said county, and stealing, and taking
away therefrom, divers Moneys and other Articles, the Pro-
perty of the said Mr. Maniott, and puttings the Persons then
being therein in fear of their lives." Mr. F. Cordeux, of
Northampton, also printed and .sold a 12 page pamphlet,
entitled "Substance of the Trial of William Minards, William
George, Claude Barrois, and John Bar well, for Breaking into
the Dwelling House of George Smith, of Duaton Lodge, near
Northampton, in the night of the 13th April, 181S. Tried at
Northampton, Tuesday, July 9, 181S, before Sir Richard
Richards, Knight." They received sentence of death but
were all reprieved before the Judges left the town. In con-
nection with the above execution, Messrs. Dicey and Smith-
son also published '• A Dissuasive from Crimes, comprised in
Two Sermons : One Preached to the condemned prisoners, in
the chapel of the Gaol ; the other in St Giles's Church in
Northampton. By the Chaplain of the County (Jaol [William
Drake]."

Arson at Holcot.

On Friday, the 6th August, 1819, a man named Richard
Lilleyman was executeil on the new drop for setting fire to
two hay stacks, the property of Mr. John Diokins, at Holcot.
At the place of execution he exhorted the assembled crowd to
take warning by his unhappy fate, and *' after spending a
short time in prayer he was launched into eternity."

Murder at Charwelton.
At the Spring Assizes which ended on the 8th March, 1821,
sentence of death was passed on no less than 15 persons.
With three exceptions, however, all were reprieved. Two
days after the Asvsizes closed, on Saturuay, March lUth, the
.sentence was carried into effect on Philip Haynes and Mary
Clarke, for the murder of John Clarke, the husband of the
female culprit, at Charwelton. The murder was committed
on Saturday, February lUth. The victim, who is described as

6 THE 19th century

a wealthy farmer residing at Charwell House, was shot at
between three and four o'clock in the afternoon, as he was
catting hay from a rick near his dwelling-house. The shot
shattered his left arm severing the great artery, and rendered
the amputation of the limb necessary. He died about four
o'clock on the Tuesday morning, and the following day a
coroner's jury, after a long and minute examination of wit-
nesses, returned a verdict of '* Wilful Murder" against Philip
Haynes, who had before been committed to the County Gaol
under Lord Ellenboiough's Act. On the following Monday the
widow was similarly committed charged with having been an
accessory before the fact to the murder of her late husband.
Both the prisoners made a confession of their guilt, and
expressed their sorrow for the crime they had been led, by
the indulgence of unlawful passions, to commit. On the morning
of the execution the two children, a boy and girl, visited their
mother in gaol, wheu she appeared to be considerably affected,
although she had previously evinced but little concern at the
awfulness of her situation. Haynes met his fate with great
firmness, but neither he nor his partner in guilt said anything
at the place of execution. After the bodies had hung the
usual time they were conveyed to the General Infirmary for
dissection. The scene wa.s witnessed by an unusually large
number of persons. This case appears to have created con-
siderable sensation in the district, and there was issued from
the Dicey Press an octavo book of 20 pages, in which was
given an account of the trial and subsequent confession of the
prisoners. At the same time T. Bloomer, a Birmingham
print«r,published a quarto sheet of rhymes "on the unfortunate
man and woman."

A Yardley Hasti.nos Case.

The other exception was James King, who rccetvetl sentence
of death for violently assaulting Ann Clifton, in a field in the
parish of Yardley Hastings, on the evening of the 20th
October, 1820. The execution took place on the Ziid of
March, and the culprit is said to have expressed great sorrow
for the crime and to have repeatedly acknowledged the justice
of his sentence.

The Brigstock Siikep Thief.

On the 22nd Mar^h, 1822, George Julyan, otherwise Jellings,
was executed for stealing six sheep, the property of Charles
White, of Brigstock. We lekrn tliat from first entering the
gaol he was fully impressed with the idea that he should
suffer for the crime for which he was committed, and in con-
seifuence determined to conduct himself in the mo.st becoming
manner. This resolution he strictly observed to the very last.
Previously to his trial he was very orderly, and forebore to
use had language, a habit to which he had been greatly
addicted. Aftdr his condemnation he is described is being
•' anxiously solicitous about his eternal interests, which was
evidenced by those strong characters penitence and contrition,
that afford the best hope of sincerity. Nevertheless he could
not be induced to acknow edge himself guilty of the crime
for which he was about to suffer ; he said for the many
irregularities in which he had indidged, he could not
but consider that the hand of God had kindly arrested him in
a career of wickedness which most probably would have ter-
minated in something far more serious than the crime of which
he was convicted. Sabbath breaking, he consideretl ais one
of the greatest inlets into all the crimes of which he had ever
been guilty, and against this practice he cautioned everyone
with whom he conversed. He paid ^reat attention to the
prayers offered for him at the placeof execution, and appeared
to be in a very serious and pious frame, freijuently expressin;?
himself in strong ejaculations to God for the pardon of his
transgressions, and to enable him to meet his fate with
Christian fortitude. Groat numbers of persons assembled to
witness the awful spectacle."

A Trio from Wellingborough.

On Friday, the 2nd of August of tbe same year, William
Meadowes, aged 27 ; William Gent, 23 ; and B. Middleton,

LOCAL EXECUTIONS.

^, were executed for ** having ravished and otherwise dread-
fully illused Ann Newman, of Bozeat, a youns girl of
unimpeachable conduct." Thomas Bales, ag:ed 17, and Charles
James, aged 18, also received sentence of death, but were
reprieved, another youth of 18 being acquitted. The follow-
ing is a contemporary account of the execution : — ** Their
behaviour since condemnation has not generally evinced a
due sense of the turpitude of the crime they had committed,
or the awfulness of their situation. On Thursday, how-
ever, their hardihood appeared to be somewhat subdued,
and the idea of soon forfeiting their lives to the outraged
laws of their country, induced them to seek, by penitence
and prayer, pardon of their Maker, through the atonement
ot his Son. Their crime was of the most horrible character,
and when it is considered they were all marrie<l men with
families, the mind shrinks back, horror struck and confounded.
Middleton addressed the multitude, which was immense, with
great earnestness, and particularly warned his companions,
and others of Wellingborough (the place of their late resi-
dence), in the habit of leading dissolute lives, to desist fiom
pursuing a course of wickedness, which, if persevered in,
sooner or later must terminate in their destruction."

Another Sheep Stealer,

From this date to that of the next execution, the death
sentence was, we believe, passed at every Assizes for the
County. Indeed a printed sheet lying before us signed b>
Wm. Abbott, Esq., High Sheriff, gives the "sentences of the
prisoners tried at Northampton Assizes, which commenced
on Saturday, the 28th of February, 1824, before the Right
Hon. Lord Chief Justice Gifford, and the Hon. Mr. Baron
Hullock," shows that upon this occasion alone twelve persons
were found guilty of the offences imputed to them and were
sentenced to death. All, however appear to have been
reprieved. Sheep stealing was responsible for the next execu-
tion, that of William Longslow, which took place on the 29th
July, 1825. He had been charged at the Summer Assize with
Thomas Longslow on suspicion of stealing, taking, and
driving away, 40 lambhogs from Clipston, of the value
of £\^ and upwards, the property of Matthew Ward.
Thomas Longslow was, however, fotmd Not Guilty, and
acquitted. The condemned man, who was strong built and
of middle stature, conducted himself with the utmost pro-
priety, and joined occasionally with fervency the Chaplain '
whilst reading the prayers immediately preceding his execu-
tion. On ascending the drop he did not address the surround-
ing multitude, which was not so numerous as on m-iny former
occasions of a similar nature. He apparently suffered little
after the drop fell, but died almost without a straggle. The
poor fellow entertained very great anxiety about his wife,
and declared that she was in no wise, either directly or in-
directly, concerned in his delinquency. This execution is
noticeable from the fact that the custom of admitting persons
with wens to rub them with the hands of the dying man was
suppressed.

The Exploits of *• Captain Slash."

The following year is marked by the fact that an end
was put to the exploits of "Captain Slash," which long
lingered in the memories of many inhabitants of the County.
He was executed on Friday, 21st July, 182G, for robbery at
Boughton Green Fair. From an interesting historical record
of Boughton Green Fair, which appeared in the Morthnmptan
Herald, in July, 1882, we quote the following particulars :—
It was the disagreeable practice of numbers of desperate
fellows, late at night— when the majority of orderly, law-
abiding visitors had gone home to bed— to scour the fair,
maltreating and robbing all who came in their way. A more
than ordinarily violent and determined raid of this kind in
1826 created intense alarm, ana constitutes the great centre
of interest in the later history of Boughton Green. The name
of the principal leader was George Catherall, who had
assumed, in imitation of the old highwaymen, the name of

8 THE l^TH CENTURY

" Captain Slash." Born of respectable parents at Bolton, in
Lancashire, he joined in early life the ranks of the criminal
class. For some time he served as a soldier, but the only
testimony obtained as to the nature of his military career was
the cat o' nine tails marks which decorated his back and
shoulders to the day of his deatli. He was also a prize-fighter,
being known in that capacity as " the Lancashire youth," and
ens:aeed in a somewhat notable battle at Warwick in 1825.
After leaving the Army he formed one of a gang of thieves and
pickpockets, who frequented the different fairs of the King-
dom. On the last night of the Fair of 1826, Catherall and a
large number of confederates, mastering, it was estimated,
about 100, scattered themselves amongst the booths, attack-
ing several renters in a brutal manner and compelling them
to surrender all the money in their possession. Soon the fair
was in a perfect uproar, and what mi^ht have happened had
Catherall carried out the design attributed to him of liberat-
ing the wild beasts from Wonibwell's menagerie in order to
f»rofit by the inevitable panic that would have ensued, it is
mpossible to tell. As it was, matters were bad enough.
Shrieks of wounded men, and cries of murder filled the air.
The rioters forced their way into the booths where they could,
and damaged those they could not enter. The proprietors
guarded their property with drawn swords and loaded
muskets, but with wonderful self-control refrained from using
the latter lest friends should fall as well as foes. A small
body of self-constituted police was hastily drawn up to assist
in the preservation of order, and desperate encounters took
place between them and

CATIIERALL'S ROUGHS.

whom he had called upon to ** form into line soldier-like."
After a prolonged struggle Catherall and soae of his com-
panions were captured and brought to this town, where seven
were subsequently committed for trial. The noi-di^ant
" Captain " had his skull fractured and a finger broken, and
when taken seemed to be almost lifeless. At the Police
Court he behaved with the greatest hardihood. A bystander
remarked, •' He seems to be dead," to which Catherall,
slightly raising himself from the chair in which he lay,
replied, " I'm not dead, and shan't be until I have the rope
round my neck." In due time the capital sentence was
passed upon him, and Hugh Robinson, a lad of 19, the other
principal offender, was transported for life. The execution
took place on the 21st July, at the new drop overlooking
Fetter-street, in the presence of a vast concourse of people.
Catherall did not evince real repentance until the morning of
his death, when he attended devoutly to the counsel of the
Rev. W. Drake, the chaplain, and joined with much apparent
devotion in the service held in the prison chapel, which, it
may be remarked, closed with the administration of the Holy
Sacrament to the convict. During this solemn ceremony he
is said to have cried and sobbed bitterly, and, occasionally
wringing his hand« and beating his breast, called upon God
for mercy. He joined in the responses, and several times
repeated the word» after the minister. At the conclusion of
the services Catherall took the rev. gentleman by the hand,
and told him that he was now prepared to die, and felt
that he could die happy. On his way to the scaffold he
reco&rnised the Magistrate who had committed him (Mr. T. S.
Samwell) whom, he remarked, he hoped to meet again in
heaven. Arrived at the gallows he calmly surveyed the
upturned faces of the crowd. Just before the white cap was
adjusted he kicked his shoes off so that they fell among the
people. This action is explained as having been prompted by
a desire to give the lie to someone— his mother it was said —
who had told him he would die in his shoes. Taking it in
connection with the prisoner's demeanour just before one can-
not but regard this as a noteworthy instance of "the ruling
passion strong in death." The moment he gave the signal
by letting fall his handkerchief the bolt was withdrawn and
the drop fell. He struggled about two minutes in a
convulsive manner before life became extinct. He was

LOCAL EXECUTIONS. 9

buried without ceremony at St. Qiles* Churchyard at three
o'clock in the afternoon. Captain Slash was a fine athletic
fellow, aged 29 years. Although popularly supposed to be the
first, be was in reality the sixteenth culprit executed on what
was then known as "the new drop." A quarto single sheet,
purporting to give a "Correct Account of the Execution of
George Catherall, alias Captain Slash," was published at a
subsequent date by Arlidge, of Northampton.
A CosGROVE Crime.

Four years elapsed before the hangman's services were
again required in Northampton, where, on Friday, March
19th, 1830, Thomas White was executed in the County Gaol
yard for committing a rape on Ann Swannell, a child under
the age of ten years, at Cosgrove, near Stony Stratford. The
condemned man was 24 years of age, and unman ied. His
behaviour at the place of execution was becoming his situa-
tion, he appearing not only to be sensible of his awful condi-
tion, but to have benefited by the spiritual consolations of
the chaplain. He appeared to suffer but little after the falling
of the platform. The attendance was not so large as usual.
Arson at Shutlanger.

In the presence of a large concourse of spectators, on the
18th of March in the succeeding year, James Linnell, aged 25,
met a similar fate for setting fire to a barn at Shutlanger on
the 11th December, 1830. The barn, which contained about
20 quarters of barley, nine or ten quarters of wheat, and
seven or eight loads of straw, belonged to the Earl of Pomfret,
*and was in the occupation of a Mr. Thomas Horn, who stated
at the trial that about a hundred persons assisted to
extinguish the flames. The prisoner, who was one of them,
was heard to say that the man who set it on fire deserved to
be hanged cr burnt. Earlier in the day, however, he had
been heard to say, in the course of conversation with some
persons who were talking about the fires which were
occurring in various parts of the country, that he wished
all the corn might be burnt down, for he reaped no benefit
from it. The chief evidence against him. however, was that
of Edward Durrant, an accomplice, who had been committed
for the offence, and who was removed from the dock to the
witness-box, thereby bopinf, as he averred, ** to save his own
neck." Prisoner had just before the fire shown him a flint,
steel, and tinder-box, and after some conversation about thei
not having received any money that night, said, " Ned,— you,
if you won't go and set the bam on fire I will." Durrant
declined, and upon this Linnell said he would do it himself,
adding, " if you say anything about it it shall be the worse
for you, and if I cannot do it some of my companions shall."
Prisoner denied his guilt, but was found guilty and sentenced
to death, the Judge, who did not hold out the slightest
hope of a reprieve, urging him to prepare for eternity.
Great exertions were made to obtain a commutation of the
sentence, and a petition to that effect, supported by the
interest of the noble Earl to whom the property belonged,
was forwarded to tlie Home Office, but a reply was received
which left no room to hope that his life would be spared. He
observed a determined silence upon the subject of the fire, but
when spoken to respecting it asserted his innocence, though
he said he knew who did it. He ascended the platform with
a firm step, and after the fatal cord was adjusted listened to
the pious exhortations of the Uev W. Drake, the Chaplain,
with some aitentiun. On the cap being drawn over his face
the Rev. Mr. Barker, a Wesleyan minister, kneeled down and
prayed for some time, the prisoner several times audibly
exclaiming "Lord have mercy upon me." Having shaken
hands with those genileiuen whoi<e duties had brought them
to the place, he was launched into eternity. He struggled
very little, and appeared to suffer slightly, and only for a
short period.

Murdering a Sweetheart at Sibdertoft.

On the 5th of M iruh, 1832, William Grant was hanged for
the Sibbertoft murder, the victim being Mary Wright, alioH

10 THE 19th century

Cheney. The man, who was gome years in the Marines, bore
the character of a quiet, harmless, and industrious fellow.buc
when he drank beer was said to be rather odd in his conduct.
He was related to the victim by marriage, sbe being the
daui;hter of his uncle's wife. The prisoner, when brouftht to
the bar at the Spring Assizes, was in tears, and when required
to answer to the arraignment stated that he did not know
what to say. The necessity of some plea being explained to
him, he finally pleaded not guilty. The victim, Mary Wright,
was in service with a Mrs. Manton, the wife of a grazier, at
Sibbertoft, and the prisoner, who was 41 years of age, was a
gardener in the village. Grant frequently went to see the
girl at Mrs. Manton's, and when asked what he wanteil
replied—" You know what I want ; I want the girl that I
luve." On Sunday morinng, the 28th August, the prisoner
went to the house and asked the girl to follow his mother,
who was lying dead, to the grave, stating that it was her
last wish. Mrs. Manton refused to let her go, and he then
went away. On the following Tuesday the girl was sent on
an errand, but her return being delayed her mistress went
into the yard to see if she was coming. She then saw the
girl and the prisoner approaching the house about 2U0 yards
oflE. When fifty yards from the house they stopped, and ap-
peared, to be talking together. Mrs. Manton called out
" Mary," and then saw the prisoner take something from his
side pocket and strike the girl on the breast once, and then
twice a little lower down. They both fell, and the girl called
out *• murder." Mrs. Manton and a man named Burditt went
to them, and then found him cutting the throat of the girl
with a pruning knife he worked with. Mrs. Manton fainted,
but un recovering saw the poor girl, from whom blood was run-
ning, walk to the house, whilst Grant was detained by several
people to whose remonstrance he replied "I have done for her
— I told her I would for years, and now I have done it." The
evidence given against him at the Assizes also showed that the
prisoner accompanied the girl — who died two days after the
murderous attack— on the errand for her mistress, and in a
~ quarrel with her in Mr. Tansley's bakehouse, he smote on his
breast and said he would be double-ironed in some priiFon or
hanged on some mount before the week was out. To the
girl's mother he said, subsequent to the nmrder, that he had
told her. he would make her sip sorrow by spoonfuls, adding,
and " now you have it." At 11 o'clock on the morning of the
Monday following the trial, the condemned man, who had
passed a restless night, but who breakfasted as usual, was
led out upon the scaffolil, and in consequence of a new and
readier method of adjusting the rope, was within a very few
seconds disposed of. He appeared to suffer but little— there
was a slight convulsive clenching of the hands, one heave of
the chest, and all was over. There were but few persons to
witness the awful ceremony, in consequence of the fact that
it was anticipated to take place s*t the usual hour — 12
o'clock. About that time a vast concourse of people arrived
from all parts, but too late for the object of their vi.sit. After
hanging the usual time, the body was cut down and delivered
over for dissection.

Arson at Guilsborough.
For a much lesser crime— setting tire to a wheat stack at
Guilsborough, Thomas Gee, aged 23, was executed on the
21st March, 1834. Samuel Sharpe, a farmer, of Guilsborough,
had a wheat stack set on fire on the 27th Dec, and, receiving
an alarm about eleven o'clock at night, he found his neigh-
bours attempting to extinguish the fire. Gee, who lived at
the bottom of the village, nearest Hollowell, was subsequently
arrested, and when asked by Sharpe how it was that he had
done this spiteful and malicious trick, cried bitterly, exclaim-
ing " I hope you'll forgive me." Asked how long he had
meditated the commission of the act, he replied that he
had never thought much about it till it was done,
When accused by a Constable from Northampton,
he alleged that the rick was fired by a man named
Green, who bad said " the farmers have been docking the

LOCAL EXECUTIONS. 11

poor men, now let's dock them." Tbia, boweyer, Green
denied on oatb at the trial. The jury found the prisoner
guilty, and the Judge (Lord Chief Ju-stice Tindal) character-
ising the offence as " a crime of the blackest order " sentenced
him to death with great solemnity. The prisoner heard the
sentence without any apparent concern, and on leaving the
bar exclaimed with a firm and loud yuice, " I am innocent,
gentlemen all ! " He suffered the extreme penalty of the law
on Friday, March 21st. In consequence, it is supposed, of a
sudden effort oti tlie part of the unhappy man at the moment
the bolt of the drop was drawn, the rope was displaced, and
the dislocation of the neck, as in ordinary cases, prevented. '
This unfortunate accident protracted his sufferings for aperiod
of nearly 20 minutes, and caused him to struggle violently.
A very larj>e number of persons assembled on the occasion,
and those present are reported to have loudly expressed their
disapprobation uf the awful spectacle. It is stated that several
females appeared on the scaffold for the purpose of undergoing
the disgusting and absurd operation of rubbing with the dead
man's hand, with the view ot curing enlargements of the
neck. After the body was cut down it was delivered to the
friends of the deceased for burial at Guilsborough the same
evening. Gee's execution was made the occasion of a sermon
on ''The Gradations of Sin," preached at Guilsborough. in
the Baptist Meeting House, on Sabbath morning, March :)Oth,
IS-H, by the Rev. James Clark. The sermon which was
printed by Cordeux, of Northampton, was dedicated, by

{termission, to Lord Althorp, Chancellor of the Exchequer,
nscribed to W. Wood, Esq., High Sheriff for the County of
Northampton, for his humane and benevolent attention
to the prisoner; and addressed to the Church and con-
gregation at Guilsborough. "Their faithful friend and
affectionate pastor," as he describes himself, does not appear
to have had a high opinion of Thomas Gee. •• To most now
present," he observed to his congregation, " this young man
was well known as a native of this place, and as a thoughtless
and dissipated youth, naturally addicted to a course of vice,
and literally wanton from a child in his experiments of mischief.
On the 27th of December in the last year, with little or no
premeditation,he fired a portion of property in this village, in
which he was detected, And for which Le underwent his trial
at the last Assizes at Northampton. Fully convicted of the
crime of arson, he was condemned on the 5th ult., and
suffered the extreme penalty of the law on the 2l8t. He was
interred on the same day, amidst the deep sympathy of
spectators and the bitter lamentations of his parents,
in the churchyard of this place, in the 22nd year of
his age." From a subsequent passage in the sermon it
would appear that the day before his execution, when
visited by Mr. Clark, the prisoner requested him to "publicly
improve this event for the benefit of others, especially his
companions." In the course of the sermon in question, it was
urged that the exhibition of public executions, on well
attested facts, tended to harden, rather than soften, specta-
tors, and, by reconciling them to a momentary death, operated
as a motive to the commission, and not the repression of
capital offences. It was further contended that " the law
which made incendiarism a capital offence, repugnant to
humanity and hostile to every Christian principle, was a blot
in the annals of British Legislature, which the band of time
itself would fail to wipe away."

The Pinkard Execution.
Since the death of Gee no one has been executed in Northamp-
tonshire for a crime less grave than that of murder. At the
March Assizes, at Northamoton, in 1837, Hugh Gordon,
George Swift, and William Crew, were sentenced to death for
assaulting Henry Swift, and stealing from his person.
Thomas White was, at the same Assizes, sentenced to death
for burglary, at the house of Henry Cleaver, at Kilsby ; Jesse
Duckett being ordered to receive a similar fate for robbery
from the person of William Coulling, on November 4th, 183o.
These persons were afterwards reprieved. Indeed it was not

12 THE 19rH CENTURY

until the 16th of March, 1852, that the next execution took
place — that of Elizabeth Pinkard, for the murder of her
mother-in-law at Burnt Walls, near Daventry, on the 3rd of
October, 1851. This was, as the Judge who pronounced
sentence of death observed, a most horrible crime. The
murderess, who was 61 years of age, lived with her husband
near the latter's parents. The younger Pinkards appear
to have become somewhat straitened in circumstances,
and the landlord had threatened to eject them for
arrears of rent. The husband, however, on the death of his
mother would receive £1,000, in which she had a life interest,
and this fact was suggested as a motive for the crime. On
the day in question Mr. Pinkard, the senior, the husband of
the murdered woman, had gone with his son to Daventry
fair, leaving his wife in her usual health, but was fetched
back in the evening to find her dead. She had been found
sitting in a chair with a piece of tape round her neck and
fastened to a hook in a cupboard close by. At first sight it
looked as though she had committed suicide, but the suspici-
ous movements of the daughter-in-law, who had visited the
bouse during the day, the fact that cries of murder, accom-
panied by sounds of 8CufBing,bad been heard proceeding from
the cottage, a wound as though inflicted by a neavy mafiet on
the deceased woman's eye, the testimony of medical men that
it was not suicide, together with the motive indicated for the
crime,Iedto Elizabeth Pinkard's arrest.and to her being found
guilty at the Assizes following of the crime of murder. 8he
received her sentence with little emotion, and retained her
self-possession to the last. The Judge (Sir John Jervais) had
referred to the case as one of mystery, and it is, therefore,
satisfactory to find that the wretched woman confessed her
guilt and acknowledged the justice of her sentence. Although
strenuous efforts were made for her reprieve, the Home
Secretary and the Judge both having been waited upon, the
execution took place on the day named on the drop at the
back of the then County Oaol in Ouildhall-road, Calcraft
being the executioner. An impression had got abroad that
the execubion would take place on the previous Friday, and
thousands of persons flocked into the town from the
adjacent country, many of the visitors being women with
babes in arms. The town was in a state of excitement
the whole day, and scenes of drunkenness and riot
were frequent. On the day of the execution there
was a large crowd, comprised almost entirely of the town

nulation, which behaved with great propriety. A general
ing of awe pervaded the assembly, which, it is stated,
comprised ten thousand persons, and scores of persons were
affected to tears. Early in the morning the convict had attended
prayers in the chapel, and during the singing of a hymn her
voice is said to have been heard above all tbe rest. Whilst
being pinioned she prayed with much fervour, and at her
request the cap was drawn over her eyes before she went up
to the drop. This marks an epoch in the hanging annals of
the county as being the last public execution in Northampton.

Wife Murder at Holcot.
The first private execution in the county town took place
inside the walls of the County Gaol on the 31st July, 1871,
when Richard Addington, a shoemaker, 38 years of age, was
executed for the murder of his wife at Holcot. The man
appears to have been for some time jealous of his wife, who,
by the way, was a native of Caldecote, near Towcester, but
who had been in service at Northampton, and subsequently at
Holcot. About 10 o'clock in the morning of the 30th of May. 1871,
he had been watching her driving some ducks down the yard.
They had previously quarrelled and on her refusing, at his
request, to go into the house, Addington took her up in his
arms, carried her indoors, cut her throat in two places
and stabbed her twice in tbe side, and immediately told the
neighbours what he had done. Before her death, which
happened shortly after she exclaimed **My dear husband,
vou have cut my throat, I shall die," to which he replied "I
know you will in a few minutes and so shall I in a few hours."

LOCAL EXECUTIONS. 13

Then, realising his terrible position he fell on his knees and
cried '• Mary, pray forgive me," to which he answered " Yes,
my dear husband, I forgive you." When told that she was
dead, he said " I hope that she's at peace, and that I shall be
with her." When upon his trial, before Mr. Justice Byles,
a plea of insanity was put in, but the jury did not consider
that there was sufficient evidence to justify a verdict to that
effect, and the wretched man was in due course hanged. Strong
efforts were made after his conviction to save his neck. The
late Drs. Pritcbard and Barr did much in this direction, but
in spite of this, the largely -signed requisition to the then
Home Secretary (Mr. Bruce), and a deputation of which Mr.
Gilpin, M.P. for the Borough, was a prominent member, the
law had to take its course. There was a great contrast between
this and the execution of Mrs. Pinkard. At the anticipated
execution of the latter the town was crowded with strangers,
and the scenes generally attendant on a public execution were
to be witnessed. On the occasion in question no strangers were
present. A few hundreds of the townspeople congregated
opposite the gaol, waiting the announcement that the sentence
bad been carried out, but the most perfect propriety ot
behaviour is said to have been observed.

The Wood Burcote Murder.
Since this time only two executions have taken place in the
County. The first was on Monday morning, the 30th of
March, 1874, when Thomas Chamberlain was hanged for the
murder of John Cox Newitt, a farmer, of Wood Burcete, near
Towcester. This murder has been not inaptly described as
one of the saddest tragedies that have stained the annals of
this County. Chamberlain, who was 40 years of age and a
shoemaker by trade, lived at the Lord's Field toll gate, on the
Buckingham-road, nearly a mile and a half from the scene of
the murder, which occurred shortly before eight o'clock on
Sunday night, the 30th Nov., 1873. Mrs. Newitt and her son
had gone to Towcester Church, the only persons left in the
farm-house being Mr. Newitt. an old man 72 years of age, and
Harriett Stevens, the servant ^irl. The former sat in the
parlour reading his Bible, whilst the latter occupied the
Idtchen, and was in the act of writing a letter, when she was
surprised by some one coming in. Thinking it was her
mistress and young master, she rose to get the supper, when
she was confronted by Chamberlain, who, from having worked
in the harvest field for Mr. Newitt, evidently knew how
to obtain access into the house, and who, without
provocation, immediately attacked the girl with a weapon he
carried. On the aged farmer making his appearance Cham-
berlain turned from the girl to him, and after a brief struggle
levelled him to the ground with a blow. The girl escaped
and raised an alarm, and on returning with assistance found
the old man lying dead on the floor, the wounds leaving no
doubt as to the brutal character of the murder. Apart from
Chamberlain's indentification by the girl, his blood-stained
appearance, traces of blood between the two houses, and the
subsequent recovery of an old sword from a pond near the
prisoner's house, from which to the pond there were also traces
of blood, helped to fix the guilt upon him. He was tried before
Justice Brett on Tuesday, the 10th March, and, after listening
to the whole of the proceedings with the utmost sang froidt
was found guiltv. In passing the sentence of death Justice
Brett warned him that any hope of a reprieve would be
«)tirely vain, and the public were so satisfied with
the verdict that no efforts were made to secure an exercise
of the royal prerogative. He was remarkably reticent
with regard to everything that pertained to his murder
and his approaching end, and laughed at the warders,
and joked with the executioner on the scaffold itself.
Reminded by Marwood, described in a broad-sheet before
us as a man from the neighbourhood of Lincoln, at 6.16 in the
morning that his time was getting short. Chamberlain replied,
" I know that ; I never feU better in my life." During the
pinioning process he said with a grim smile, " You're strap-
ping me up pretty tight." The executioner's verdict might

14 THE 19th century

▼ery properly be that he never saw a man meet death in so
careless and unconcerned a manner. His death was In
harmony with his later days. Chamberlain had accumulated
a considerable number of news cuttings of crimes— murders,
suicides, burglaries, Ac— and evidently took great interest in
criminal history. So much so, indeed, that it was suggested,
in the absence of motive for the crime, that it was the out-
come of an inordinate study of the records in question. The
fact that some of the condemned man's friends were esteemed
Baptists led the Rev. John T. Brown, of College-street,
Northampton, to visit him. The rev. gentleman was, how-
ever, rudely repulsed. Indeed, in the course of a final inter-
view with his wife, children, and brother on the Friday
precedin(( the execution, he manifested little concern about a
future existence. We quote from the broad -sheet already
referred to

THE CONVICT'S LAST FAREWELL

to his wife and children : On Friday afternoon (March 27th)
the convict's wife and two children, a boy of fifteen and a
girl of eight, together with his brother, called to say a last
farewell to him. The interview, which lasted about twenty
minutes, was by no means of a character which might have
been expected on such a solemn occasion, and part of the

conversation was of a very unusual description

Alluding to his removal from an upstairs cell to his present
one, the prisoner asked his brother if he had found among
his property a cutting from a newspaper with reference to
Victor Townley, who, about five years ago, committed suicide
at Pentonville by throwing himself down the steps. The
brother replied in the affirmative, and the prisoner then
observed that he believed his gaolers were afraid that he
would follow that example, and, in order to prevent him, re-
moved him to another cell The remainder of the

conversation was of a similar frivolous character, no allusion
whatever being made to the fearful fate awaiting him. and
the subject of religion was ignored with the exception of one
remark which fell from the unhappy man, to the effect that,
even at the eleventh hour, "it would take a great many
parsons to change him," meaning that any entreaty to him to
repent would be fruitless. Shortly afterwards the interview
terminated. The only manifestation of feeling on the part of
the convict was shown at the moment when his family left
him.

The Militia Stores Tragedy.
The scaffold was last used on the 12th November, 1878,
when Sergeant Patrick John Byrne was executed at the (then)
Borough Gaol on the Mounts, for the wilful murder of
Quartermaster-Sergeant Brooks, and Pay Sergeant Griffiths,
at the Militia Stores nine weeks previously. Byrne had
hitherto a good record. He was a native of Dublin and
respectably connected, a brother, it is averred, being a Roman
Catholic priest. He had risen from a private to be sergeant,
and was just before this tragedy a (3oIour-Sergeant in the
Militia Regiment. In consequence, however, of certain
occurrences with which his superior officers found fault he
was disrated from a colour to a common sergeant, and as a
consequence had to leave the quarters he occupied at the
Stores. Brooks, whose duty it was to see the rooms
handed over to Byrne's successor made some remark
to the latter in the Reading Room to the effect that
he had left his quarters dirty, and Byrne, replying to the
effect that he would go and clean them, went out. Shortly
after Brooks went into the yard, where he was shot through
the heart by Byrne, who had apparently been in waiting for
him. Two sergeants, hearing the report of the rifle, rushed
out, when one of them, named Griffiths, met a similar fate,
his brains being blown out. Byrne, who appeared to be
beyond himself, was secured before he could do further
threatened mischief. He was tried at Bedford before Baron
Huddlestone, and in answer to the usual question before
sentence of death was passed, expressed his sorrow for the
crime, and attributed it to the drink. Indeed, in the formal

LOCAL EXECUTIONS. 16

confession which he subsequently penned, he solemnly
dtM:Iared that had it not been for excessive drinking he shoald
not have committed the crime for which he was to die. From
the outset, he manifested sincere contrition for the crime,
and paid marked attention to the ministrations of Canon
tScott, of the Roman Catholic priesthood. Having kissed all
those who were witnesses of his execution, he met his fate
with remarkable resignation. He had himself acknowledged
the justice of his sentence, and, it is said, not only expected,
but desired that it should be carried out.

The East Haddon Mystery.
The last sad scene in connection with what was for some
time known as *' The East Haddon Mystery " was enacted on
Tuesday, January 10th, 1893, in Her Majesty's Prison, North-
ampton, when Andrew George McRae, who was on Christmas
Eve convicted of the murder of Annie Pritchard and sen-
tenced to death by Mr. Justice Kennedy, suffered the extreme
penalty of the law at the hands of Billington, the Public
Executioner. On the morning of Sunday, August 7th, 1892,
the town was first startled by the announcement that the
decomposed remains of a human body had been found in a
ditch on the turnpike-road about half a mile from Althorp
Park Station, on the road to East Haddon. Upon examina-
tion the remains were found to be those of a young woman,
partially clothed. The body was headless and armless, only
the trunk and the legs remaining, the latter being tied back
to the buttocks. On the sacking in which they were con-
tained a label bearing the name of " E. M. Rae" was dis-
covered, though but little weight was attached to that fact
at the time, as Mr. E. M. Hae, who was at that time a bacon
factor, <&c., having a stall in the Northampton Market, and
a warehouse in Dychurch-lane, ^ave evidence at the inquest,
and explained that he had at times sold wrappers of such a
character. The shocking discovery was taken up by both the
County and the Borough Police, whose efforts were at last
rewarded with some amount of success. After the lapse
of some three weeks or a month information was ^iven
by a Mrs. Bland, a dealer in second-hand clothes, residing
in College -street, Northampton, that Andrew George McRae
the brother of Mr. E. M. Rae, had sold her several articles
of woman's apparel, and also some baby linen in the
latter part of the month of July. Andrew George McRae
was then seen by the Police, and in reply to their questions
as to how he came dealing with the clothes, volunteered
certain answers, which were found to be untrue. McRae, who
was 36 years of age, was at that time working for his brother
as an assistant at the stall on the Market-square, and also
had charge of the warehouse in Dychurch-lane, of which he
kept the keys. He was a married man, lodging in Northamp-
ton, but had a wife and two young sons residing in Birming-
ham. Furthur enquiries were instituted by the police, and
on the Saturday, Sept. 3rd.

McRae was arrested
on suspicion of murdering a woman unknown. He was brought
before the County Magistrates on Monday, the 5th September,
and remanded till Saturday, the 10th September. Prior to
his arrest, and between that time and the prisoner being
brought up on remand, the Police had made enquiries in
Birmingham, and found out that a young woman named
Annie Pritchard left her home in the previous March, and
had not since been heard of. A family of the name of Pritchard
resided near the house of the roan Andrew George McRae,
at Birmingham, and it transpired that he had been on most
intimate terms with Annie Pritchard, a young woman, about
the age of 32. On her leaving Birmingham she led her sisters
and brothers to believe she was going to Liverpool to be
married to a man named Guy Anderson, a lithographic artist,
with whom it was said she had previously been keeping com-
pany in Birmingham, and that then they were going to
America. On her departure from Birmingham she took with
her some two or three large and small boxes, containing a

16 LOCAL EXECUTIONS.

quantity of clothing and other articles, among the latter of
which were certain family relics. Instead of going to Liver-
pool, however, it was asserted she came to Northampton,
and lived with the man McRae in St. John-street, under the
name of Mr. and Mrs. Anderson, until July the 20th, when
they left In June, the supposed Mrs. Anderson gave birth
to a child, and was attended by a midwife and other persons.
On the evening of the 20th July Mr. Anderson (McRae) and Mrs.
Anderson (the alleged Annie Pritchard) left St. John-street
with the supposed intention of gx>ing to fresh lodgings in
Derby-road. They were accompanied to the top of Bridge-
street by a young woman named Elliott, who carried the baby,
aad there they parted, McRae stating that they could do
without her assistance any further. From that night, how-
ever, neither the woman nor the child have ever been seen,
and it is conjectured they were both murdered that night in
the warehouse in Dychurch-lane. A portion of the clothing in
which the remains were wrapped was subsequently identified
by the sister of Annie Pritchard as belonging to her and as
having been taken away with her when she left Birmingham.
She was also shown the other clothes and articles which
McRae had been found disposing of, and identified them
as belonging to members of the family. The Assizes were
opened in Northampton on the 16th November, and on the
morning of the 17th the trial of Andrew George McRae for
the wilful murder of Annie Pritchard was proceeded with
before Mr. Justice Kennedy. The case proceeded up to lun-
cheon time, when on the adjournment a most singular

AND EXTRAORDINARY INCIDENT OCCURRED,

the fact that a iuryman had temporarily left the precints of
the Court necessitating a postponement of the trial. At
the adjourned Assizes on the 20th December, however, the
chain of circumstantial evidence was forged link by link
against the prisoner, and no less than 47 witnesses were
examined for the prosecution. It was shown that the prisoner
had been dealing with wearing apparel known to have be-
longed to Annie Pritchard, that he had told contradictory
ana untrue statements as to her whereabouts, that he had
purchased lime (lime having been discovered on the body when
found), that charred fragments of 4>ones, which were said to be
those of a human hand, had been found under the copper in the
warehouse in Dychurch-lane, and that in the copper there was
a greasy fluid, in which there was human hair. The main line
of defence was that there was nothing to show that the

Eutrefying body was that of Annie Pritchard and that she
ad probably gone off with her old lover, Guy Anderson. The
trial proceeded for five days, and the investigation was of a
most careful and painstaking character. Mr. Buszard occupied
three hours in closing tlie case for the prosecution, and the
speech for the defence by Mr. At tenborough occupied five hours.
A like time was occupied on Christmas Eve by Mr. Justice
Kennedy in summing up the case to the Jury, who, after an
hour and a half consideration, returned with a verdict of guilty.
When McRae was asked as to whether he had anything to
say why sentence of death should not be passed upon him,
he said that any sentence that might be passed upon
him had no terror for him because he was perfectly innocent
of the charge. He told the jury that as long as they lived
their conscience would aacuse them. The condemned man
protested up to tlie last his complete innocence of the
crime of which the jury found him guilty. At a quarter
to nine o'clock, on the morning of execution, the bell of
St. Sepulchre's Church began to toll, and a few minutes
before nine o'clock McRae, who had slept well and partaken
of a good breakfast, submitted calmly to the ordeal of pinion-
ing at the hands of Billington, after which the procession
started for the scaffold, the Rev. W. Phillips, chaplain, read-
ing the sentences of the service for the Burial of the Dead in
a clear, impressive voice. McRae walked firmly to his doom
with head erect. On the scaffold being reached the strapping
of the legs was but the work of a moment, and in the midst
of the solemn recital of the words, " In the midst of life we
are in death," Billington pulled the lever and McRae dis-
appeared, death being instantaneous.

^uti^tai ^ttmonB*

Memento Mori ;
% Ci^ronologfcal ^TabU of iTittietal j6etmon0«

Delivered on those Mournful Occasions at
several times, and in several places.

Beginning with the Year, m.dccxxiv. And to be still
Continued, if God permit.

Writ, By THOMAS Brittain. 1741.

Oar time with swiftest speed doth fly
A few days more, and we must dye
And Sleep within our Beds of Clay
Untill the dreadful Judgment day
Then we must wake when Christ appears
With Joyful hopes, or dismal fears.

Dated, November 6th 1741.

John IX. 4.
I must work the works of him who sent me, whilst it is called
t» day for the Night cometh, when no man can work. Saith our
Lord & Saviour Jesus Christ.

To the Impartial & Candid Reader

of this uncommon draught:

wishing

Comfort in Life, Peace in Death, & Happiness

in a future state.

The awful Consideration of Mortality hath invited me to this
present undertaking of transmitting to futurity the last periods
of time that hath introduced such a Number of my Acquaintance
and friends into Eternity Several of whom I in times past while
in the land of the Living were particularly acquainted with and
greatly delighted in But God hath Changed their Countenance
and sent them away And in a Little time I must follow them into
those Qloomy E.egions of Darkness and Death that they are now in.
The View of these Melancholy Seasons and the thoughts of what
was Offered on those Occasions is of a Double Advantage to me and
fully Compensiates me for all the pains I have taken in this
Unusual Collection, tis not the Effect or produce of Fancy or the
fruit of Enthusiasm But y*^ Sober Result of a Deliberate Mind and
Calculated Entirely for my own private Use having in this Affair,
no design or desire to pleasure a friend Or answer the Querilous
Objections of any Spectator, or Observator of this Domistick
and private Intilligencer This I thought fit to lucert that so any
Iteading hereof may be Easie about it or letting it alone Without
asking a Question and thereby putting the Author to the troublesom
Office of being a Respondant which I have an Aversion to.

Chalton Nov : 6 1741.

Tho Bbitta^in

Pemenlo IHorL

1724. Jan.2d.

Thomas Janes, als : Hopkins of Sewel &c

was a pious good man a member of the Church of Sun don He was Buried

Jan : 2^. 1724-5 I preached his funeral from these words in Deut. 32. 29

that they were wise that they understood this, That they would
Consider their latter end, which Text was made choise of by his Widow,
and the Sermon was preached in the Quakers Meeting-house at Sewel in
the parish of Houghton on the same day he was buried.

1726. Aug. 8«».
John Beittain of Chalton,

was an Infant, and my son, and (then) only child, aged about eight weeks.

1 sent a letter down to my hon^ father to come up to preach a funeral
discourse but he being occasionally prevented, I (though with great regrett)
was obliged to do it my self, the words I preacht from was in Job 14, 1
Man yt. is bom of a woman is of few days and full of trouble, he cometh
forth like a flower It was preached at Sand on on the day of Interment
Aug. 8, 1725.

1727. June 25th

Hugh Willbt of Whaddon in Bucks,
was a religious good man a worthy member of the Church of Stoney
Stratford, the husband of a good wife, and the father of many children, he
chose my father to preach his funeral sermon at Stoney Stratford, and me
to do the like at Caldcott both from one & the same text which was 1 Cor.
15 nit. Wherefore my beloved brethren, &c. which I preached (some time
after his death) June 25th, 1727, at Caldcbtt.

1727. Oct. 22^.
John Febnoh of Stoneystratford
was an old experienced servant of Christ, lame and decripid in body
but of a strait mind, and upright soul being old in years and grace, lived
always a single life, incorporated into the Society of Christians at Stoney
Stratford he chose me for to preach his funeral sermon from 2 Cor. 13, 11,

Finaly brethren farewel, be perfect, be of good comfort, be of one mind,
live in peace, and the God of love, and peace shall be with you which
request of his I fulfilled at his funeral at Stratford, on Lords day, October
22nd, 1727. He was a sincere lover of all that bore the Image of Christ
and no doubt is now at rest in the bosom of Christ whom he dearly loved
and also sincerely desired to serve in truth and in sincerity.

1729. Sept, 14th
Mabt Wabbest of Leckhamsted
was an aged widow, a pious matron and a worthy member of the church of
Stony Stratford, 1 preached her funeral sermon at Stony Stratford some
time after her death from Deut. 32, 29, O that they were wise that they
understood this, that they would consider their latter end, which words she
made choice of in her life-time,

Apr. 20th 1747,
Mabtha Cbipps, of Stoneystratford
was a member of the Stratford Community, and I hope a very good
woman, widow of the late W™. Cripps, minister, I was sent for down to
preach the funeral sermon which I did at Stoneystratford on the day of the
funeral, the text was in Psal. 55, 6, Oh ! that I had wings like a dove,
then would I fly away and be at rest She was much addicted to melancholy
& gloom.

Feb 14th 174,8,
Elizabeth "White Sen', of Stoneystratford
Was an ancient woman and for many years lived in a state of widowhood
serving God day and night and might be truly called a mother in Israel.
She was a worthy member of the Church of Stoneystratford, one that was
judged more fitter for heaven than earth, for she seldom took much care of
lower things, but of wt is above. She was blest with a comfortable
subsistance during her abode here, and in the 73^ year of her age, was
taken with a mortification in her legs which soon transplanted her into
another state. She desired me to preach her funeral sermon and also chose
her text both which I complied with when she was buryed in the burying
place at the Meeting house in Stoney Stratford on the 14th of February,
1748, at which time & place I preacht her funeral sermon from Job. 3, 17,
There the wicked cease from troubling and there the weary be at rest.

Mar 16'h 1748.
Elizabeth White, Jun'. of Stoneystratford
was the daughter of the last mentioned person, a single woman and always
lived with her mother. She was about 52 years old and in her younger
years early devoted her self to Christ, and was a member of Stratford
Community, but soon after, she grew melancholly, and deprived of her
reason, & so continued in that deplorable condition till a little before her

death, she was taken bad of ye same distemper as her mother was (viz.) a
mortification in her legs, which soon pnt a period to her days. Before her
death she appeared more sencible, and talked very rational, and very
composed in her mind. Her relatives sent for me to preach the funeral
Sermon, which I accordingly did at Stoneystratford on the day she was
bnried, which was March 16th, 1748, and the text I preacht from (being
left to my liberty) was in the 1st chapter of Phillipians and verse 21 st, To
dye is gain. She survived her aged and pious mother about five weeks,
and now they lye sleeping close by each other in their beds of dust and
corruption in the Baptist Meeting-house yard in Stratford abovesaid there
(with abundance of my old friends, acquaintance, and dear relations) waiting
for a joyful and glorious resurrection.

Oct^l4"» 1760.

AiTKE HiOES of Calverton
was a very worthy pious good woman, and lived in a state of virginity
till she was pretty old, and then she married a few years before her death.
I had been acquainted with her for more than forty years. She was a
member of the church of Stoneystratford, and an honour to her profession.
Before her death she chose me preach her funeral sermon which I did some
weeks after her death at Stoneystratford aforesaid from Psalm 6, 5, In
death there is no remembrance of thee, and in the grave who shall give
thee thanks ? On Octob. 14th, 1750, which words she chose herself, She
dyed in the 75th year of her age.

April 12^ 1753.
Mabtha Hatnes of Stoneystratford
was my kinswoman, my particular acquaintance, and my Christian friend
whom I had known from my child-hood a sincere lover of Christ, and all
his followers, whose conversation was at all times as becometh y« Gospel
of Christ and an ornament to the Church of Stoneystratford of the which
she was a worthy member. She waded thro many and various troubles of
life and pressing wants to the which she was reduced by poverty, &c., yet
lively & chearful under every circumstance till death released her from all
afflictions on Apr. 9th, 1753. I was to fulfill her dying request Sent for to
preach her funeral sermon which I did on the 12th day at our Meeting
there, from Fsal. 73, 26, My flesh ft my heart faileth, but God is the strength
of my heart & my portion for ever, which text she chose, and then she was
laid to sleep in her bed of dust by many of her dear friends who are
waiting with her for a joyful resurrection. She was about seventy years of
age.

Mortality Remembered :

% Cl^tonological aLccount of jTitneral 2ernton0

That I have heard on those Mournful Occasions

At Several times, in Several places, And also I
by Several Persons of my Brethren ''I'

in the MINISTRY.

Begining with the Year m.dcc.xx. With a design to be Still

Continued, if God permit. Il'lli

By Thomas Brittain.

EooL. IX. 10.
Wkatsoerer thy hand findeth to do, do with thy might, for there
is no work, nor device, nor knowledge, nor WiAdom in the Grave,
whither thou goest.

O Death! where y^^ To N\v Q Grave! where
is thy Sting P y^ the PiouB, and N\^ is thy Victory ?
Hosea y^ Unprejudiced^ and NX^ 1 Corinth.

13 Chap : ^ Impartial Beaders of NX 15 Chap.

14 V : /y the following Annotations N\^^ f^^ V.
Upon the Instances of Mortality n\^

taken notice of, within the following pages >^
Wishing all gracious Benedictions from God, y* Father/\v
Thro* Jesus Christ our Lord, & only Saviour. >

Candid Seader

EvEBT Man is undoubtedly at Liberty to think. Act and write
Corrospondant to the plan of his own fancy, however Chimerical or
Phantastical it may appear to the View of another provided he acts
agreeable to the Dictates of his Conscience aod the Moral Charac-
ter of his Creator, and for his thus behaving himself (in most cases)
is responsible to none but his God, aad his Conscience, and he may
claim y® Liberty to find fault w^ others as others have reason to do
so with him This being the Case I hope I may pass uncensur'd for
this my performance in a Carping and Captious Age, its design is
purely adapted to my Sole and Private use, without any view of
Cultivating it for the Advantage of others. And Consequent here-
unto, I having taken an Uncommon liberty in Ranging and
Marshalling these my Materials, so as to Errect a Strange and
unsightly pile in the View of Some who love no performance but
their own and its a pleasure to me to Collect this Melancholy
Draught, and to Animadvert on those Mournful Occasions which
appears to be the Scorse of this Sad System now the pleasure
resulting from hence is not y« Origin of the facts but the Effects
produced and Deducted therefrom Some of the persons took notice
of in these pages (now under the Clods of the Earth) were nearly
related to me, and those Sad Vacancies yt Death hath made in my
Family hath verily Cost me a large Share of pensive Mourning
Some others of them were my plesant Companions in Christian
Conversation But now Death hath dissolved those bands of Amity
and thoy are Silent in the dust And those Sermons

preached at their fanerals are to be Eemembered^ & practiced as
Warnings to me to get Eeadj for my own Exit and Departure out
of the World Which is the primary and proper use, we are to
make of such funeral Discourses for when we are once Engrasped
in Death's frozen Arms and made Subjects of his dark Territories
then all our Work will be at an End, and if we. are then found
Unconverted, we are ruined, and Nonplusht for ever But not to
insist any Longer by way of Preface I bid you adieu, & Subscribe
my Self

Yours, to please You, When I think proper

Th. Bbittain

Chalton Nov^ 1&^
1741.

orlaliljr Jlememlrtreb*

Feb. 23<». 1721.
Joseph Mead of Stretley
Was anciently a Member of the Cburcli of Stonystratford and my
Kinsman, He was buried at Luton Meeting place and his Funeral
Sermon Was preached at the time & place of his Burial, By Mr.
Thomas Marsom Elder of Luton Church and the Text was in
Hebrews 11. 13 These all dyed in Faith. He was an Old Man, and
followed to the Grave by his Widow & Nine Children he was
Buried on the 23^. of February, 1720-1.

Apr. 2l8t 1733.
John Beittain of Stonystratford
Was my Dear and Honoured Father, the loss of whom, 1 have
reason to mourn for n ot only as he to whom I (under God) owe
my being, but likewise as a Useful and Sincere friend in Spiritual
Affairs. He Underwent many Changes in this inhospitable World,
and at Last By a Languishing Distemper The Lord put an End to
his Troublesom life by taking him to himself. Which was about
12 a Clock, on Thursday April 19th. 1733 And he was Buried in
the Baptist Meeting Yard on the Saturday following at which time
and place Mr. Joseph Jenkins, then of Winslow (but since dead)
did preach the funeral Sermon, and the Text which was Chosen by
nay dear Parent, was Job : 19. 26, 26, 27 For I know that my
Bedeemer liveth and that he shall stand at the latter day upon ye
Earth And tho after my Skin, Worms destroy this Body, Yet in
my flesh I shall see God, Whom I shall see for my self, and mine
Eyes shall behold, and not another, though my reins be Consumed
within me.

But on this Subject I shall say no more
Because, at Large, I've treated on't before.

Aug: 10*\ il73i.

Maby Beittaih of Chalton

Was the Daughter^ and Only Child of Eicbard Thompson late of
ShidlingtoD, Unto Whom I was Nearly related in the Conjugal
Bonds, as being the Wife of my Youth, and an agreeable Companion
in an unkind World. A person of Piety and great Virtue, and of
great Vivacity and deep penetration And had it pleased the Divine
Being to have blest her with health & that proper agility of Body,
which she had of mind^ I should have been as happy in the Matri-
monial Station as most persons living But that G-od whose Wisdom
is inscrutable, and Judgments unsearchable laid his hand very heavy
upon her by a distortion of joints, and Contraction of Nerves,
Imbecillity of Tendons, and Stagnation of the Juices, as at last
rendered her Decripid, and unactive to the last degree, which
attended with Various Concomitants^ & appendages thereunto
belonging, Bendered her Case the most affecting & Melancholly
She in this furQace of Affliction was often poured from Vessel
to Vessel and had a large potion of G-all & Wormwood intermixt
with those Minute intervals of Comforts that a kind Ood imparted
to her She Struggled under these Insuperable difficulties for many
years at Last it pleased G-od to release her from that long train of
Tribulation and Sorrow, by Calling her out of this World by Death
and thereby discharging her from all her pain & grief Which was
on Thursday August the Eighth^ 1734, About 10 a Clock in the
Evening and On Saturday Aug. 10 : She was laid to Sleep in her
bed of Dust in the Baptist Meeting House- Yard at Leighton, at
Which time and place her funeral Sermon was preached by Mr.
Eichard Butler^ Elder of Berkhamsted and he being to Chuse a
Text, He preacht from the Words Psalm 17. 15. As for me I shall
behold thy face in Eighteousness I shall be Satisfyed when I awake
in thy Likeness and a Very pertinent and Seasonable discourse it
was indeed he (at my request) preached the Same Sermon from y^
Text the next day at my House at Chalton^ for the Sake of those
who had not the Opportunity to hear it at the time of her funeral.
She dyed in the thirty fourth Tear of her Age, being bom in 1700
Having been Married Ten Years, Nine Months and Eighteen days,
and was the Mother of five Children, Three of Whom are yet
living. And for a further View of her Afflictive life and comfortable
death I Eefer Tou to the History of my Own life, Volume IF.

Jan: 7'\ 1738.
James Brittain of Chalton
Was my Son, an Infant^ that took a small Yieve of this Worlds Just
y\ it might be said (he was here) & then fled into Eternity, he
scarse knew any thing of this World Except the pains & Miseries
thereof for before he had been on this Globe three qaarters of a
Year God removed him to brighter & more Serene Begions he was
took away from this State January 4^^. and buried the Seventh day
of the Said Months 1738 in my Own Garden and my kinsman
Joshua Mead of Luton preached at the same time a funeral Sermon
from Job : 30. 23. For I know that thou wilt bring me to Death and
to the House apppointed for all Living; it was a Discourse indeed.

Aug** 3^. 1746.
John Bbittain Late of Chalton
Was my Son and an hopeful Youth, Whom I did hope would have
lived to have been a Comfort to my Old Age But divine Providence
deprived me of that Expectation And removed him by the Stroke
of Death into Eternity in the flower of his Youth, or Bather in the
Bloom of his days, for in the Time of the Late Horrid Bebellion,
This my Beloved Son Enlisted himself in one of the New-Saised
Begiments to Suppress that Diabolical Crew that Threatened ruin
to Our Nation and all that was dear to us Under the Command of
his Dis-Grace^ John Bussel the Duke of Bedford, and So went
with the Begiment from one place to Another about the Kingdom
and was a long while in the Town of New Castle upon Tine in the
County of Northumberland^ and then my Dear Son with the Best
Bemoved to the city of Durham where he fell of the Small Pox,
which put an End to his life, and his Warfare and all the various
Sorrows & difficuties of that Sad Winter of 1745 & 6 It was about
the 26*^. of March 1746 that he Left this Sorrowful Worid, and
before he was Twenty Years of Age. He so Young Acted an
Honourable part to his King and Country in freely Engaging in so
hazzardous a Case which will be to his honour and I hope that God
hath taken him to the Mansions of Glory I did not hear of his
Death for a long time after. And when I had the Sorrowful News
confirmed, I desired My good Friend and Brother Mr. Henry
Finch to preach a funeral Sermon for my Son Which he accordingly
did, at Sundon August. 3^. 1746. The Text that I chose pertinent
to the Solemn and Mournful Occasion, and Which he preached
from was Lam. 3. 32 Though He cause Grief, yet will he have

Compassion on us. According to the Multitude of his Mercies. And
So I lost my Son on Earth But I hope to See him in Heaven and
Glorj. It was a Sad Scene of Orief to Me, But Blessed be the
Lord Who hath still great Compassion on me according to the
Multitude of his Mercies.

May 2*. 1749.
Samuel Mabsom of Luton
Was a G-entleman of great Substance in the World being a Linnen*
Draper A Solicitor in Law, and likewise an Eminent Minister of
the G-ospel. But, Notwithstanding all his Attainments, and
Endowments, He was Arrested by a Wasting Lingering Distemper,
which Terminated in his Death and put a final Period to all his
busie Actions of Life, He was in great Pomp and State Laid in y®
Grave in^the Baptists Meeting-house yard at Luton, and at that
Time (Before his Corps were Interred) a funeral Sermon was
preached for him, by the Reverend, and famous Mr. Samuel
Wilson of London (since dead) And the Text was Acts 16. 17
These Men are the Servants of the Most high God, Which Shew
unto us, the way of Salvation, and a fine Discourse it was, Making
proper Allowances for his Notions, And an Orration.was made at
the Grave But the Audience was so great and I so little, that I
know not what it was. This the day of his Burial was on Tuesday,
May 2^ 1749 His Age was not great. Nor his Tears many. Yet
Death removed him into the World of Spirits (I hope) above.

CURIOUS ACCOUNT

OV THX

DUCHESS OF BEDFORD,

/JV THE REIGN OF EDWARD IV.,

WHO WAS OHABGBD WITH

HAVING BY WITCHCRAFT FIXED THE LOVE OF THE
KING ON HER DAUGHTER QUEEN ELIZABETH.

Jitmislitli lis % l^ns of $avliammt of 9tfr €f)rfDarli SF,

Edited by
THOMAS WRIGHT, ESQ., M.A., F.S.A., &c.

(In the Proceedings against Dame Alice Kyteler, ) for the Camden Society,

PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY J. TAYLOR & SON.

1867.

limarMIe Case of t|e §m\ts& si ^tbM,

Charged with hamng hy Witchcraft fixed the love of the King
on her Daughter Queen Elizabeth,

" Edward by the grace of God, kyng of Englond and of
Fraimce, and lord of Irland, to the reverent fader in Q-od
Bobert byshope of Bathe and "Wells, oure chaimceller, greting.
Forasmoche as we send nnto you within these oure lettres
the tenure of an acte of oure grete counsail, amonge othir
thinges, remaynyng in thoffice of oure prive seal, in fourme
as folowith : In the ehambre of the grete counsaill, eallid the
parliment - chambre, within the kyngs paleis att "West-
minster, the X. day of Pebruarie, theixth yere of the regno of
oure sOveraygne lord the kyng Edward the Illlth, in the
presence of the same oure soveraigne lord, and my lordis of
his grete.counsail, whos names ben under writen, a supplicacion
addressed unto oure said soveraygne lord, on the behalf of the
high and noble princesse Jaquet duchesse of Bedford, and
two sedules in papier annexed unto the same supplicacion,
were openly, by oure saide soveraygne lordis commaundement,
radde ; and afbirward his highnes, by thavis of my said lordis
of his grete counsaill, acceptyng efksones the declaracion of
my said lady specified in the said supplicacion, accordyng to
the peticTon of my said lady, commaunded the same to be
enacted of record, and therupon lettres of exemplificacion to
be made under his grete seal in due fourme ; the tenure of the
supplicacion and oedules, wherof above is made mencion

hereafter ensue in this wjse. To the kyng onre soveraygne
lord ; shewith and lamentably complayneth unto your highnes
your humble and true liegewoman Jaquet duehesse of Bedford,
late the wyf of your true and faithfull knyght and liegeman
Eichard late erle of Byvers, that where shee at all tyme hath,
and yit doth, treuly beleve on God accordyng to the feith of
Holy Chirche, as a true cristen woman owith to doo, yet
Thomas Wake squier, eontrarie to the lawe of Q-od, lawe of
this land, and all reason and good consciens, in the tyme of
the late trouble and riotous season, of his malicious disposicion
towardes your said oratrice of long tyme continued, entendyng
not oonly to hurt and apaire her good name and fame, but
also purposed the fynaU distruccion of her persone, and to
that effecte caused her to be brought in a comune noyse and
disclaundre of wychecraft thorouout a grete part of this youre
reaume, surmytting that she shuld have usid wichecraft and
sorcerie, insomuche as the said Wake caused to be brought to
Warrewyk atte your last beyng there, soreraigne lord, to
dyvers of the lords thenne beyng ther present, a image of lede
made lyke a man of armes, conteynyng the lengthe of a
mannes fynger, and broken in the myddes, and made fast with
a wyre, sayyng that it was made by your said oratrice to use
with the said wichcraft and sorsory, where she, ne noon for
her ne be her, ever sawe it, Gk)d knowith. And over this, the
said Wake for the perfourmyng of his malicious entent above-
said, entreted oon John Daunger, parishe clerk of Stoke
Breweme, in the counte of Northampton, to have said that
there were two other images made by your said oratrice, oon
for you, soveraygne lord, and anothir for oiire soveraigne lady
the queue, wherunto the said John Daunger neyther coude ne
wolde be entreted to say. Wheruppon it lykid your highnesse,
of your noble grace, atte humble sute made unto your
highnesse by your said oratrice, for her declaracion in
the premisses, to send for the said Wake and the
said John Daunger, commaundyng them to attende upon
the reverent fadir in Grod the Ijishop of Carlisle, the

honorable lord therle of Northumberland, and the wor-
shipfuU lords lord Hastyngs and Moimtjoye, and mayster
Soger Eaddyff, to be examined by them of such as
they coude allegge and say anenst your said oratrice in this
behalf ; thaxaminacions afore them had apperith in wrytinge
herunto annexed ; wherof oon bill is conteyning the sayings
of "Wake, and writte with his owne hand; and anothir shewyng
the saiyngs of the said Daunger, and wrete in the presence of
the said lords ; which seen by your highnesse, and many othir
lords in this your grete councell, the xx day of January last
passed, then beyng there present, your said oratrice was by
your grace and theime takyn clerid and declared of the said
noises and disclaundres, which as yet remaygneth not enacted;
forsomuch as divers your lords were then absent. Wherfor
please it your highnesse, of your most habundant grace and
grete rightwisnesee, tenderly to consider the premisses, and
the dedaracion of your said oratrice had in this behalf, as is
afore shewid, to commaunde the same to be enacted in this
youre said grete counsaill, so as the same her declaration may
allway remaigne there of record, and that she may have it
exemplified undir your grete seall : And she shaU continually
pray to €k)d for the preservacion of your most royal estate.

''Thomas Wakes bille. Sir, this ymage was shewed and
left in Stoke with an honest persone, which dely verid it to the
clerk of the said chirche, and so shewid to dyvers neighbours,
aftir to the parson in the chirche openly to men both of
Shytlanger and Stoke ; and aftir it was shewed in Sewrisley a
nounry, and to many other dyvers persones, as it is said, &c.
And of all this herd I nor wist no thyng, till after it was sent
me by Thomas Kymbell from the said clerc, which I suppose
be called John Daunger, which cam home to me, and told me
as I have said to my lord of CarliMe and to your maistershipp,
from which saying as by herdsay I neither may nor will vary.
And yf any persone will charge me with more than I have
said, I shall discharge me as shall accord with my trouthe and
dutee.

'^John Daungers bille. John Daunger, of Slietyllanger,
sworn and examined, saitli, tliat Thomas Wake send unto hym
oon Thomas Kymbell, that tyme beyng his bailly, and bad the
said John to send hym the ymage of led that he had, and so
the said John sent it by the said Thomas Kymbell, att which
tyme the same John said that he herd never noo wiehecrafb of
my lady of Bedford. Item, the same John saith, that the
said 3rmage was delyvered unto hym by oon Harry Kyogeston
of Stoke ; the which Harry fonde it in his owne hous afber
departyng of soudeours. Item, the same John saith, that the
said Thomas Wake, after he cam from London, fro the kyng,
send for hym and said that he had excused hymself and leyd
all the blame to the said John ; and therfor he bad the said
John say that he durst not kepe the said image, and that he
was the cause he send it to the said Thomas Wake. Item,
the same John saith, that the said Thomas Wake bad hym say
that ther was two othir ymages, oon for the kyng, and anothir
for the queue; but the said John denyed to say soo. Present
my lords whos names foloweth ; that is to say, my lordis the
cardinall and archebishop of Caunterbury, tharchebishop of
York, the byshops of Bathe, chauncellor of Englond, Elye,
tresorer of Englonde, Eouchester, keper of the privie seall,
London, Duresme, and Karlill j therls of Warrewyk, Essex,
Northumberland, Shrewsbury, and Kent ; the lords Hastings,
Mountjoye, Lyle, Crowmell, Scrope of Bolton, Say, &c."

These charges were revived after the king's death, as we
learn by the " Act for the Settlement of the Crown upon the
king and his issue, with a Eecapitulation of his Title," of
which the following is an extract.*

"Over this, amonges other things, more specially wee consider
howe that, the tyme of the reigne of kyng Edward the iiij*^
late deceased, after the ungracious pretensed marriage, as all
England hath cause soo to say, made betwixt the said king
Edward and Elizabeth sometyme wife to sir John Grrey knight,

* Rot. Pari. 1 Rio. III. printed in the Rolls of Parliament, voL vi. p. 240.

late nameing herself and mmf jean heretofore quene of
Englond, the ordre of all poletique rule was preverted, the lawes
of Gt>draiid of Gk>dfl churdi, afid also the lawes of nature and
of Ikiglondy and also the laudable customes and liberties of
the same, wherein eyery Englishman is inheritor, broken,
subverted, and contempned, against all reason and justice, soo
that this land was ruled by selfewill, and pleasure, feare, and
drede, all manner of equite and lawes layd apart and despised,
whereof ensued many inconvenients and mischiefs, as murdres,
extorsions, and oppressions ; namely, of poore and impotent
people, soo that no man was sure of his lif, land, ne lyyelode,
ne of his wif, doughter, ne servaunt, every good maiden and
woman standing in drede to be ravished and defouled. And
besides this, What discords, inwaM battailles, effusion of
ehristian mens blode, and namely by the destruction of the
noble blode of this londe, was had and comitted within the
same, it is evident and notarie thourough all this reame, unto
the great sorowe and hevynesse of all true Englishmen. And
here also we considre, howe that the seid pretensed mariage
betwixt the above-named king Edward and Elizabeth G-rey
was made of grete presumption, without s the knowyng and
assent of the lords of this lend, and also by sorcerie and
wichecrafte, committed by the said Elizabeth and her moder
Jaquett duchesse of Bedford, as the coipmon opinion of the
people, and the publique voice and fame is thorough all this
land ; and hereafter, if and as the cans shall require, shall bee
proved sufficiently in tyme and place convenient. And here also
we consider, howe that the said pretensed marriage was made
privatly and secretely, without edition of banns, in a private
chamber, a prophane place, and not openly in the face of the
church, afbre the lawe of G-oddes churche, but contrarie there-
unto, and the laudable custome of the church of Englonde.
And howe, also, that at the tyme of contract of the same
pretensed marriage, and bifore and longe tyme after, the said
king Edward was and stode maryed and trouth-plight to oone
dame Elianor Butteler, doughter of the old earl of Shrewesbury,

with whome the same king Edward had made a precontracte
of matrimonie, long tyme bifore he made the said pretensed
manage with the said Elizabeth Orey, in manner and fourme
abovesaid. Which premiBses being true, as in veray trouth
they been true, it appeareth and foUoweth evidently that the
said king Edward duryng his lif, and the seid Elizabeth, lived
together sinfully and dampnably in adultery, against the lawe
of Gt>d and of his churche ; and therefore noo marraile that,
the Bouverain lord and the head of this land being of such
ungodly disposicion, and proyokyng the ire and indignacion
of oure Lord Gtod, such haynous mischieffs, and inconyenients,
as is above remembred, were used and comitted in the reame
amongs the subgects. Also it appeareth evidently and fol-
loweth that all thissue and children of the seid king Edward
been bastards, and unable to inherite or to dayme any thing
by inheritance by the lawe and custome of Englond.'*

sw^^.

RELATION

A MEMORABLE PIECE

WITCHCRAFT,

^ fMUt nesr isirmtii, in ||[ott|p|ton8|[irt

Af the House of Widdcw Stiffs whose youngest Daughter vomited

in less than three days three Gallons of Water and a

vast quantity of Stones and Coals.

WITH OTHER REMARKABLE ACTIONS.
Contained in a Letter of Mr. G. Clark to Mr. M. T.

PRINTED & PUBLISHED BY TAYLOR & SON.
J867. '

Qlanvxl's Baduoismus Tbiumfhatus.
London^ i68l.

Contained in a Letter of Mr, G, Clark to Mr,
M. T, touching an house haunted in Welton near
Daventry,

SIB,

I Send you here a Belatdon of a very me-
morable piece of Witchcraft as I sup-
pose, which would fit Mr. More gallantly.
I first heard the story related to Sir Jtutini-
an Isham by a Eeverend Minister, of his own
experience. Sir Justinian would have had
me gone to the place, which I could not
then do. But a little after going to visit a
firiend, and not thinking of this, my friend
told me the story, the place being near
him, and the principal man concerned in
the story being a Eolation of his, and one
that I myself had some acquaintance with.
He had occasion to go to this Mans house
for some deeds of Land, and I went with
him for satisfaction touching this story,
which I had to the full, and in which I
could not but acquiesce, though otherwise I
S s 4f 'am

am yery chary, and hard enough to be-
lieve passages of this nature.

The Story is this, At Welton within a
Mile of Daventry in Northamptofuhirey where
live together Widdow Cowley^ the Grand-
mother, Widdow Stiff the Mother, and her
two Daughters. At the next house but
one, Uve another Widdow Cowley^ Sister to
the former Widdow Qncley, Mos^s Chwiey my
acquaintance her Son, and Moses his Wife,
having a good Estate in Land of their own,
and very civil and orderly people. These
three told me, that the younger of the
two Daughters, ten years of age. Vomited
in less than three days, three Gallons of
Water to their great Admiration. After
this the elder Wench comes running, and
tells them, that now her Sister begins to
Vomit Stones and Coals. They went and
were Eye-witnesses, told them till they
came to Five hundred. Some weighed a
quarter of a pound, and were so big, as
they had enough to do to get them out of
her mouth, and he professed to me, that
he could scarce get the like into his mouth,
and I do not know how any one should,
if they were so big as he shewed the like
to me. I have sent you one, but not a
quarter so big as some of them were. It
was one of the biggest of them that were
left and kept in a bag. Thia Vomiting last-
ed

ed About a fortnight, and hath WitnoBses
good store.

In the mean time they tibrew hards of
ilax upon the fire, which would not blaze
thqugh blown, but dwindled away. The
Bed-clothes would be thrown off the Bed.
Mif$e8 Cowley told me, that he laid them
on again several times, they all coming out
of the Boom, and go but into the Parlour
again, and they were off again. And a
strike of Wheat standing at the Beds feet,
set it how they would, it would be thrown
down again. Once the Coffers and things
were so transposed, as they could scarce
stir about the Eoom. Once he laid the Bible
upon the Bed, but the Clothes were thrown
off again, and the Bible hid in another
Bed. And when they were all gone into
the Parlour, as they used to go together,
then things would be transposed in the
Hall, their Wheel taken in pieces, and part
of it thrown under the Table. In their
Buttery the Milk would be taken off the
Table, and set on the ground, and once
one- Panchion was broken, and the Milk
spilt. A seven pound weight with a ring
was hung upon the Spigot, and the Beer
mingled with Sand and all spoiled, their
Salt mingled most perfectly with Bran.

Moies

Mmbb his Mother said that their Flax
was thrown out of a Box, she put it in
again, it was thrown out again; she put
it in again and lockt the Box, trying by
the hasp or lid (as they used to do) whe-
ther it was fast, it was so. But as soon as
her back was turned the Box was unlocked,
and the Elax was thrown out again. Moses
said that when he was comiug out of the
Parlour, he saw a loaf of Bread tumbled off
the form, and that was the first thing he
saw. Afber a Womans Patten rose up in
the house, and was thrown at them. He
heard the Comb break in the Window,
and presently it flew at them in two pieces.
A Knife rose up in the "Window, and flew
at a Man, hitting him with the haft. An
Ink-glass was thrown out of the Window
into the floor, and by and by the stopple
came after it. Then every day abundance
of stones were thrown about the house
which broke the Windows, and hat the
People, but they were the less troubled,
because all this while no hurt was done to
their Persons, and a great many People be-
ing in the room the wheat was thrown
about amongst them.

I was in the house where I saw the Wiu-
dows which were still broken, and the

People

People themselyes shewed me where the
several particulars were done. The Grand-
mother told me that she thought she had
lost half a strike of Wheat, and the like
happened to some latches in the Bam.
One Mr. Bobert Olark a Gentleman being
hat with the stones, bad the Baker at the
Door . look to his Bread well, and by and
by a handful of crums were thrown into
his lap. They^ could see the things as they
came, but no more.

At last some that had been long suspected
for Witches were Examined, and one sent
to the Ghi.ol, where it is said she plays her
pranks, but that is of doubtful credit. I
asked the Old Woman whether they were
tree now. She said that one Night since,
they heard great knockings and cruel noise,
which scared them worse than all the rest,
and once or twice that week her cheese
was crumbled into pieces and spoiled. I
was there about May^day^ 1658. This is all
that I remember at present. I have heard
several other stories, and two or three
notable ones lately from Mens own Ex-
perience, which in reason I was to believe
as I did. But in my Judgment this outgoes
all that I know of, it having so much of
sense and of the day time, so many and
so credible Witnesses beyond all cavil and

exception.

etception. I will trouble you no furthei^,
but eommending you to the f i^tectiofi of
Gh>d Afanigbty, I take my leate and te^

Tours, ^

Loddington Mojf
22th. 1658.

&. Otark,

WILLIAM CAKLT.

** Atteicpt obbat THDras, Expect obbat thdios.**

BIOGRAPHICAL AND LITERARY NOTICES

fVilliam Carey^ D.D.^

THE ENGLISH PATRIARCH OF INDIAN MISSIONS

AND THE

FIRST PROFESSOR OF THE SANSKRIT AND OTHER ORIENTAL
LANGUAGES IN INDIA.

COMPBISmO

Extracts frofn Church Books, Autograph MSS.,
and other Records.

ALSO

A LIST OF INTERESTING MEMENTOES

Connected with Caebt.

With Bibliographical Lists of JVorks relating to, or written hy Carey ;
and pertaining to Baptist Missions in the East, etc,

ginb gibbfnba.
Portrait and Illustrations of places Associated with Carey.

|[orl^ampton :
The DRYDEN PRESS, TAYLOR & SON, 9 College Street.

Jfonbon :
ALEXANDER & SHEPHEARD, 21 Furnival Street, E.C.

1886.

STfie BrsOnt "^xtM.

Tatlor & Bon,
Pbintbrs.

9 COLLBOB StBBET, NOBTHAMFTOIT.

R E F A C E.

This following pages are offered as a contribution to Missionary Literature :
giving, as they do, authentic notes of the early missionary efforts made in
Northamptonshire ; and shewing the wealth of material available to the seeker
for a record of Christian Missions. Many of these memoranda have been only
known heretofore to a few connected with the individual churches whose
records are now laid under contribution, and have never before been printed.
Other extracts, pertaining to the life of Cttrey, are obtained from bye-paths of
literature not accessible to the general reader ; and these, it may be hoped,
will help in the presentation of ** so fine a subject to encourage the friends of
Christian Missions, and to inspire young men with a spirit of persevering
labour in the cause of Missions.'*

The notices, though ample, must not be considered as exhaustive of the
subject ; had time permitted much more might have been accomplished. The
references will be helpful and suggestive to students of history. The editions
quoted are the earliest we have been able to consult.

Our best thanks are due to the Kevs. Dr. Angus, of Regent's Park College;
Dr. Culross, of Bristol College ; Dr. George Smith, of Serampore House,
Edinburgh ; J. B. Myers, of the Mission House ; The Keligious Tract Society ;
The British and Foreign Bible Society ; Revs. J. T. Brown, C. B. Lewis,
J. Thew, T. Martin ; John Walcot, Esq., Edinburgh ; T. Cooke, Esq., of
Leicester; R. Cust, Esq., of London; and many other gentlemen who have
rendered Valuable assistance.

We are indebted to the Committee of the Religious Tract Society for the
portrait of Dr. Carey, with permission for its use ; and to Mr. Stevenson for
the tracings of the sketches.

JOHN TAYLOR.

Norihamptonf

May, 1886.

CONTKNTS-

Pagt,

Extract from College Lane Church Book 1

Extracts from Dr. Rjland's Text Book 1

Extracts from the Ohiey Church Book 1

Extracts from the Moidton Church Book 2

Letter of Request on behalf of the Church at Moulton ... 3

Letter from Dr. Carey on behalf of the Church at Moulton . 5

Extracts from the Harvey Land Church Book, Leicester . . 6

Breviates — The Northamptonshire Association of Baptist Churches 8

Formation of the Baptist Missionary Society

Charge to the Missionaries at the Farting Meeting at Leicester

Supplies for the Brethren in India

Extract from a Letter to Dr. By land 9

Extract from Baker's History of Northamptenshire ... 10

Extract from Cardiner'a Music and Friends .... 15

Extract from William Carey. By James Culross, D.D. . . 16

Copy of Letter from Mr. Carey to his Father . . . . 17

Copy of Letter from Dr. Carey to his Sisters 18

Copy of his Last Will 18

Copy of Marriage Agreement Paper 20

Extract from a Letter from the Rev. J. B. Vincent . . . 21

Minute on the Records of the Baptist Missionary Society . . 21
Account of Dr. Carey's Death in the Religious Tract Society's

Report for 1835 22

Memorial adopted by the Committee of the British and Foreign

Bible Society on the Death of the Rev. Dr. Carey ... 23

Memorial Stone upon the Site of Dr. Carey's Birth-place . . 24

Epitaph on Tombstone to the memory of Dr. Carey's Father . 24

Inscription on Tablet in Belvoir Sti*eet Chapel, Leicester . . 25

Inscription on Tablet in Moulton Chapel 25

Portraits of Dr. Carey, &c 26

Autograph MS8. of Dr. Carey . 26

Articles at the Baptist Mission House, London, relating to Carey 27

Dr. Carey's Sign Board 28

VI.

The Buat of Dr. Carey 29

CommeraoTative Medals 29

life of David Brainerd 30

Hall*8 "Help to Zion*s Travellers" 30

The First Misfdonary Collection 30

Subbcriptions and Expenditures of the First Year of the Baptist

Missionary Society, 1792, 1793 31

Extracts from the Diary of Dr. Ilyland 33

The Daisy, by James Montgomery 34

Extract from Speech by Dr. Kyland 36

Extract from a Letter to Mr. Sutcliff 36

Extract from Letter of Mr. Carey to his Wife .... 37

Extracts from the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal . 37
Extract from the Journal of the Agricultural and Horticultural

Society of India 38

Extract from Memoir of William Yates, D.D., of Calcutta . 39

Copy of Letter from the Rev. John Mack 40

'* The Consecrated Cobbler" 40

Extract from the Baptist Reporter, July, 1844 .... 79

Extract from the Freeman, March 20, 1885 81

Extract from the Northampton Gruardian, March 28, 1885 . . 82

Silk Scarf Presented to Dr. Carey, in the Baptist College, Bristol 82

Dr. Carey Visited by Alexander Duff 82

Appointed to the College of Fort William 83

William Wilberf orce on Carey 84

Money Estimate of his Life 85

His Influence as the Founder of Modem Missions ... 86

Father of the Second Reformation 87

His Last Letter 87

His Death 87

Vernacular Translators of the Bible 88

Thirty-Six Translations of the Bible, made and edited by

Dr. Carey at Serampore 89

The Bible in Bengali 90

Latest Justifit^ation of Carey's Pioneer Work . . . . .91
Commencement of the Translation of the Scriptures into the

Kative Languages 92

Carey first Proposes the Oriental Translations to the British and

Foreign Bible Society 93

The First Printer's Bill for the Translations .... 95
Historical Table of Languages and Dialects in which the Trans-
lation, Printing, or Distribution of the Scriptures have been

issued by the Serampore Mission 96

The Library of Lord Spencer at Althorp 97

Br. Carey and the Bengali Version of the ScriptnreB ... 98

Laborious Work of a Translator 98

Dr. Wenger on the Translations of Dr. Carey .... 99

Extracts from Letter from Mr. Carey, 1795 100

I Education of the Girls and "Women of Bengal . . . ' . 101

Estimate of Carey's Genius and Influence 101

j The Showboard of Dr. Carey 102

^ The Life of Dr. Carey — Letters from the King of Denmark,

/ Dr. Allon, and Rev. C. H. Spurgeon 103

/ MS. of Dr. Carey on the Psalter 104

[ The Baptism of Dr. Carey in the Biver Nen 106

BrBLlOGBAPHICAL LiST OF WoSKS BELATINO TO WlLLIAlC CaSET 41

BlBLIOOBAFHICAL LlST OF THE WbITING^S OF Db. CaBET AJSTH
BefLIES TO them; with TbANSLATIONS IBST7ED BY THB

Sebampobs Missionabies .... ... 51

BlBUOaBAPHICAL LiST OF WOBES PEBTAININO TO BaFTIST MISSIONS

IN THB East, etc 63

Books in the Bbistol Colleob Libbaby 107

l.{0t Of SUttdtratiottft.

Portrait of Dr. Carey.

Carey's Birthplace, Paulerspury.

Carey's College, Hackleton.

Carey's Cottage and School, Piddington.

Carey's House, Moulton.

Carey Chapel, Moulton.

Harvey Lane Chapel, Leicester.

College Lane Chapel, Northampton.

House at Kettering in which the Baptist Missionary Society was
formed, Oct. 2, 1792.

Castle Hill Chapel. — *' Auncient Castle Ruynous." — The Nene
where Carey was Baptized.

Facsimile of Dr. Carey's Signboard.

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Extract from College Lane Church Book.

A List of Persons baptized by the Pastors of the Church in
College Lane since June 8. 1781 :

1783.
No. 20. Oct. 5. Mr. Carey a Member of the Church at Hackleton,
now a Preacher since Pastor of the Church at Moulton, then at
Leicester, now a most Labourous Missionary in the East Indies.
— D.D.

Extracts from Dr. Ryland's Text Book.

[The texts from which the Dr. preached the Sunday he baptized Carey.]

1783.
Oct. 5. College Lane (M.) Matt. xix. 30. But many first shall be

College Lane (A.)
College Lane (Ev.)

last & the last first.
Ps. li. 10. Renew in me a right spirit.
Ps. li. 10 do do

Extracts from the Olney Church Book.

1785.
June 17. A request from William Carey of Moulton in Northamp-
tonshire was taken into consideration. He has been and still is
in connection with a society of people at Hackleton. He is
occasionally engaged with acceptance in various places in speak-
ing the word. He bears a very good moral character. He is
desirous of being sent out from some reputable & orderly church
of Christ, into the work of the Ministry. The principal Question

debated was "In what manner shall we receive him ? by a Letter
from the people at Hackleton, or on a profession of faith &c. ? "
The final resolution of it was left to another Church Meeting.

July 14. 1785. Ch. Meeting. W. Carey (see June 17) appeared
before the Church, and having given a satisfactory account of the
work of God upon his so.ul, he was admitted a member. He
had been formerly baptized by the Revd. Mr. Ryland junr. of
Northampton He was invited by the Church to preach in public
once next Lord*s Day.

July 17. Ch. Meeting Lord's Day Evening. W. Carey, in con-
sequence of a request from the Church, preached this Even-
ing. After which it was resolved, that he should be allowed
to go on preaching at those places where he has been for some
time employed; & that he should engage again on suitable
occasions for sometime before us, in order that farther trial may
be made of his ministerial Gifts.

June 16. 1786. C. M. The case of Bro'. Carey was considered,
and an unanimous satisfaction with his ministerial abilities being
expressed, a vote was passed to call him to the Ministry at a
proper time.

Aug 10. Ch. Meeting. This evening our Brother William Carey
was called to the work of the Ministry, and sent out by the
Church to preach the Gospel, wherever God in his providence
might call him.

April 29. 1787. Ch. M. After the Ord« Our Brother Willm
Carey was dismissed to the Church of Christ at Moulton in
Northamptonshire, with a view to his Ordination there.

Extracts from the Moulton Church Book.

Mr. Carey came to Moulton Lady Day 1785 and left at Mid-
summer i789=4i years. Was at Leicester 3! years.

1786.
Nov. 2. Agreed universally to Call our Minister Mr Carey to the
Office of Pastor, which was accordingly done — and Consented to
on his Part.

1787.

Feb. I. Mr. Carey agreed to accept our Call to the Pastoral Office.

May 3. At our Church meeting our Brother Wm. Carey was received
by a letter of Dismission from the Baptist Church at Olney, in
the Double Character of a Member and Minister and his Ordina-
tion was Settled or appointed to be on Wednesday Aug. i agreed
that Mr. Ryland Jun' shall ask the Questions Mr. SutclifF preach
the Charge Mr. Fuller to the people.

Aug. 2. Our Brother Wm. Carey having been yesterday ordained our
Elder or Pastor we agreed to administer & receive the Lords
supper next Lord's Day.

Oct. 4. Dinah Padmore, Dorothy Carey and John Padmore were
received into our Communion and on Lords Day foU^. Baptiz'd.

1789.
Apl. 2. Our Beloved Pastor who had been in Considerable straits for
want of Maintenance informed us that the Church at Leicester
bad given him an invitation to make trial with them, on which
account we appointed to meet every Monday Evening for Prayer
on that aflair.

May 7. Our Pastor informed us that be had accepted the Call to
Leicester on which report we agreed.

Letter of Request on hehalf of the Church at Moulton.

To all those who are generously disposed to encourage the Publication
of the everlasting Gospel ; with a View to the Honour of the
Great Redeemer, and the Salvation of perishing Sinners, the
following Case is humbly submitted.

Dear Brethren,

We are a very poor Congregation of the Baptist Denomination,
who assemble for Divine Worship at Moulton, near Northampton,
and are possessed of a small old Meeting-House, which is exceedingly
out of Repair, and one Side Wall is become so ruinous, that we are
justly apprehensive it will be dangerous to meet there much longer.
Besides, it has pleased God, since our present Minister came among
us, to awaken a considerable Number of Persons to a serious Concern
for the Salvation of their Souls 5 and to incline many others to attend
upon the Preaching of the Gospel 3 so that for two Years past we have

not had Room sufficient to contain them, and we have Reason to
believe that Numbers more would attend if we could accommodate them
when they come. The Village is large and populous ; many there,
and in neighbouring Villages, seem inclined to inquire after the Truth.
But we are all so poor, that, upon attempting a Collection among our-
selves, we could raise but a few Shillings above Two Pounds. And yet
the Affair is no longer a Matter of mere Expedience, but of Necessity,
unless we would give up the Gospel, or run the Risque of being buried
in the Ruins of our Building. — We have therefore been advised by
our Friends, not only to repair, but enlarge the Place, which we
intend to do to the Extent of nine Feet in the Width, which will make
it thirty Feet Square ; and as most of the Walls must come down, and
the Roof must be new, we fear it cannot be done under the Expence
of One Hundred Pounds, or upwards.

\^
At the same time, the Peculiar Situation of our Minister, Mr. '^

Carey renders it impossible for us to send him far abroad to collect the

Contributions of the Charitable ; as we are able to raise him but about

Ten Pounds per Annum, so that he is obliged to keep a School for his

Sdpport : And as there are two other Schools in the Town, if he was

to icixve Home to collect for the Building, he must probably quit his

Station on his Return, for Want of a Maintenance. If, therefore, God

should put it into the Heart of any of our Christian Friends at a Distance

to assist us in our Distress and Necessity, we would beg of them to

remit the Money that they may collect for us, to the Care of the Rev.

Mr. Ryland, in Gyles' s- Street, Northampton.

Imploring the Blessing of God on all that may kindly relieve us in
our low Estate, We are willing to subscribe ourselves

Your much obliged and affectionate Friends,

William Oabet, Minister,
Signed in Behalf of the Church and \ Thomas Tipt, Deacon.
Congregation at Moulton, in > William Stappoed.
Northamptonshire, April 2d, 1787. / John Law.

James Dove.

We, whose Names are under-written, believe the above Case to be
truly represented, and worthy of Encouragement.

John Evans, Northampton; Alexandeb Payne, Walgrave ;

RoBEET Halt ., Arnsby ; John Edmonds, Guilsborough ;

Andbew Fullee, Kettering ; J. W. Mobbis, Clipston ;

John Ryland, jun, Northampton ; Richabd Hoppeb, Nottingham ;

John Sutclipp, Olney ; Ebbnbzeb Cook, JDunstable,

Letter from Dr, Carey on Behalf of the Church at Moulton.

To the Ministers and Messengers of the Baptist Churches associated
at Kettering, May 27 & 28. [1788].

Dear Brethren,

We rejoice on account of the Arrival of the Annual Meeting
because we trust that your united Efforts may be exerted to Consult
of means and Measures for the Promotion of the Interest of our
Glorious Saviour, may United fervent Prayers be Offered up and prove
successful, may You yourselves set your Shoulders with redoubled
Vigour to the Work of God in your several departments 3 may all the
Churches esteem the promotion of that Kingdom, as that to which all
their undertakings are subservient, and during your Meeting may the
Gracious Head of the Church afford His presence, and Conimand His
blessing — there is much still to be done for God in this World, many
Errors prevail and need to be made head against and, many Thousands
still are perishing for lack of Knowledge, — this is a time in which
there appears to be peculiar need for all to be well established and
settled in the Glorious truths of the Gospel — all these things Call
loudly upon us, upon you, and upon all the servants of the Lord Jesus,
to watch, and Pray, and Strive with the greatest Diligence in the
Ways & Work of God.

During the Last Year we have as a Church met with many things
Pleasing & Encouraging, and with some of a Painful and distressing
Nature ; through the Abundant mercy of God Peace and unanimity
have prevailed amongst us thro' the Year and we have reason to be
thankful that we have the Word Preached to our Satisfaction, and we
hope to our Edification — at your Last Meeting we informed you that
the increase of our Congregation and the ruinous state of our Meet-
ing House rendered it necessary to pull it down and rebuild & Enlarge
it, which we have accomplished, tho' we still have a very Considerable
Debt upon us. Our new meeting is in general well filled, and a spirit
of attention is kept up in our Congregation, — many from Neighbour-
ing Villages seem dispos'd to attend, and Lectures at the Circumjacent
Places are well attended. During the Year SevVal Young
Persons have appeared Concerned for their Souls which Concern
principally was in the Last summer, and they still afford Reason to
hope that the work is of God, very little of an Enthusiastic Spirit
appears in them, but the Convictions appear to be well grounded &
rational — some instances of Very great distress, darkness and almost
despair have appear'd in some who were under Concern a Year or two
ago, but they appear to have a good effect 5 altho' one or two of our

members seem to be but very little relieved — we have had Six added
on Profession of Faith, who have been baptized. One of our
members is dead, another we have been under the Disagreeable
Necessity of Cutting off from our Communion for non-attendance
upon the Word & Ordinances, she continued to excuse her Conduct,
but yet shew'd no Disposition to act otherwise— some likewise of
whom we had hope last Year have deserted the Cause of God, and are
become more awfully wicked than before their Convictions, the
Monthly Meetings for Prayer are well attended, in general, and a Few-
Friends at Brixworth have lately set up a Monthly Meeting there on
the same Plan,

We have reason to confess and deplore our own Barrenness, dead-
ness, and unfruitfulness ; — Considering the great favours with which a
Gracious and Compassionate God has visited us, we are entirely
inexcusable, may we be duly Humbled, and earnestly excited to
strengthen the things that remain that are ready to die. Pray for a
Revival of Personal Religion amongst us, and may God be with you
all. Wishing you the Greatest Blessings in the Lord we subscribe
ourselves, (at a Church Meeting Call'd for that Purpose Lord's Day
May 25, 1788)

Your affectionate Brethren and Friends,

Wm. Cabey Fastor

Thomas Tipt

John Law
Daniel Wabd
William Law

KOBEBT ByFIELD

Edwabd Smith
Thos. Law
Wm. Hobne
John Pasmobe.

Deacons

in Behalf

of the Church.

Extracts from the Hervey Lane Church Book, Leicbster.

June 22, 1789. Came to supply us, Revd. Mr. Carey, Pastor of a
particular Baptist Church meeting at Moulton : — We understand-
ing his intention of leaving them, gave him an invitation to
supply us as a probationer 5 to which he Complied.

At a church meeting Septr. 1789 as our Hearers increased so that we
bad not room for them to sit conveniently it was agreed to Build
a Front Gallery, which was done by about Feby. 1790. This
with the alterations of some of the Pews below cost about Ninety

eight Pounds. After we had applied to several Churches for
assistance to defray this expense, in Vain, it was agreed to sub-
scribe weekly among ourselves to pay off 60 Pounds which
remained ; this was done by the Minister & many of the Members.
Begun & fin**. 1794

The following Names are taken from the old Church Book> which
stand there as the signatures of those persons to the forgoing
Covenant, which is also taken from the old Church Book.

Members Names By whom Bapt^. No. Removed

Will°» Carey Rec** by letter 14 By Dismission to

from Moulton Mudnabatty, Bengal

May 22, 1 79 1 March 18, 1798.

On Tuesday May 24, 1791 Our Brother Wm. Carey was solemnly
ordained to the Pastoral Office over this Church. Mr. Hopper of
Nottingham proposed the Question to the People & Minister.
Mr. SutclifF of Olney Preached to the Minister, and Mr. Fuller
of Kettering to the People and Mr. Ryland of Northampton
prayed the Ordination Prayer.

[1792]— 1793.

Septr., Octr, Novr, Deer. Jany, no Business of importance Except
that Jany our Pastor gave us Notice that he should leave us in
March, having engaged to go on a Mission to Bengal in the East
Indies.

^793.
March 24. Mr. Carey our Minister left Leicester to go on a Mission
to the East Indies, to take and propegate the Gospel among those
Idolatrous & Superstitious Heathens. This is inserted to shew
his Love to his poor miserable Fellow Creatures ; in this we
concur^, with him, though it is at the Expense of losing one
whom we love as our own souls.

1795-
At our Church meeting Feby. 25 was finally concluded, the payment
of sixty Pounds, the remaining expence of building a front
Gallery, which was done by mutual weekly Contributions : which
begun

1J98. March 18 Church Meeting. By a letter from Mr. Wm.
Carey (our former worthy Pastor, & whom we resigned to the
Mission in Hindostan in Asia) we were informed that a small
church was formed at Mudnabatty 5 & he wished a dismission

from us to it that he might become a member, & have also an
opportunity of becoming its Pastor. We therefore agreed not
only to send his dismission but also to insert it at large in our
Church Book, to preserve to posterity, the memory of an event, so
pleasing and important ; the planting of a Gospel Church in Asia.

The Church of Christ meeting in Hervey Lane Leicester, England
in Europe ; to the Church of Christ of the same faith & order,
meeting in Mudnabatty, Hindostan in Asia, sendeth Christian
Salutation.

Dear Brethren

As our Brother Wm. Carey, formerly our beloved Pastor
requests a dismission from us to you as a Member, we comply. We
earnestly desire that he may be very useful among you both as a
member & as a Minister. Though few in number may you be as a
handful of genuine corn in Hindostan, which may fill all Asia with
Evangelical fruit. The Lord has already done great things for you
whereof you have cause to be glad, we hope ye will make it your
great concern to prize & conform to the glorious Gospel & its holy
institutions. That ye may be filled with Spiritual Light & Life &
Joy ; & abound in the practice of all the fruits of Righteousness is
the ardent prayer of

Your affectionate Brethren in Jesus Christ
in behalf of the whole
Signed at our Church meeting March i8, 1798. By

g ? ^ w S" 5*

l?:»i.5 &'i"p§- /^ Benjamin Cave Fastar.

\ Fbanois Pick
J John Puesbe } JOeaeom.
\JoEN Yatbs

Breyiates. The Northamptonshire Association of Baptist Churches.

Formation of the Baptist Missionary Society,
1792. (Nottingham). Resolved, that a plan be prepared against the
next ministers* meeting at Kettering, for forming a Baptist
Society for propaga ting the Gospel among the Heathens, Brother
Carey generously engaged to devote all the profits, that may
arise from his late publication* on this interesting subject, to
the use of such a society.

* An Enquiry into the Obligations of Christians, to Use Means for the Conyersion
of the Heathens. Leicester, 1792.

Charge to the Missionaries at the Parting Meeting at Leicester,
'793* (Northampton). That having been disappointed respecting the
Preparation of the Circular Letter, through our Brother
Carey* s call to the East-Indies, a Copy of the Charge to the
Missionaries, and of the Letter to the Indian Christians, be
printed, instead of the epistolary address, and a short letter only
be prefixed, tending to excite increasing zeal for the propa-
gation of the Gospel.

Supplies for the Brethren in India.
^794- (Sheepshead). Brother Fuller having been lately in London,
collecting for the Mission, gave a short account of the kind
treatment he had received from gentlemen of different denomi-
nations 3 and of his having, with the advice of some of the
London ministers, sent out a parcel containing fresh supplies
for our Brethren in India. It is with pleasure too we can
inform the friends of the undertaking, that the captain, in
whose ship they went out, has lately written a letter to a friend
in Birmingham, in which he says, he landed them all scje ; and
that they were met hy Ram Ram Boshoo.

Extract from A Letter to Dr. Ryland.*
At the Association at Olney, [June 4, j, & 6, 1782] when Mr.
Guy [of Sheepshead] preached from [2 Peter in. 18.] ''Grow in
grace/* &c., and you in the evening, the very first time that I heard
you, from '' Be not children in understanding j" I, not possessed of a
penny, that I recollect, went to Olney. I fasted all day because I
could not purchase a dinner j but towards evening, Mr. Chater, in
company with some friends from Earl's Barton saw me, and asked
me to go with them, where I remember I got a glass of wine. These
people had been supplied once a fortnight by Messrs. Perry, Chater,
and Raban, in rotation. Mr. C. advised them to ask me to preach to

them I went to Barton j and the friends asked me to go

again. Having thus begun, I continued to go to that place for three
years and a half. I generally went on the Lord's-day morning, and
returned at night, as the distance was but about six miles

A sermon preached by Mr. Horsey, of Northampton, at the
rhantism of an infant, and some conversation with Mr. Hunne, then
on probation at Road, had drawn my mind to the subject of baptism ;
but I do not recollect having read any thing on the subject till I
applied to Mr. Ryland, sen., to baptize me : he lent me a pamphlet,
and turned me over to his son, who after some time baptized me.
• Memoir of William Carey, D.D. By Eustace Carey. 1836.

Extract from Baker* s History of Northamptonshire. 1822-41.
William Carey, D.D. the patriarch of Indian missions, and the
first Oriental professor of languages in India, a striking instance of
innate talent and energy of character emerging from obscurity to emi-
nence, was a native of this village [Paulerspury]. He was not improb-
ably descended from James Gary who was curate from 1624 to 1630 ;
if so, the family underwent a gradual deterioration. His grandfather
Peter Carey may be presumed to have been respectably connected, and
well educated from the peculiarly free and elegant style of his signatures
in the register as parish clerk. His father Edmund Carey was originally
a journeyman tammy weaver, and lived in the very humble cottage in
Fury End represented in the accompanying vignette. Here, William
his eldest child by Elizabeth his (first) wife was born on the 17th of
August 1 761, and baptised on the 23d of the same month.* When
be was about seven years old his father removed to the school house
in Church End on being appointed parish clerk and schoolmaster,
which united offices he filled in a manner which gained him the
respect of his fellow parishioners for nearly half a century. The
elementary instruction imparted by his father constituted the entire
education of the future learned linguist. He early evinced a thirst for
knowledge and a taste for nature ; and his hours of relaxation, instead
of being devoted to customary amusements, were spent in the school
room or the garden. His sister Mary, adverting to his childhood
remarks, " 1 was often carried in his arms on many of his walks ; and
I recollect even now with what delight he used to shew me the
beauties in the growth of plants. When a boy, he was of a studious
turn, and fully bent on learning, and always resolutely determined
never to give up any point or particle of any thing on which his mind
was set, till he had arrived at a clear knowledge and sense of his
subject. He was not to be allured or diverted from it ; he was firm
to his purpose and steady in his endeavour to improve." His term
of pupilage was as limited as his means of improvement ; for at the
age of fourteen years he was bound apprentice to a shoemaker at
Hackleton. In the year 1783, when his religious principles had been
decidedly formed, he joined the dissenters of the Baptist denomination,
and was publicly baptised at Northampton in the river Nen near
Scarlet well by the late Dr. Ryland. He was soon after induced, at
the suggestion of some of his religious friends, to commence village
preaching, but without renouncing his manual occupation; and
persons are still living who remember seeing him on his Saturday walk
to his employer at Northampton, bearing on his back the produce of
• Par. Beg.—'* William Bon of Edmund & Elizabeth Carey. Aug : 23.'*

bis weekly labour. In 1786 he settled at Moulton as pastor of a small
Baptist congregation, and opened a village school as a means of
increasing his narrow income which was much below 5^20 per
annum. He is said to have constructed a globe ot leather; and
whilst pointing out the different nations to his pupils as he naturally
mentioned the religion of each — *' These are Christians and these are
Mahometans, and these are Pagans, and Mwe are Pagans," — it forcibly
struck him " I am now telling these children as a mere fact, thai
which is a truth of the most melancholy character." Thus was he
led to the train of thought which produced his "Inquiry into the
obligations of Christians to use means for the Conversion of the
Heathen ; in which the religious state of the different nations of the
World, the success of former undertakings, and the practicability of
further attempts, are considered." Diffidence, combined with poverty,
however, delayed the publication until 1792 ; and meantime in Sept
1790 he had undertaken the pastoral charge of the Baptist congrega-
tion at Leicester. Not content with advocating through the press the
necessity of missionary exertions, he rested not till he had inspired
his religious connections with similar views, and on the 2d of Oct.
179^ the ministers of the Northamptonshire and Leicestershire
association assembled at Kettering, formed themselves into a Baptist
Missionary Society. The consequent mission to India originated, says
I^r Ryland, " absolutely with Carey ; " and in June 1793 he sealed
the sincerity of his zeal by embarking for India ; and so devoted was
he to his great work that some years after he had engaged in it he
wrote to a friend " I would not change my station for all the society
m England, much as I prize it 3 nor indeed for all the wealth in the
world. May I but be useful in laying the foundation of the church
of Christ in India, I desire no greater reward, and can receive no
higher honor." He arrived in Bengal in November with Mr. Thomas
liis associate, who died soon after. The small investment which they
brought for their establishment was unfortunately sunk in the
Hooghly with the boat which contained it, leaving Carey with his
wife and children in a state of comparative destitution amidst
strangers in a foreign country. Thus desolate, he erected a temporary
dwelling or hut, intending to support bis family by the cultivation of
^and, but in March 1794 he undertook the charge of an indigo factory
Dear Malda. In this neighbourhood he founded schools and preached
as opportunities served. He relinquished his appointment there
towards the close of 1799, and in January following finally fixed his
^sidence at the Danish settlement of Serampore, a place which has
since derived its principal celebrity from being the seat of this mission.

Dr. Carey's aptitude for acquiring languages was his most wonderful
natural endowment. Without the advantages of a classical education
and whilst struggling with poverty, supporting himself first by
manual exertion and then as a village pastor and schoolmaster, by dint
of unaided application he enabled himself, before he left Moulton, to
read his Bible in the Latin, Greek, Hebrew, French, Italian, and
Dutch languages ! This peculiar faculty of his mind was of incal-
culable service to the Missionary cause. On his arrival in India he
naturally applied himself to the Bengalee, the native tongue of the
district in which he was situated ; and in 1796 he added the study of the
Sungskrit, the grand root of all the Eastern dialects. By the close of
1799 he had nearly completed the translation of the holy Scriptures
into the Bengalee ; on the i6th of May 1800 the first sheet of the
New Testament was struck off at the Serampore press, and in rather
more than thirty years he lived to see, principally through his instru-
mentality, the whole or portions of the Sacred Text translated and
printed in forty different dialects.

In i8or his high reputation obtained him the honor of being the
first professor of the Sungskrit, Bengalee, and Mahratta languages in
the college of Fort William at Calcutta founded by marquis Wellesley,
the governor-general. Though the liberal salary of sSi^oo per ann.
was attached to the triple chair, his friends had great difficulty in pre-
vailing on him to accept it ; and the whole surplus of the income,
beyond his necessary expenses, he nobly devoted to the great object to
which he had consecrated his life. About the year 1805 he received a
diploma from one of the Scotch universities, as doctor of divinity. In
the following year he was elected a member of the Asiatic society of
Calcutta 5 and in 1823 was appointed Translator of the laws and
regulations of the governor-general of India in council.

His philological contributions to Oriental literature were immense.
In i8oj he published his Grammar of the Mahratta language, which
reached a second edition (8vo). This was followed by the Sungskrit
Grammar, 4to. 1806 and 1808. Ramayuna of Valmeeki in the
original Sungskrit with a prose translation and explanatory notes ; in
conjunction with Dr. Marshman, 4 vols. 4to. 1806 to 1810.
Mahratta Dictionary, 8vo. r8io. Punjabee Grammar, 8vo. 1812.
Telinga Grammar, 8vo. 1814. Bengalee Dictionary, 3 vols. 4to. 1818.
2d ed. 182J. Bengalee Dictionary, 2 vols. 8vo. 1827 to 1830. The
first volume consists of an abridgement of the 4to edition 5 the second
vol. is a dictionary English and Bengalee by Mr. J. C. Marshman.
Bengalee Grammar, 4th ed. Colloquies in English and Bengalee, 3d ed.

fiobtanfca Dictionary, 4to. 1826. Bohtanta Grammar, in conjunc-
tion with Dr. Marsh man. Kurnata Grammar To

secure the gradual perfection of the translations from the Scriptures,
he projected and with unwearied assiduity collected materials for An
Universal Dictionary of the Oriental Languages derived from the
SuTigskrit ; giving the different acceptations of every word, with
examples of their application in the manner of Johnson, and then the
synonyms in the different languages with the corresponding Greek and
Hebrew terms, always putting the word derived from the Sungskrit
term first, and then those derived from other sources. When this
elaborate work was nearly completed, a fire broke out in Serampore
and burnt down the printing office, destroying the impressions,
together w^ith the copy and other property.

The admiration of nature which shewed itself so strongly in his

boyhood never left him in maturer life, and he found a grateful relief

in botanical and agricultural pursuits, from the almost overwhelming

pressure of his religious duties and philological studies. He had the

choicest garden of any private European in India 3 and when Dr.

Roxburgh returned to his native country, the keys of the government

botanic garden were at his request committed to Dr. Carey, who in

1812 printed the Hortus Bengalensis, or catalogue of the plants in

the Company's botanic gardens at Calcutta. The manuscripts of his

friend Roxburgh were committed to his care, which he edited under

the title of The Flora Medica, first in two volumes in 1821-18243

and afterwards in three volumes in 1832. The Agricultural and

Horticultural society of India originated in the prospectus issued by

Dr. Carey from the Mission house, Serampore, in 1820. When the

first meeting was called, no one appeared excepting Dr. Marsham and

another gentleman, but the plan was soon patronised by the marquis

and marchioness of Hastings 3 Carey was for some time the secretary,

and the institution is now in a flourishing state. To his exertions in

the cause of humanity may be fairly attributed the prevention of

infanticide and of persons devoting themselves to death at Sangur

island. In i8oj he memorialised government for the abolition of the

suttees, or immolation of widows on the funeral piles of their

husbands ; and it was through his influence that the marquis Wellesley

left a minute on retiring from the Indian government, declaring his

conviction that suttees might and ought to be abolished ; though it

was not till December 1829 that the burning or burying alive of the

Hindoo widow, was declared by the governor general in counsel to be

illegal, a day never to be forgotten in India. The doctor took an

active part in the attempt to establish a leper hospital at Calcutta.
The Benevolent Institution in the same city, for the education of the
indigent and neglected Portuguese children, was established by the
senior Serampore brethren in 1809, and has continued under their
management to the present day ; they are entitled also to the merit of
opening the first schools for Hindoo females, and schools for boys
have long been formed at their stations scattered over India.

Dr. Carey attained an age seldom reached by Europeans in IndiJa j
and, though three several times he suffered attacks of fever which
threatened his removal from the world, his invaluable labours were
extended even beyond the allotted span of "three score years and
ten." His health had been gradually declining from the autumn of
1833, but he was only confined to his couch for about a month prior
to his decease — suffering no pain, and retaining his faculties to the
last, he frequently declared be had not a wish left unsatisfied, and
closed his long and useful life on the 9th of June 1834, in the seventy-
third year of his age. He was thrice married; ist. to Dorothy
Plackett of Piddington^ married there in May 1781, and died in

2d. Charlotte Amelia, daughter of the chevalier Rumohr by

the countess of Alfelbtj married May 1808, and died 30th May 1821.

3d. Mrs. Grace Forbes, widow of Forbes, esq. of Calcutta j

married July 1822, and survives him. By his first wife he had three
sons, and it is remarkable, if not an unique circumstance, that in a
climate peculiarly trying to a British constitution, he was spared to see
not only his children's children, but even the third generation.

At the first meeting of the Asiatic society of Calcutta after the
doctor's decease, the bishop of the diocese moved the following tribute
to his memory, which was carried unanimously : " The Asiatic society
cannot note upon their proceedings the death of the rev. William
Carey, D.D. so long an active member and an ornament of this
institution, distinguished alike for his high attainments in the Oriental
languages, for his eminent services in opening the store of Indian
literature to the knowledge of Europe, and by his extensive aquaint-
ance with the sciences, the natural history and botany of this country,
and his useful contributions, in every branch, towards the promotion
of the objects of the society, without placing on record this expression
of their high sense of his value and merits as a scholar and a man of
science; their esteem for the sterling and surpassing religious and
moral excellencies of his character; and their sincere grief for his
irreparable loss.*' Similar tributes of respect to his character, and
acknowledgments of his invaluable missionary services, were entered

on the proceedings of the Baptist Missionary society, the Bible
society, and other religious institutions in England. By his will, he
utterly disclaimed all or any right or title to the premises at Serampore,
called the Mission Premises, and every part and parcel thereof, and
thereby declared that he never had or supposed himself to have any
such right or title. And he bequeathed to the college of Serampore,
the whole of his museum consisting of minerals, shells, corals,
insects, and other natural curiosities 3 and a hortus siccus. Also the
folio edition of Hortus Woburnensis which was given to him by lord
Hastings ; Taylor's Hebrew Concordance ; his collection of Bibles in
foreign languages, and all his books in the Italian and Grerman langu-
ages. Before he' was removed by death from the scene of his labors,
he had the satisfaction of completing the final revision of his transla-
tion of the Scriptures in Bengalee and Sungskrit ; of seeing the infant
Christian church which he had planted, branched out into six and
twenty others in connection with the mission -, and of witnessing thai;
extraordinary change in the moral and religious aspect of British India,
to which, without detracting one iota from what is due to his able
coadjutors, and other zealous labourers in the same field, he must be
considered as having been the principal contributor. Those who are
best acquainted with the history of modem missions, will be the most
ready to assent to the justice of the eloquent eulogy pronounced on
him by the late Robert Hall, who in his funeral sermon for Dr.
Ryland, characterises Carey as ^^that extraordinary man who from the
lowest obscurity and poverty, without assistance rose by dint of unre-
lenting industry to the highest honors of literature, became one of the
first of orientalists, the first of missionaries, and the instrument of
diffusing more religious knowledge among his contemporaries than has
fallen to the lot of any individual since the reformation -, a man who
unites with the most profound and varied attainments, the fervour
of an evangelist, the piety of a saint, and the simplicity of a child."
There is an engraved portrait of the doctor, attended by his pundit, the
use of which has been liberally contributed by Joseph Gutteridge, esq.
of Denmark hill, near London, to the embellishment of this history
of his native county.

Extract from Gardiner^ s Music and Friends. 1838.
I well recollect Dr. Carey's coming to Leicester, in 1789. Bom of
humble parents, he was apprenticed to a shoemaker, and being of a
studious and pious turn of mind, was chosen to preside over a small
congregation of Baptists in Harvey-lane, Leicester. He lived in a
very small house just opposite the meeting, which may now be

distinguished from the rest by its ancient appearance ; at that time it
was the only one on that side of the street. I have seen him at
work in his leathern apron, his books beside him, and his beautiful
flowers in the windows. His turn for literature recommended him to
the notice of Dr. Arnold, who gave him the use of his library ; and
his taste for botany brought him acquainted with Mr. Robert Brewin.
Dr. Carey was the first person who projected the Baptist Mission to
convert the heathens in our eastern possessions ; and such were his
ardour and hopes of success, though opposed by his wife, that he
resolved to proceed without her, taking with him Felix, his eldest son.
After having surmounted numerous difficulties, and got on board, he was
ordered by government to leave the ship j and but for his known good
intentions, and simplicity of character, the whole of his goods would
have been forfeited. His scheme was abandoned ; but fortunately a
Danish ship, bound for Serampore, appeared in the river, " Which gave
joy to their hearts," and he shortly sailed, with the whole of his family.

Extract Jrom William Carey. By James Culross, D.D. i88i.
In 1 781 a small Church was formed at Hackleton consisting of
nine members. Carey's name is third in the list.* He does not
seem to have been much with them, being soon afterwards occupied
in village preaching. Opposite his name in the church-book is the
entr}': "Whent away without his dismission." Several others
" whent away *' in the same manner. About the time when this little
Church was formed, there was a considerable religious "awakening *'
in the neighbourhood, and prayer-meetings were more than ordinarily
frequented. A sort of "conference meeting" was also begun, in
which the members gave their thoughts on some passage of Scripture.
Carey sometimes took part, ^'the ignorant people applauding," as he
records, "to my great injury," and tempting him to self-conceit.

On the loth of June, 1781, at Piddington Church, he married
Dorothy Plackett, his employer's sister-in-law, and on Mr. Old's
death soon after, he succeeded him in business, occupying a small
neat house in the village, with a pleasant garden, to which he paid
great attention.

* He had broken off from the Chnrrh of England Eome time previously
without very clearly knowing why. The tenth name in the above list is that of
William Manning, Carey's shopmate. The educational level of the little band
may be judged from this entry : ** The ordance of baptsom first instituted.
Mr. Timson, of Earl Barton, first performed that ordance at Hackleton, July
the 26, 1798.'* There had been an old meeting-house opened in the village as
far baok as 1767.

Copy of Letter from Mr. Caret to his Father.*

Mudnabatty, Jan. i8, 1798.
We are^ as you suppose, north of Calcutta^ and near to the country
of BouTAN, generally called Tibet.

As you observe, provisions are cheap, but the number of servants
which it is necessary to keep makes living here much dearer than in
England. I am obliged to keep two Millers in my own family, for
two persons are required in " grinding at the mill," which is turned
by the hand, and the " women " here are chiefly employed in this
business. Matt. 24. 41. I also keep a Baker, and a man to procure
ioddyy which we use instead of yeast. Toddy is the sap of the date-
tree, and we get it from one, two, three or more miles distant. Also I
keep a Cook ; a Khansaman, viz. a kind of Butler 3 a Matrany, viz. a
cleaner ; and two Bearers who clean furniture, carry a Chatta, &c.
It employs one man to go about the country to buy provisions, which
are often brought from the distance of twenty miles ; another man to
keep the Poultry 5 another to keep the Cows ; another the Hogs -, and
another to attend the Horse : for one man will not do all these things,
nor any two of them. I am also obliged to keep a Washerman 3 a
Brammhan to teach me the language 5 a School-master whom I
employ to teach the native children in the neighbourhood 3 and
several Gardeners : so that though all necessaries do not cost above
fifty Rupees per month, yet servants cost more than a hundred, and
yet I have fewer than most other people have.

Indigo, like every thing else, as you observe, depends on the bless-
ing of God 3 yet crops are not so precarious here as in England.
Floods are the greatest destroyers we have to fear. This year has
turned out well for Indigo, but bad for rice, the rains not having been
so abundant 5 for rice must have continually four or five inches of
water to grow in, or it is much injured.

You may be perfectly easy respecting my safety. There is no
danger from the natives ; they are not vindictive, and are very servile
in their manners. Besides the greatest part of the inhabitants for
niany miles round us have some profit or pecuniary assistance to
expect from the manufactory, either directly or indirectly.

Our family are all well. My youngest son, Jonathan, though not
two years old, speaks the language fluently. Jabez speaks Bengallee,
Hindostanee, and English, as do the other two elder sons. They all
speak the country languages as well as the natives.

Your's, &c. W. C.
* Periodical AccountB Relatiye to iho Baptist MisBionary Society, 1800, toI. i.

Copy of Letter from Dr. Caret to his Sisters.

Serampore^ Sept. 25th, 1833.
My dear Sisters,

My being able to write to you now is quite unexpected by me,
andy I believe, by every one else 3 but it appears to be the will of God
that I should continue a little time longer. How long that may be,
I leave entirely with him, and can only say, " all the days of my
appointed time will I wait, till my change come." I was two months
or more ago reduced to such a state of weakness, that it appeared as
if my mind was extinguished ; and my weakness of body and sense
of extreme fatigue and exhaustion were such that I could scarcely
speak, and it appeared that death would be no more felt than the
removing from one chair to another.

* * * * * * **

I am now able to sit and to lie on my couch, and now and then
to read a proof sheet of the scriptures. I am too weak to walk more
than just across the house, nor can I stand even a few minutes with-
out support. I have every comfort that kind friends can yield, and
feel> generally a tranquil mind. I trust the great point is settled, and
I am ready to depart ; but the time when, I leave with God.

Oct. 3rd. I am not worse than when I began this letter.
********
I am your very affectionate brother,

Wm. Carey.
He continued with but little variation, until the 9th of June, 1834,
when he slept in Jesus.

The Couch on which this letter was written, and on which Dr.
Carey died is now at the College, Regents Park.

The following is A. Copy of his Last Will.

I, William Carey, Doctor of Divinity, residing at Serampore, in the
province of Bengal, being in good health, and of sound mind, do make
this my last will and testament in manner and form following : —

First — I utterly disclaim all or any right or title to the premises
at Serampore, called the Mission Premises, and every part and parcel
thereof; and do hereby declare that I never had, or supposed myself
to have, any such right or title.

Secondly — I disclaim all right and title to the property belonging
to my present wife, Grace Carey, amounting to 25,000 rupees, more
or less, which was settled upon her by a particular deed, executed
previously to my marriage with her.

Thirdly — I give and bequeath to the College of Serampore, the
whole of my museum, consisting of minerals, shells, corals, insects,
and other natural curiosities, and a Hortus Siccus. Also the folio
edition of Hortus Woburnensis, which was presented to me by Lord
Hastings 5 Taylor's Hebrew Concordance, my collection of bibles in
foreign languages, and all my books in the Italian and German
languages.

Fourthly — I desire that my wife, Grace Carey, will collect from
my library whatever books in the English language she wishes for,
and keep them for her own use.

Fifthly — From the failure of funds to carry my former intentions
into effect, I direct that my library, with the exceptions above made,
be sold by public auction, unless it, or any part of it, can be advantage-
ously disponed of by private sale 5 and that from the proceeds 1,500
rupees be paid as a legacy to my son, Jabez Carey, a like sum having
heretofore been paid to my sons Felix and William.

Sixthly — It was my intention to have bequeathed a similar sum
to my son Jonathan Carey -, but God has so prospered him that he is
in no immediate want of it. I direct that if anything remains, it be
given to my wife, Grace Carey, to whom I also bequeath all my
household furniture, wearing apparel, and whatever other efiects I
may possess, for her proper use and behoof.

Seventhly — I direct that, before every other thing, all my lawful
debts may be paid 3 that my funeral be as plain as possible ; that I
may be buried by the side of my second wife, Charlotte Emilia Carey j
and that the following inscription, and nothing more, may be cut on
the stone which commemorates her, either above or below, as there
may be room 5 viz.

William Carey, born August 17th, 1761 -, died —

A wretched, poor, and helpless wonn,
On thy kind aims I fall.

Eighthly — I hereby constitute and appoint my dear friends, the
Rev. William Robinson, of Calcutta, and the Rev. John Mack, of
Serampore, executors to this my last will and testament, and request
them to perform all therein desired and ordered by me, to the utmost
of their power.

Ninthly — I hereby declare this to be my last will and testament,
and revoke all other wills and testaments of a date prior to this.

(Signed) William Caret,

(Signed) W. H. Jones, S. M'Intosh.

Copy of Markiaqe Aor«bmbnt Paper^ in the Baptist College, Bristol.
Written in Bengalee.

We two do jointly agree & covenant that we will love & cherish &
help & comfort one another : we will dwell staying together, and
from to-day our riches or property will not be separate. If one be
ill or sorrowful or any manner in trouble, the other staying near will
be his help & comfort according to his ability : will not go to any
other one to do wicked work : & unless there be death we will not
leave one another, but, as God commanded, so will do work.

In the holy Book is the word-agreement about the way of
husband & wife together.

Before any sin of Man, God, making male & female, gave
command. [Here follows the extract in Bengalee, but the English

translation of it, as in subsequent cases, is not inserted] Book of

Genesis, ii. chapt., i8 verse.

Our Lord Jesus Christ also, giving that word's witness, said

Matth., xix. chapt., 5 verse, & Mark, x. chapt., 7 verse. The Lord also
said, by Paul's service Heb. xiii. chapt., 4 verse.

Romans, vii. chapt', 2 & 3^ verse

I Corinth', vii. chapt', 2 & 3 verse

Ephes-, V. chapt', 22, 23, 25, 33

Colossians, iii. chapt', 1 8, 19 verse

I Peter, iii. chapt., i & 7 verse

I Syam das hold thy hand by my hand. In witnesses presence
this sign is that I am your husband, & will always according to my
ability save, cherish, comfort & do all else, as God hath made
commandment, & will not leave you until death time.

[Here the woman repeated the following, which is in substance
the same as the preceding paragraph]

We staying present witness this that Syam das &c.

William Gabet William Waed EIbeeshnoo Komol

Joshua Mabshman Felix Cabey Petxthbeb EIasseb Nattt

Date in English & Bengalee.

My dear Bro'.

I send for the Museum a Copy of the Marriage Agreement of
Syam Das & his Wife j the former I hope a converted Hindoo. This
was the first Marriage entered into at our house. It took place on
Monday, March 29. 1802. Bro' Carey first made a short Address on
the subject, respecting the Nature of Marriage ; then read the passages of
Scripture printed above 5 then joined their hands, while they repeated
after him : I Syam Das, &c. Then they made their marks> & the

Dames above were signed in English & Bengalee. Then Bro'. Carey
shdved the evil consequences of celebrating Marriage in the Hindoo
manner^ & with the same expence. He said if one farthing expence
was contracted by our friends, it would give us much sorrow. He then
spoke of the duties of the relation from scripture & concluded with
prayr. The Ceremony was simple & pleasing, & our Hindoo friends
who were present seemed to like it, tho so amazingly different from
the Hindoo manner. One said. We did everything holy.

I am, my dear Bro', yours
Miflsloii House, March 30th 1802. W. Ward.

Extract from A Letter from the Rev. J. B. Vincent.

The Manse, Paulerspury, June 13/84.

William Carey as a lad of 14 or 15 was looked upon as a heavy,
haJf-intelligent youth from whom little or nothing was expected, most
awkward and useless at any agricultural work, had no desire to join
with other boys in play & games & went amongst them under the
nickname of Columbus & they would say, well if you won't play
preach us a sermon, which he would do, mounting an old dwarf witch-
elm about 7 feet high (standing till recently), where several could sit, he
would hold forth — this seems to have been a favourite resort of his
for reading, his favourite occupation.

On one occasion, suffering from tooth-ache, his companions sug-
gested taking the tooth out, & as he was willing they effected their
object by tying a string to it & then attaching the string to a wheel used
to grind malt in an old malting in the High street, they gave it a sharp
turn & truly had the ofEending member out> but with a considerable
jerk to his hecul as well.

His parents said he seemed to be always awake, at whatever time
of the night they might speak to him.

Minute on the Records of the Baptist Missionary Society.

The Secretary having reported that intelligence had arrived of the
death of Dr. Carey, at Serampore, on Monday, the 9th of June last,
it was Resolved,

That this Committee cordially sympathize, on this mournful
occasion, with the immediate connexions of Dr. Carey, by whose
death, not merely the missionary circle with which he was most
intimately associated, but the Christian world at large, has sustained
no common loss. The committee gratefully record, that this
venerable and highly-esteemed servant of God had a principal share in
the formation of the Baptist Missionary Society ; and devoted himself.

at its very commencement^ to the service of the heathen, amidst
complicated difficulties and discouragements^ with an ardour and
perseverance, which nothing but Christian benevolence could inspire,
and which only a strong and lively faith in Grod could sustain.
Endowed with extraordinary talents for the acquisition of foreign
languages, he delighted to consecrate them to the noble purpose of
unfolding to the nations of the East the holy scriptures in their o'wn ,
tongue : a department of sacred labour in which it pleased God to
honour him far beyond any predecessor or contemporary in the mis-
sionary field. Nor was Dr. Carey less eminent for the holiness of his
personal character. Throughout life he adorned the gospel of God
his Saviour by the spirituality of his mind and the uprightness of his
conduct 3 and especially, by the deep and unaffected humility which
proved how largely he had imbibed the spirit of his blessed Master.

In paying this brief and imperfect tribute to the memory of this
great and good man, who was long their associate in missionary ex-
ertion, and whom they have never ceased to regard with feelings of
the utmost veneration and respect, it is the anxious desire of the com-
mittee to glorify God in him. May a review of what divine grace
accomplished in and by this faithj^l servant of the Redeemer awaken
lively gratitude, and strengthen the devout expectation that He, with
whom is the residue of the Spirit, will favor his church with renewed
proofs of his love and care by thrusting forth many such labourers
into the harvest !

Paragraph in A Letter dated July iind^ 183^1 from the Secre-
tary OF THE Religious TrIct Society, London, to the
Rev. Dr. Marshman, of Seramfore, relating to the death of
Dr. Carey in June of the preceding year.

In common with all the members of the Church of Christ we
sympathized in the removal of the devoted and excellent Dr. Carey.
We hope that many labourers possessing his meek disinterested spirit
will be raised up for the cultivation of the vineyard in India.

In the Religious Tract Society's Report for 1835 appears
the follotuing : —

Serampore. — No report has been received from this station
during the year. It has pleased God to remove from his earthly
labours the venerable Dr. Carey. He died at Serampore on the 9th
of June last, in his seventy-second year, after a residence of more
than forty years in India. His ^orks will continue to be a spiritual
blessing to the benighted population of the country.

Extract from the Report of the British and Foreign Bible
Society, for 1835.

At Serampore your Comraittee have been called upon to lament
the loss of an early and valued fellow-labourer in the cause of the
Society — the excellent Dr. Carey. They think they cannot do better
than insert the following tribute to his memory, adopted on their
receiving the intelligence of his death.

Memorial adopted ly the Committee on occasion of the Death of the
Rev. Dr. Carey, late of Serampore.

The Com*® cannot receive the intelligence of the death of their
venerable friend, Dr. Carey, without expressing their long-cherished
admiration of his talents, his labours, and his ardent piety. At a
period antecedent to the formation of the British and Foreign Bible
Society, Dr. Carey and his earlier colleagues were found occupying
the field of Biblical Translation 3 — not as the amusement of literary
leisure, but as subservient to the work to which they had consecrated
themselves — ^that of teaching Christianity to heathen and other unen-
lightened nations.

Following in the track pointed out by the excellent Danish
missionaries, they set sail for British India, intending there to commence
their enterprise of zeal and mercy ; and there, notwithstanding impedi-
ments which at first threatened to disappoint all their hopes, but
"which were afterwards succeeded by the highest patronage of Govern-
ment — ^there, for forty years, did Carey employ himself, amid the
numerous dialects of the East ; first in surmounting their difiiculties,
and compelling them to speak of the True God, and of Jesus Christ,
whom He hath sent; and then presenting them in a printed form to
the people.

For this arduous undertaking he was qualified in an extraordinary
degree, by a singular facility in acquiring languages — a facility which
he had first shewn and cultivated, amidst many disadvantages, in the
retirement of humble life. The subsequent extent of his talents, as
well as of his diligence and zeal, may be judged of by the fact, that,
in conjunction with his colleagues, he has been instrumental in giving
to the tribes of Asia the Sacred Scriptures, in whole or in part, in
between thirty or forty different languages !

For many years it was the privilege of this Society to assist him
in his labours : he was among its earliest correspondents. If, for the
last few years, the intercourse has been less regular, and direct assist-

ance suspended, in consequence of difficulties arising out of conscienti-
ous scruples on the part of himself and his brethren, still the Committee
have not the less appreciated his zeal, his devotedness, his humility 5 —
and they feel, while they bow with submission to the will of God,
that they have lost a most valuable coadjutor, and the Church of
Christ at large a distinguished ornament and friend.

In one of the Cottages built upon the site of Carey^s Birth-place at
Paulerspury, is a Memorial Stone tvith thefollotuing inscrip^
tion : —

Wm Carey, D.D.
Born Aug. 17, 1761.
Died Jan. 9, 1834.
1854. R. L.

[Richard Linnell].

There are five cottages, three built upon the site of the old house
and two upon the space which was originally the garden.

Copy of Epitaph on Tombstone on the right side of the South porch
of Paulerspury Church, to the memory of Dr. Carey's Faiher,
who was a Schoolmaster and Clerk at the Church : —

Perpetuate the Memory

of Edmund Carey

who died June 15 1816

in^the 81st year of his Age.

Also of Elizabeth his wife,

who died April i6th 1787

Aged 53 years.

Likewise of Frances

his Second wife

Who died May 30th 1816

Aged 83 years.

Header time is short
Prepare to meet thy God.

Copy of Inscription on Tablet in Bblvoir Street Chapel,
Leicester : —

' In memory of

The Revd. William Carey, D.D.
who entered on his Work
as Pastor of this Church A.D. Mocclxxxix.

and left his native Couutry
as a Missionary to India A.D. Moccxciii.
where he rose to the highest eminence
as a a OrieDtal Scholar.
Devoted to the ministry of the Gospel, among the heathen
he was chiefly engaged
in the translation of the Sacred Scriptures
into the Various dialects of the £ast
and became professor
of the Sanscrit Bengali and Mahratta languages.
He was distinguished by elevated piety
indomitable perseverance and disinterested benevolence
and having built for himself
by his vast attainments and great labours
a bright and imperishable monument
died at Serampore ix June Mdcccxxxiv.
agedLXXii years.
« Attempt great things, expect great things."

Copy of Inscription on Tablet in Moulton Chapel : —

This Tablet

is erected in memory of

the illustrious

Wm. Carey, D.D.—

who was

the honoured founder of

this Place of Worship.

and who for four years was

the Devoted Pastor of this Church.

He afterwards

became the evangelist of India,

Professor of Sanscrit,

in the College of Fort William,

and the Father of

Modem Missions.

He died at Serampore June 9th 1834

Aged 72 years.

7.6

Portraits of Dr. Carey, &c.

In the Library of ^bobnt*s Park College is the Original
Painting of Dr. Carey and his Pundit, painted in India in 18103 and
presented to the College by Joseph Gutteridge, Esq. This picture has
been engraved and published.

A portrait in oil of Dr. Carey is in the possession of Mrs. Soul,
of Olney. On a slip of paper under the frame is the following mem. :
"Dr. C. was S3 oi^ Aug. 1814." The portrait was a present to
Mr. SptclifFe, pastor of the church at Olney when Carey was received
as a member, and one of the early promoters of the Mission 3 his
name appears among the signatures to '' A Letter signed by the
Ministers ^nd other Christian Friends on a solemn day of prayer at
Leicester, previous to the departure of our Missionaries for India."

There are original Pencil Sketches of the shoe-maker's shop at
Hackleton, where Dr. Carey worked j and of Carey's dwelling-house
at Piddington, taken in i8ij, by Mr. Thomas Clarke, a son of
Mr. James Clarke, a draper living in Olney 3 they were taken for
a Mr. Wilson, whose wife left them to her nephew, Mr. G. C.
Hollingshead, of Olney, in whose possession they now are.

In the Minister's Vestry, College Street Chapel, North-
ampton is a water-color Drawing of the " Birth-place of Dr. Carey,"
at Paulerspury, by T. P. Gardner. Presented by Mr. E. S. Robinson,
of Bristol. This has been engraved and reproduced in lithography.

Autograph MSS. of Dr. Carey.

In the Minister's Festry, College Street Chapel, North-
ampton, are the following : —

Fifty-two Letters from Dr. Carey at Serampore, to Dr. Ryland at
Bristol ', with Life of Carey, from Baker's Northamptonshire and other
publications. Portraits and engravings.

Letter from Dr. Carey on behalf of the Church at Moulton. To
the Ministers and Messengers of the Baptist Churches associated at
. Kettering, May 27 & a8. [1788].

Original Copy of a Translation, from the Dutch, of a Discourse on
the Gospel Offer, by a Minister of the Reformed Church, made by Dr.
Carey, when Minister at Moulton, Northamptonshire, 1789.

A Transcript of the above Translation is in the Library of the
Baptist College, Bristol, in the handwriting of Dr. Ryland.

In the Minister's Vestry y Ftjller Chapel, Kettering, are
several of Dr. Carey's MS. letters, presented by the late Rev. Andrew
Gunton Fuller.

In the Vestry, Earls' Barton Citafel, is the Carved oak
Chair used by Mr. Carey, where he occasionally preached, before
bis settlement at Moulton.

In the Baptist College, Bristol, is A Colored Drawing
in case, of the Careya Herbacea so named by Dr. Roxburgh in honor
of the Rev. William Carey, D.D., Baptist Missionary at Serampore.

In the Museum and Library at the Baptist Mission House, London,
are to he seen: —

The Communion Cup used by Dr. Carey, to which is affixed the
following label :

" This cup is the one used by Dr. Carey at the Lord's Table when
he was pastor of the Baptist Church, Moulton, Northamptonshire,
A.D. 1789. It was given to my Father (Rev. Francis Wheeler) in
1820 by Mr. William Dove one of the deacons of the Church at
Moulton, and the father of the late Mrs. Richard Harris of Leicester.
.... My Mother now presents it to the Museum of the Baptist
Missionary Society.

(Signed) "Thos. A. Wheeler, Norwich,
May 31st, 1880."
The Greek New Testament given by the Rev. Samuel Pearce,
of Birmingham, to the Rev. Dr. Carey. With Mr. Pearce's auto-
g^raph : ** A small token of the great esteem he bears his dear bro'
Carey. Sept. nth, 1797.

ri Kapbia kcu ^ V^x4 M^'^*

Acts iv. 32.'*
Presented to the Baptist Missionary Society by Edw^ Bean Underbill,
Esq., LL.D., Jund 21, 188 1.

Dr. Carey's Knife and Fork presented by R. V. Sherring
Esq. of Ballatrow Court n' Bristol.

Two Tables, one oak and the other mahogany, the latter the one
upon which the first Rules of the Baptist Missionary Society were
drawn up.

Inscription on Box containing Dr. Caret's Bible.

" Dr. Carey's Bible. Presented by the Rev. W. Knowles. The
Box from oak, in Dr. Carey's Workshop at Hackleton. Presented by
Benj". Goodman Gent : of Leeds."

On the fly-leaf of above mentioned Bible is the following : —
*' Lucey Placket her Book 1793- Lucy Placket was the sister of
Mrs. Carey 5 she married ]o* Timms. This Bible was in her

possession from the above date 1793 until she parted with it to Mr.
Knowles in 18 15. She declared to W. Knowles that it was Dr.
Carey's Bible. She was a pious woman."

The Shouloer-Stick^ &c., Labeled cls follows : —

" This ' Shoulder-stick * belonged to Dr. Carey when he resided at
Moulton near Northampton, and was used by him when working as a
shoe-maker. It was purchased with one or two other articles of a
person living at Moulton, a few years ago by the late Rev*. Christo-
pher Anderson of Edinburgh. J. £. R."

'* Stitch bone a tool used by Dr. Carey and given to P. J. SafFery
by the individual who rec*. it from Dr. Carey. The box made from a
beam in Dr. Carey's workshop.'*

Dr. Carey's Sign Board.
In the Library of Regent's Park College is Dr. Carey's Sign
Board, Inscribed :

"Second Hand
Shoes Bought
AND Sold.*'
On the back is the following :
•* Part of the Shew-board of Mr. Carey (now the Revd. Dr.)
Carey written by himself when a Shoe-maker at Hackleton
in Northamptonshire. The little shop against which it was
placed has been taken down and a small house is now built
on the spot, opposite the New Inn.

" N.B. — ^This board was preserved by Wm. Manning, Mr. Carey's
shop-mate, till his death, out of respect to Dr. Carey. It
was procured from his widow, August 22, 18 15, by Joseph
Ivimey, of London.

'* This was the place that the Rev. Thomas Scott designated Dr.
Carey's College.

" The nail is the same as the Doctor used to fix his thread to
while sitting on his seat and teaching the children in an
evening School. It was taken out of the window of a
room of a house at Piddington near Hackleton."

'Hie above is in Joseph Ivimey's writing. Mr. Ivimey presented
it to the College.

The Bust op Dr. Carbt.
In the Room of the Agricultural and Horticultural Society of
India, in the Metcalfe Hall, Calcutta, there is a Bust of Dr. Carey in
marble, by Lough. The Bust was subscribed for by the leading men
of Bengal, European and Native, in 1842, to show "the veneration in
which the name of the illustrious Founder of the Society is held."

Commemorative Medals.
In 1842 a medal was struck in commemoration of the Jubilee of
the Baptist Missionary Society at Kettering, having on the obverse a
Portrait of '^ William Carey" and on the reverse the inscription: —
** Expect great things from God.
Baptist Mission Formed Oct', and 1792. Commenced in E-
Indies 1793. W. Indies 18 13. W.Africa 1840. Stations 157.
Missionaries 7 1 . Teachers & Native Preachers 127. Members
upwards of 30,000. Scholars about 1 8,000. Scriptures Trans-
lated into 40 Languages Be Dialects. Copies issued in the
Year 1841 85,000. Slavery Abolished Aug*, ist 1838.
Attempt great things for God."
Another medal was issued with a design on the obverse
consisting of an open Bible upon a pedestal with the inscription
"Trans into 40 Lang"^" a Missionary preaching, beside him an
East Indian on his knees and a slave rejoicing in his newly-found
liberty; two angels above, the one holding out an open Bible and the
other with trumpet extended, sounding the glad tidings abroad.
Round the design is the inscription — ''Then shalt Thou caus^ the
trumpet of the Jubilee to sound & ye shall hallow the fiftieth year.
Baptist Mission Jubilee 1842."

Another medal was issued with Portraits of ''Carey and
Thomas the First Missionaries" on the obverse j while the reverse
has a representation of the House at Kettering where the Society
was formed in 1792, with the Inscription; "Jubilee of Baptist Mission
Formed at Kettering Oct' 2nd 179a."

Another medal was issued with Portraits of "W. Carey,"
"A. Fuller," "S. Pearce,"'"D' Ryland," and an open Bible in the
centre, with an inscription encircling the portraits : " Not unto us, O
Lord, not unto us, but junto Thy name give glory" on the obverse 5
and on the reverse the following inscription : " Fifty years ago, the
Baptist Mission was commenced & Carey & Thomas the First
Missionaries sent to India. The Society now numbers about 200
Missionaries & Teachers, 1^7 Stations, more than 30000 Members &
18000 Scholars. The Bible has been translated into 40 Languages Sc
Dialects. Other men laboured & ye are entered into their Labours."

Life of David Brainbrd.
In the Collection of Mr. Sheffield of EaiVs Barton is a copy of
The Life of Mr. David Brainerd^ Published by Jonathan Edwards.
Edinburgh^ 1798. On the title page is the autograph of " W. Carey.**
At the end of the volume are portions of the first edition of the
New Testament in Bengali, printed at Serampore, at the Mission
Press, in 1801.

Hall's ''Help to Zion's Travellers."
In the Library of the Baptist College, Bristol, is Carey's copy of
Robert Hall's " Help to Zion*s Travellers." It is marked on the
title-page, "Dr. Carey's copy, from his library at Serampore, by John
Leechman." The volume is somewhat worm-eaten. There is a very
complete synopsis of the contents in Carey's hand-writing on the
margin. In a letter to Dr. Ryland, Carey writes : *' Mr. Skinner [of
Towcester], one day made me a present of Mr. Hall's Help to Zion's
Travellers ; in which I found all that arranged and illustrated which
I had been so long picking up by scraps. T do not remember ever to
have read any book with such raptures as I did that."

The First Missionary Collection.
The collection of ;f 13-2-6 as the first Baptist missionary fund
has often been spoken of, and not always with a true appreciation of
its significancy. * * * The eloquence of missionary orators has
often urged an afBuent congregation of perhaps two hundred people
to emulate at any rate the original collection of ^f 13-2-6 ; and that
small amount has by dint of effort been made up 5 but how unlike is
such an effort to the quiet contribution of this sum by those few
Baptist ministers at Kettering in 1792.* The particulars of this
collection deserve to be put on record. They are : —

John Bylaad, Korthampton, .

£2 2

Reynold Hogg, Thrapsfcone, .

2 2

John Snteliff, Olney, .

1 1

Andrew Fuller, Kettering, . .

1 1

Abraham Gfreenwood, Oakham,

1 1

Edward Sharman, Oottisbrook,

1 1

Jofihna Bnrton, Foxton,

Samnel Fearce, Birmingham, .

1 1

Thomas Blundell, Arnsby, .

William Heighton, Boad,

John Eayres, Braybrook,

Joseph Timms, Kettering,

1 1

A contributor whose name was not re<

Borded .

£13 2 fi
♦ The Lifo of John Thomas, by C. B. Lewis.

The Subscriptions and Expenditures

Of the First Year of the Baptist Society for Propagating the Gospel

among the Heathen. — Oct. i, 1792 to Oct. i, 1793.*

Subscriptions.

Personal Donations . . . . ' .

Bristol collect, at the doors of Broadmead meeting-house

Contributions received at the vestry of Castle-green ditto

Ditto at Pithay meeting ....

From persons unknown ....

In small sums ......

Students at the Baptist Academy

Downend chapel^ collection at the doors, with other
small benefactions ....

Birmingham assistant society, by the hands of Mr. Pearce

Monies collected by said society, beside the above 70I. .

Bath, collection at the doors of the Baptist meeting-
house ......

Folkstone assistant society ....

Yorkshire ditto ditto, transmitted by the Rev. Mr. Fawcett 201

Hampshire and Wiltshire, raised by the exertions of the
gentlemen who have since formed an Assistant
Society in those counties .

Arnsby, Baptist congregation .

Colchester, ditto ditto

Cambridge, ditto ditto

Frome, ditto ditto

Foxton, Leicestershire, ditto ditto

Ipswich, ditto ditto

Kettering, ditto ditto

Ditto club

Long Buckby, Baptist congregation

Langham, ditto ditto

Leicester, ditto ditto

Norwich, ditto ditto

Nottingham, ditto ditto

Northampton, ditto ditto

Leighton Buzzard, ditto ditto

Plymouth Dock, ditto ditto

Olney, Bucks, ditto ditto

Road, Northamptonshire, ditto ditto

Salisbury and Devizes ditto ditto
* Peziodioal Aooounts Relative to the Baptist Missionary Society, 1800, vol. i.

£ s.

335 '8

15 8

4 6

I I

4 H

a 13

I I

2 16

126 3

22 8

201 16

9 8

9 I

18 X

9 10

I 9

loi

2 12

15 17

I I

3 14

8 8

19 15

3 13

'3 13

23 I

2 2

20 2

10 15

I 12

16 x6

Spalding, Lincolnshire^ Baptist congregation

Sheepshead, Leicestershire, ditto ditto .

Thorn, Bedfordshire, ditto ditto .

Tewkesbury ditto ditto .

Worcester, ditto ditto .

Weston by Weedon, ditto ditto .

Newcastle, ditto ditto .

Isleham, Cambridgeshire, ditto ditto *.

Friend, Luton ....

Poor man, Cottisbrook,

Small sums from various benefactors . ^

Interest of contributions deposited in the bank at

Thrapston till needed
Profits arising from the sale of a translation and version

of an Hymn, composed by Ram Ram Boshoo
A friend, London ....

Friends, Thrapston and Islip .

£
i

I
o
o

5
9
S

9
I

19
I

10
13

O EO

o 17

6
5

O
O
O
2

7 0*

9
6

Disbursements. £ s. d.

To Mr. Carey, for time and travelling expences on the
concerns of the mission for three months, with the
removal of his family to Piddington • • 26 16 6

To Mr. Thomas, for time and travelling expences, on

the same account, for three months . . 28 9 6

Expences of Messrs. C. and T. during the months of

April and May, in endeavouring to obtain a passage 19 19 o

Travelling expences of Messrs. C. and T. from Ports-
mouth to Northampton, and removing the whole
of Mr. Carey's family from that neighbourhood to
London . . . . . -^375

To Mr. Carey, for expences attending the removal of
himself and family to Dover, and incurred during
his and their residence there, whilst waiting for the
ship in which they sailed • . . • 25 5 o

Mr. Thomas's journey to the Isle of Wight, and

removal of goods from thence by sea to Dover . 15 5 6

To Mrs. Carey during her residence at Piddington,
according to agreement, in case she had not gone
with Mr. Carey, one quarter in advance, and five
guineas for expence attending her lying-in . 17 ij o

£ 8. d.

Journies of Messrs. Fuller, Sutcliffe, Tim. Thomas,
and Pearce, on collecting and other business,
together with supplies for their congregations
during their absence . • • . 16 l o

To carriage of goods and parcels, with postage of .letters 318 4
To printing pamphlets and cases • . . 4170

To books. and globes taken to India for the use of the

mission . . . . . • 13 13 o

To passage money for ten persons, viz. five adults and
^YQ children, together with preparations of linen,
&c. for the voyage, for their use when arrived in
India . . . . . . 719 16 11

To allowance to the missionaries in advance for the first

year after their arrival .... 150 o o

£^oiS

Receipts 1085 4 pi

Balance in the hands of the Treasurer • ;f 29 19 7^

Extracts from The Diart of the late Rev. Dr. RxLAND.t
[Jan. 9. — Mr. Carey, who now preaches constantly at Moulton
with considerable prospect of success, came over and preached the
lecture, from ''The wages of sii^ is death,!'. &c. J. was much pleased
with many things in bis discourse : he seems to promise much use-
fulness, setting out on a good plan, though ^ . little incorrect jn. his
expressions; but manifests a hearty <;onc^rn to do good, and a
cSHSistent view of the Gospel.]

Sept. 21. — Mr. Carey, of Moulton, preached from Psalm x.vi. d«
"I set the Lord always before me." His prayer was singularly
excellent, and many things in the sermon very close and important*
O that I had much of the like deep 3^nse of divine truth !

[1787]. Aug. I. — Walked over to Moultoo^ about sixo 'clock in the
morning, to attend Mr. Carey's, ordination. Mr. West, of Carlton,

• N.B. There was aotnally at the year's end a balance of 361. 4s. Ijd. in
possession of the society. The subscriptions of a few individuals must there"
fore have not been brought into account. . Consideriag the very short time
allowed for collecting the whole sum (but little more than three months) and
the number of hands through which it had to pass, it is not surprising that a few
such mistakes should have been made.

t Baptist Magazine, May, 1861.

prayed. I introduced the service, and received the call and confession.
Mr. Stanger, of Bessel's Green, prayed the ordination prayer. Mr.
Sutcliff gave the charge, from 2 Tim. iv. 5, *' Make full proof of thy
ministry.'* Mr. Edmonds, of Guilsborough, prayed, and Mr. Fuller
preached from Psalm Ixviii. 18, "Thou hast received gifts for men 3 "
Mr. Payne concluded. In the evening, Mr. Stanger, of Kent, prayed 3
and Mr. West preached from Psalm ii. 1 1, '* Rejoice with trembling."
The congregation was large, the confession sound and sensible, the
whole of the services good and instructive.

[1788]. July 8. — Asked Brother Carey to preach. Some of our
people, who are wise above what is written, would not hear him, called
him an Arminian, and discovered a strange spirit. Lord pity us ! I am
almost worn out with grief at these foolish cavils against some of the
best of my brethren, men of God, who are only hated because of
their zeal for holiness.

Aug. 12. — Rode early to Guilsborough, to keep a private fast with
some of my brethren. Met from nine to four in the vestry of the
meeting-house. Began with a short account of our late experience
as Christians and as ministers. Present, brother Fuller, Edmonds,
Morris, Carey, and Denny. It was, I trust, a solemn and profitable
season. I have not felt, I think, my heart so much engaged with God
for a long time, as I hope I found it most of the time. May God
render it a lasting blessing to us all.

The Daisy, by fames Montgomery.*
A beautiful little poem, which made its appearance in England in
182 1, records an instance strikingly illustrative of the feelings of such
a mind as Carey's when unexpectedly led back in the prosecution of
his studies to the scenes of his infancy, in a country from which he
had, at an early age, expatriated himself for the remainder of bis life.
After having carefully unpacked a bag of seeds, which he had received
from a friend in England, in order to make experiments on them in
his garden at Serampore, he shook out the bag in one comer of the
garden, and shortly afterwards discovered something spring up on the
spot, which, when it reached maturity, proved to be nothing less nor
more than one of those daisies with which the meadows of England
abound. The delight with which this

" Wee, modest, orimson-tipped flower,**

one of the humblest, but most pleasing ornaments of the English

• William Oarey : A Biography. By Dr. Beloher,

Flora, inspired him, he described to some of his £aropeaD corres-
pondents in very strong and glowing language, and the incident
suggested to the amiable James Montgomery the following lines : —

Addbessbd to Db. Gabst.

Thrice welcome, little English flower !

My mother-country's white and red^
In rose or lily, till this hour,

Never to me such beauty spread:
Transplanted from thine island bed,

A treasure in a grain of earth,
Strange as a spirit from the dead.

Thine embryo sprang to birth.

Thrice welcome, little English flower!

Whose tribes, beneath our natal skies.
Shut close their leaves while vapours lower ;

But, when the sun's gay beams arise,
With unabashed, but modest eyes.

Follow his motion to the west ;
Nor cease to gaze till daylight dies.

Then fold ^emselves to rest.

Thrice welcome, little English flower !

To this resplendent hemisphere,
Where Flora's giant offspring tower

In gorgeous Hvezies all the year :
Thou, omy thou, art little here.

Like worth unfriended and unknown.
Yet to my British heart more dear

Then all the torrid zone.

Thrioe welcome, little English flower !

Of early scenes beloved by me.
While happy in my father's bower.

Thou Shalt the blithe memorial be ;
The faiiT sports of infancy.

Youth s golden age, and manhood's prime,
Home, country, kindred, friends,— with thee

I find in this far dime.

Thrice welcome, h'ttle English flower!

m rear thee with a trembling hand :
Oh for the April sun and shower.

The sweet May dews, of that fair land
Where daisies, thick as star-light, stand

In every walk !— that here may shoot
Thy scions, and thy buds expand,

A hundred from one root !

Thrice welcome, little English flower !

To me the pledge of hope unseen :
When sorrow would my soul o'erpower.

For joys that were, or might have been,
I'll call to mind how fresh and green,

I saw thee waking from the dust ;
Then turn to heaven with brow serene.

And place in God my trust.

Extract from Speech by Dr. Ryland,*
At the first public meeting of the Baptist Missionary Society, held ia
London, June, 1812 : —

"October 5th, 1783, 1 baptized in the river Nen, a little beyond Dr.
Doddridge's meeting-house at Northampton, a poor journeyman shoe-
maker, little thinking that before nine years had elapsed, he would
prove the first instrument of forming a society for sending mission-
aries from England to preach the gospel to the heathen. Such,
however, as the event has proved, was the purpose of the Most High ;
who selected for this work not the son of one of our most learned
ministers, nor of one of the most opulent of our dissenting gentlemen,
but the son of a parish clerk, at Paulerspury, Northamptonshire."

Extract from A Letter to Mr. Sutcliff,*
Dated December 30, xyS^, when he was at the age of twenty-four,
simply premising that . previously to writing it he had become a
member of the church at Olney : —

"The people at Barton remain in a divided situation, and there is
but little probability of my being useful amongst them. The little
that they collect for me does not pay for the clothes which I wear out
in serving them, and, which affects me most, those that are just
setting out at Moulton, are left like sheep without a shepherd.

** The cause seems to increase at Moulton, and I have the pleasure
to see most who have begun, hold on, and manifest a truly Christian
spirit It will be easy to settle the church upon evangelical principles,
but I do not choose to attempt such a thing without your advice and
concurrence. If ytyii approve of it, I should be glad if you would
send me word, and likewise the outlines of a covenant, which if strict
in practical^ and not too high in doctrinal points, will, I believe, be
unanimously subscribed by all the old members of the church, and I
think about eight or ten -more would join in a little time. The friends
are desirous to be in order, and things have a pleasing aspect at
present. ♦ # ♦ Now I wish you to advise me to leave
Barton, or not, and what Steps to pursue at Moulton, whether to do
any thing immediately, or wait longer, till I am completely sent out
[into the ministry,] by your church. I should be glad, likewise, if
the church would take my affair into consideration. If they want
more trial of my gifts, I shall be willing to wait till they are satisfied j
if they are satisfied already, I shotild be glad if they would avoid
delay; I wish, however, to leave it to their discretion.'*

* William Oarey : a Biography. By Dr. Bdoher.

Extract from Letter of Mr. Carey to his Wife.
When the subject of proceeding to India was mentioned to Mrs.
Carey^ she declared that she would never consent to quit her native
land Mr. Carey^ therefore, had before him no other alter-
native than that of relinquishing an enterprise dear to him as life

itself, or of embarking without his family Three months

after^ while detained at the Isle of Wight^ he expresses his feelings to
his wife, in language equally marked by conjugal afiFection and Christian
principle: — ^" You wish to know in what state my mind is. I answer,
much as it was when I left you. If I had all the woiid I would
freely give it to have you and my dear children with me, but the sense
of duty is so strong as to overpower all other considerations. I could
not turn back without guilt on my soul."

Extracts from the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal.

VII. — Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. Wednesday Evening,
the 2nd July, 1834. The Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of Calcutta,
Vice-President, in the chair.

The business of the evening being concluded. The Right Rev. the
Vice-President rose and addressed the meeting : — It had been
suggested to him that the death of the Rev. Dr. Carey, one of the
oldest and warmest supporters of the Asiatic Society, was an occasion
which called for some testimonial of the sense entertained by all its
members of the value of his services to the literature and science of
India, and of their sincere respect for his memory.

He had himself enjoyed but two short interviews with that eminent
and good man, but a note from Dr. Wallich, who was prevented him-
self from attending to propose the resolution, supplied his own want
of information. Dr. Carey had been 28 years a member of the
Society : and, (with exception of the last year or two of his life, when
protracted illness forced him to relinquish his Calcutta duties), a
regular attendant at its meetings, and an indefatigable and zealous
member of the Committee of Papers since the year 1807

** During 40 years of a laborious and useful life in India, dedicated
to the highest objects which can engage the mind — indefatigable in
his sacred vocation, active in benevolence, yet finding time to master
the languages and the learning of the East, and to be the founder, as
it were, of printing in these languages, he contributed by his researches,
and his publications, to exalt and promote the objects, for which the
Asiatic Society was instituted. The close of his venerable career
should not therefore pass without a suitable record of the worth and
esteem in which his memory was held 5 and His Lordship begged to

move that the following minute be entered on the Journals of the
Society : — it was seconded by Colonel Sir Jer. Bryant, and carried
unanimously : —

"The Asiatic Society cannot note upon their proceedings the death
of the Rev. Wm. Carey, D.D., so long an active member and an
ornament of this Institution, distinguished alike for his high attain-
ments in the oriental languages, for his eminent services in opening
the store of Indian literature to the knowledge of Europe, and for
his extensive acquaintance with the sciences, the natural history and
botany of this country, and his useful contributions in every branch
towards the promotion of the objects of the Society, without placing
on record this expression of their high sense of his value and merits
as a scholar and a man of science ; their esteem for the sterling and
surpassing religious and moral excellencies of his character ; and their
sincere grief for his irreparable loss."

Extract from the Journal of thb Agricultural and Horti-
cultural Society op India.
Btist to the Memory of the Founder of the Society,
[That it may be seen the feelings of affectionate esteem for the
character and memory of Dr. Carey, were not so far as India was
concerned, temporary and evanescent, we may add to the memorials
already given, that a large and highly important meeting of The
Agricultural and Horticultural Society of India, was held on Wednes-
day, August to, 1842, more than eight years after the death of Carey,
which was presided over by the Honorable Sir John Peter Grant,
President of the Society.]*

The Hon'ble the President as seconder of the motion of which
notice was given, at the preceding meeting by Dr. Wallich to the
effect, — "that the Agricultural and Horticultural Society of India,
estimating the great and important services rendered to the interests
of British India, by the Founder of the Institution, the late Rev. Dr.
William Carey, who unceasingly applied his great talents, abilities,
and influence in advancing the happiness of India, more especially by
the spread of an improved system of husbandry and gardening, —
desire to mark, by some permanent record, their sense of his trans-
cendent worth, by placing a marble bust to his memory in the
Society's new apartments, at the Metcalfe Hall, there to remain a
lasting testimony to the pure and disinterested zeal and labors of so
illustrious a character. That a subscription, accordingly, from among
the Members of the Society, be urgently recommended for the accom-
* William Carey : a fiiography. By Dr. Belcher.

plishment of the above object," begged to remark to the meeting
that he felt assured, little was required from him to be said regarding
the many great services, apart from the distinguished one of founding
the Institution, which the venerable Dr. Carey had rendered to the
Society. He should therefore do no more than read the proposition,
which he accordingly did, when the motion was put and unanimously
carried.

A discussion subsequently ensued, as to the best mode of
regulating the amount of subscriptions, when J. Grant, Esq., proposed^
seconded by Adam Freer Smith,Esq., "That considering the veneration
in which the names of the illustrious Founder of the Society is held,
and in order to render the tribute of respect, we are anxious, to shew
to his memory as general as possible, the subscription be limited to
ten rupees from every member who may feel disposed to support the
motion.*'

Extract from Memoir of William Yatbs, D.D., of Calcutta.*
Dr. Carey was, at this period^ in the zenith of his celebrity, and
in the full maturity of his intellectual powers, yet he was already
solicitous about a successor. His nephew, writing to the author, in
reply to a letter conveyed to him by Mr. Yates, observed, "My
admiration for my uncle increases every day, he has not in the course
of a whole month, a single half hour, in which he can, consistently
with his own feelings of the importance of his work, relax from the
hardest labour. He thinks it is high time some one was fixed upon,
who should, without delay, begin his studies, with a view of suc-
ceeding him in the work of translations, nor does he see anyone so
likely as Yates, &c.'*

Dr. Carey himself expressed the same sentiments in a letter to
Mr. Fuller, Serampore, Ma^ 17th, 1815.

At the present time my labour is greater than at any former
period. We have now, translations of the Bible going forward in
twenty-seven languages, all of which are in the press, except two or
three. The labour of correcting and revising all of them lies on me.
I have lately been fully convinced of the necessity of having some
brother associated with me in this department of the work, who shall
be in some manner initiated into my ideas : and if I should be laid
aside by sickness, or removed by death, should take charge of this
department of the work. I think, from the account given by
brother Ryland, of brother Yates, that he will be as fit a person as
any I have seen; and from what I have already witnessed, of his
• Memoir of William Yates, D.D. By James Hoby, D.D. 1847.

personal religion^ his quiet spirit^ and his habits of diligence, I am
much inclined to associate him with myself in the translations. I
have mentioned my wish to the other brethren, who approve of the
step.

Yours, very afiectionately,
W. Carey.,
This was a natural conclusion, as Mr. Yates studied under his
immediate observation, and made such progress in oriental literature,
as soon to satisfy him that he was destined to become a distinguished
scholar, and to follow, '' passibus acquis/' in his own hitherto unrivalled
track.

Copy of Letter from the Rev. John Mack.*
Two days before the death of the venerable saint, the Rev. John
Mack wrote to the late Rev. Christopher Anderson, of Edinburgh : —
" Respecting the great change before him, a single shade of anxiety
has not crossed his mind ever since the beginning of his decay, so far
as I am aware. His Christian experience partakes of that guileless
integrity which has been the grand characteristic of His whole life.
Often when he was yet able to converse, has he said to his friends, —
' I am sure that Christ will save all that come unto him 5 and if I
know any thing of myself, I think I know that I have come to him.'
The ascertaining of that all-important fact had been his object in
much honest self-examination, and the result was the peaceful
assurance that his hopes were well-grounded. Having pursued the
enquiry to this result, when in the prospect of death, he seems to have
been enabled to dismiss all further anxiety on the subject from his
mind, and to have committed all that concerned his life and death to
the gracious care of God in perfect resignation to his will. We
wonder much that he is yet alive, and should not be surprised were he
taken off in an hour. Nor could such an occurrence be regretted. It
would only be weakness in us to wish to retain him. He is ripe for
glory, and already dead to all that belongs to life."

*'The Consecrated CoBBLER."t
He had formed [Robert Haldane], or assisted in forming, many
Sabbath-schools ; and, finally, by bringing the well-known Andrew
Fuller to Scotland, had given an impulse to the Serampore translations
of the Scriptures, which were then languishing for want of funds,
and were scoffed at as the abortive efforts of '' a nest of consecrated
cobblers."

• William Carey : A Biography. By Dr. Belcher,
t Memoirs of the Lives of Robert Haldane and J. A. Haldane. By Alex. Haldane.

1852.

Bibliographical List of Works relating to
William Carey.

Bibliotheca Northantonensis.

S8oolt0 Itelatibe to pattttnlar 2robitt0» ^miiif^t% jTamdied,

PAULEESPUET.

Account of the Ordination of the Eev. William Gabjct>
Leicester, 24th of May, 1791.

Bapiut Annual Begisier, vol. i., 1790-1802, p. 619.

Narrative of the Pirst Establishment of the Society formed
among the Particular Baptists for Propagating the Gospel
among the Heathen. With Letters from J)r. Cabby to various
Members of his Pamily, to Dr. Kyland, Andrew Puller, and
others.
Periodioal Accounts Belative to tJie Baptist Missionary Society,

vol. i., 1800, p. 1.

Beferences to the Work of Dr. Cabet and other Mission-
aries in Connection with the Mission in India, &c.

The Christian Observer, vol. ii., 1803, pp. 115, 312, 433.

vol. iv., 1806, p. 316.
vol. vi., 1807, p. 274.

Publications respecting Indian Missions.

2%0 Edinburgh Beview, vol. xii., 1808, p. 151.

" An article extending to more than thirty pages, professing to be a critique
on eight recently published works on the controverted subject of diffusing
Christianity in India, in which all the Missionaries especially Dr. Caret, are the
objects of ridicule. The writer was the late facetious, talented, and, alas that
I must add — impious — Reverend Sydney Smith, Prebendary of St. Paul's,
London."— Dr. Belcher's Biography of William Carey ^ p. 167.

Pamphlets on the Propagation of Christianity in India.
With Notices of Dr. Caeey. [By John Poster].

The Eclectic Beview, vol. iv., 1808, pp. 336, 440.

4»

PAULBESPUET.

Art. XVII. Periodical Accounts relative to the Baptist
Missionary Society. Major Scott Waring — Twining, "Vindica-
tion of the Hindoos, &c, &c. With Notices of Dr. Gabst.
[ByEobert Southey].

The Quarterly Beview, vol. i., 1809, p. 193.
" Nothing oan be more unfair than the manner in which the scoffers and
alarmists haye represented the missionaries. We, who haye thns vindicated them^
are neither blind to what is erroneous in their doctrine, nor ludicrous in their
phraseology : but the anti-missionaries cull out from their journals and letters
all that is ridiculous, sectarian, and trifling ; call them fools, madmen, tinkers,
Calvinists, and schismatics ; and keep out of sight their loTe of man and their
seal for God, their self-deyotement, their indefatigable industry, and their
unequalled learning. These low-bom and low-bred mechanics have totnslated
the whole Bible into Bengalee, and have by this time printed it. They are
printing the New Testament in the Sanscrit, the Orissa, Mahratta, Hindostan*
and Gusaret, and translating it into Persic, Telinga, Eamata, Chinese, the
language of the Seiks and the Burmans, and in four of these languages they are
going on with the Bible. Extraordinary as this is, it will appear more so, when
it is remembered, that oi these men one was originally a shoemaker, another s
printer at Hull, and a third the master of a charity-school at Bristol. Only
fourteen years have elapsed since Thomas and Carey set foot in India, and in
that time have these missionaries acquired the gift of tongues ; in fourteen years
these low-bom, low-bred mechanics have done more towards spreading the know-
ledge of the Scriptures among the heathen, than has been accomplished or even
attempted by all the princes and potentates of the world,— and all the unirersities
and establishments into the bargain."— p. 225.

'* There was something remarkable in the fact, that while ' The Edinburffh
Review,* a professedly liberal journal, thus censured the Serampore Missionaries,
' The Quarterly Review,* a high Tory Church and King publication, came to the
rescue." — Dr, Belcher* t Biography of William Carey, p. 159.

Eeferences to Dr. Caeet.
Burder's Missionary Anecdotes, 1821, pp. 43, 166, 217, 222.

History of the Baptist Missionary Society. With Bio-
graphical References to Dr. Cabey.

Smith's History and Origin of the Missionary Societies^ 1824,

vol. i., pp. 316-527.

The Course of a Good and Great Man. A Sermon,
Preached on Occasion of the Death of the late Beverend
WiLMAM Caret, D.D. in the Mission Chapel. Serampore,
Lord's Day, June 15th, and in Union Chapel, Calcutta, June
22d, 1834. By John Mack, of Serampore College.
From the Serampore Press. 1834. Octavo.

The Efficiency of Divine Grace. A Funeral Sermon for
the late Bev. Williak Caret, D.D. Preached at the Danish
Church, Serampore, Lord's Day, June the 15th, 1834. By J.
Marshman, D.D.
From the Serampore Press. 1834. Octavo,

. 43

PAULEESPURY.

A Discoarse Occasiohed by the Death of the Bey. William
Cab£t^ D.D. of 8erampore> Bengal ; Delivered in Charlotte
Chapel, on the Evening of the 80th Novemter, 1834. By
Christopher Anderson, Edinburgh.

Parbnrj. Allen and Co. and Nisbet, London; Marples, Lirerpool; D. A.
Talboys, Oxford ; Deighton and Sons, Cambridge ; Waugh and Innea, W.
Whyte and Co., W. Oliphant and Son, Edinbargh ; M. Ogle, Glasgow i
William Cany and Co. J. Bobertson and Co. Dublin. 1834. Oeiavo,

EzTRAOT VBOM THI « ADVERTISEMENT."

Before proceeding faaiher, it may he as vjell to ttaU the following partieulart, in

swxeseum.

Dr. Carey was born at Haokleton, Leioestershire,* on the 17th August . 1761

— brought to the knowledge of the truth, about the year . 1779

— joined the church at Olney, Bucks, under Mr. SutcIifiF, at the close of . 1788

— called to the work of the ministry by that church .... 1786

— came to Moulton, a village, four miles from Northampton . . . 1786

— ordained pastor orer the infant church there ..... 1787

— removed to Leicester, in the month of July ..... 1789

— ordained pastor oyer tiie church in Hanrey Lane, there, in May . . 1791

— embarked for India, in a Danish East Indiaman, on the 18th June . . 1798

— arrived at fialasore, the 7th ; on shore the 10th ; and at Calcutta 12th

November ......... 1798

— went up the country to Madnabatty, near Malda . . . 1794

— removed and settled down at Serampore, on the 10th of January . . 1800

— the New Testament in Bengalee finished at press, 7th February . • 1801

— received his appointment in the college of Fort "William, in April •

— died about half past five o'clock, on the morning of Monday, 9th June . 1884

— interred at five o'clock, the following morning, in the Mission burying-ground,

being within two months and a week of completing his 73d year*

Second Edition.

Farbniy, Allen & Co. J. Nisbet, London, &o. 1836. OetQW>,

Art. IV. — 1. A Discourse occasioned by the Death of

the Eev. "William Cabet, D.D., of Serampore, Bengal. By

Christopher Anderson, Edinburgh. 8vo. Is. 6d. Edinb. 1834.

The Ucleetie Beniew, Third Series, vol. ziii., 1885, p. 29.

Biographical Sketch of the Bev, "William Cabby, D.D.
Late Principal of the Serampore College, Bengal.
The OongregaHondl Magazine, New Series, vol. xviii., 1835, pp. 1, 78.

Eev. J. "W. Morris on an Incident in the Early History of
Dr. Cabey, in Eeply to the Eev. John Dyer.
The Congregational Magazine, New Series, vol. xviii., 1835, p. 161.

Obituary of Eev. W. Cabey, D.D.

Oenta^ Magazine, vol. iii., New Series, 1835, p. 547.

* Should be Paulerspury, Northamptonshire.

PAULEESPUET.

Memoir of William Caret, D.D. Late Missionary to
Bengal; Professor of Oriental Languages in the College of
Fort William, Calcutta. By Eustagb Cabet.

LOHDOV X JaokBon and Walford, 18, St. Paul's Ohnroh-Yard. Mdooczxxyi.
0el€f90,

PORTRAIT.
Your affeote. Brot. W. Carey. H. Adlard, soulpt.

— — - Second Edition.

LoiTDOir : Jackson and Walford, 18, St. Paul's Ghnrchjard. Mdooczzxth.
Duodecimo.

With Portrait. H. Adiard sc.

Art. n.— Memoir of William Caeet, D.D. By Eustace
Carey. London : Jackson and Walford. 1836.

Xhe Monthly Seview, New Series, vol. ii., 1836, p. 457.

Art. I. Memoir of William Caret, D.D., late Mission-
ary to Bengal ; Professor of Oriental Languages in the College
of Fort William, Calcutta. By Eustace Carey. 8vo., pp. 630.
London, 1836.

The Mflectie Beffiew, Third Series, vol. xvi., 1836, p. 449.

Article V. Memoir of Caret. Memoir of William
Carey, D.D., late Missionary to Bengal, Professor of Oriental
Languages in the College of Fort William, Calcutta. By
Eustace Car^. With an Introductory Essay, by Francis
Wayland, D.D., President of Brown Uniyersity. Boston.
Gould, Kendall & Lincoln. 12mo. pp. 422. 1836.

The Christian Eemew, vol. i., 1836, p. 631.

Memoir of William Caret, D.D. Late Missionary to
Bengal; Professor of Oriental Languages in the College of
Fort William, Calcutta. By Eustace Carey. With an Intro-
ductory Essay, by Francis Wayland, D.D. Pros, of Brown
University.
Boston : Gould, Kendall and Lincoln. 1886. Duodeoimo.

PORTRAIT.
I am very aflf^. yours W. Carey.

Memoir of William Caeet, D.D. late Missionary to

Bengal ; Professor of Oriental Languages in the College of

Fort William, Calcutta. By Eustace Carey. Jackson and

Walford. pp. viii. 630.

3^ Congregational Magazine^ New Series, vol. i., 1837, pp. 251,320.

Persevering Exertion Crowned with Success. [A Sketch
of the Exertions of Dr. Caeet].
Quarterly Begister and Journal of the American JEducation Soeietg,

vol. ix., 1837, p. 168.

PAULEESPTJET.

Memoir of William Gabby, D.D. late Missionary to
Bengal : Professor of Oriental Languages in the College of

Fort William, Calcutta, By Eustace Carey. With an
Introductory Essay, by Jeremiah Chaplin, D.D. fat
of Waterville College.

Habtvobd: Canfield and Bobins 1837. Duodecimo.

PORTRAIT
I am very affty yours W. Carey.

The Place of Professor Cast's Nativity, a View of the
Cottage and School, at Paulers-Pury, Northamptonshire,
where the Professor's Father resided nearly 60 Years, as
Parish Clerk & Schoolmaster.

T. P. Gardner del. I. Bowe sc. Change Alley.

Another Edition.

W. Metcalfe and Sons, Litho. Quarto.

The Eev. Doctor Cabet, Professor of Oriental Languages
in the College of Fort William, Calcutta, &c. &c. By the Eev.
John Dyer, Secretary of the Baptist Missionary Society.

PORTRAIT.
The Revd. W. Carey, D.D. and his Brahmin Pundit. Painted by Home.
Engraved by J. Jenkins.

Christian Keepsake, 1837, p. 9.
Birth-place of Dr. Cabet, at Paulerspury.

WOODCUT.
Birth-place of the Rot. William Carey, D.D. at Paulerspury, Northamptonshire.

Oents* Magazine, vol. viii., New Series, 1837, p. 685.

Account of Dr. Cabet. v

Oardiner^s Mtuio and Friends, vol. i., 1838, p. 393.

Memoirs of Doctor William Cabet.

The Southern Literary Messenger^ vol. iv., 1838, p. 678.

Account of William Caret, D.D. the Patriarch of Indian
Missions.

PORTRAIT.
Professor Carey, of the College of Fort William, Calcutta, attended by his Pundit.
Home pinzit. W. Worthington sculpt.

VIGNETTE.
The House at Paulerspury where Dr. Carey was bom.

Baier^s Sistory of Northamptonshire^ vol. ii., [1841], p. 210.

PAULBESPUEY.

The Late Dr. Cabet. Jubilee of the Baptist Missionaiy

^' Northampton Mercury j October 22, 1842.

Biographical Notice of the Eev. William Gasst, D.D.
of Serampore, by the Hon. & Key. William Herbert.

KswOAlTLB. T. k J. Hodgson, Union Street. MDOOOZun. Qitario,

Acoount of Dr. Gabet and Distinguished Men among the
English Baptists.
Benediefs JSittory of the Baptist Denomination in America, 1848,

pp. 359^ 363.

Memoir of William Cabet, D.D.
Oarey'e Oriental Ohrietian Biography, 1852, vol. i., pp. 289-321.

Memoir of Chablotte Amelia Cabet.
Oarey*9 Oriental Christian Biography^ 1852, vol. ii., pp. 331-334!.

William Cabet: A Biography. By Joseph Belcher,
D.D., Author of " Baptisms of the New Testament," Editor of
"Complete Works of Andrew Fuller," "Works of Eobert
Hall,' etc., etc., etc.

Fhiladblphia : American Baptist Pablioation Society. 118 Aroh Street.
Duodecimo, [1853].

PORTRAIT.
William Carey, and Mrityunjaya his Pundit. Painted by Home. Engraved by Sartain.

WOODCUTS.
Birth Plaoe and Early Residence. VignieUe,

The Bouse at Kettering in which the Baptist Missionary Society
was formed. W. H. Van Ingen.

Beference to Dr. Caret and Baptist Missionary Society.
EngemilVe Missione and Missionaries, 1853, p. 419.

Account of Dr. Caret and the Propagation of Christian-
ity by the Baptist Missionary Society.
BrovnCs History of the Propagation of Christianity, 1864, p. 1 .

The Life and Times of Caret, Marshman and Ward.
Embracing the History of the Serampore Mission. By John
Clark Marshman. " In Two Volumes.
Lonnov Longman, Brown, Green, Longman, & Boberts. 1869. Octavo.

Casbt, Ward, and Marshman. The Life and Times of
Cabet, Marshman, and Ward, embracing the History of the
Serampore Mission. By John Clark Marshman. 2 Vols.
London: Longmans. 1859.

The Christian Observer, vol. Iviii., 1859, p. 408.

PAULERSPUBT.

Art. VIII.— The Life and Times of Cabet> Marshman and
Ward, embracing the History of the Serampore Mission* By
John Clark Marshman. In two Yolnmes. London : Longman,
Brown, Green, Longmans, and Boberts. 1859.

The OaleuUa Beoiew^ vol. xxxii., pp. 437-469 .

WiLLiAK Gabby. A Lecture by the Bev. J. P. Chown.
Lectures before the Toung MeiCa Christian dssodatiotiy 1859^ p. 123.

From the London Quarterly. Life and Times of CAsxTy
Marshman and Ward.

The Ucleetie Magazine of Foreign Idteraturef
vol. xlix.. Hew York, 1860, p. 14.

Lecture on Dr. Cabit, Delivered in the School-room

attached to College Street Chapel. By I. Bedford of Daventry.

I^orthampton Mercury, May 17, 1862.

Account of WiLLiAK Cabet.

Jamiesoh's Ornaments of the Faith, 1863, p. 103.

The Story of Cabet, Marshman, and Ward^ the Serampore
Missionaries. By John Clark Marshman.
LOHDOK : J. Heston & Son, 42, PatemoBter Bow. 1864. Duodecimo,

— Popular Edition.

hOfSDGS I Alexander Strahan, & Co. 1864. Duodecimo.

The Baptist Missionary Society and Dr. Cabby.

RasselVs From Pole to Fole, 1866, p. 316.

— Another Edition.

HasselVs From Pole to Pole, 1872, p. 316.

Account of Dr. Cabet.

Moister^s Missionary Pioneers, 1871> p. 642.

WiLLiAH Cabbt and Joshua Marshman, The Serampore
Missionaries.

Yonge's Pioneers and Founders, 1871^ p. 96.

Notices of Dr. Cabey.

Letois' Life of John Thomas, 1873, p. 211.

Account of Dr. Cabey and other Baptist Missionaries.

Badhg's Indian Missionary Directory, 1876, p. 11.

PAULEESPtJfiT.

Memoir of William Cabby, D.D. (1761—1834), a
Baptist Minister and Oriental Scholar.

EnoyehpcBdia Britannica, vol. y., 1876, p. 101.

Dr. Casey.

tiOVDOV : The Religiooi Tract Society s 66, Paternoster Bow ; 66, St. Paul's
Ohorohyard i and 164, Piccadilly. Ko. 1006. Duodecimo,

Moulton Memorials of Dr. Cabby.

The Freeman, Dec* 19, 1879.

William Gabby. By James Gulross, D.D., Author of
« John, whom Jesus Loved," '* The Greatness of Little Things/*
etc.
LoHDONi HodderandStooghton, 27, Paternoster Bow. Mdoooizzzi. Oetano*

Biographical Sketch of William Cabby.
portrait.

William Carey. Butterworth k Heath so.

The Vanguard of the OhrUtian Army^ [1888], p. 31.

WitiLiAM Cabby the Linguist.

LandeW Baptist Worthies, 1883, p. 159.

*< At page 162 it says Dr. CSarey ' beoame pastor of a Baptist church first at
Barton.' Carey only occasionally supplied Earls Barton, a village
about six miles distant from Haokletoa. His first pastorate was at
Moulton, where he was ordained August 1, 1787.

"At page 169 tiie Easter meeting of ministers of the Northamptonshire
Associated Churches is stated to have been 'held at Clifton in 1791.'
It should be Clipstone.

'< At page 133 the formation of the Baptist Missionary Society is stated to
hare taken place in October, 1782 ; it should be 1792."—

The Baptist, Marck 20, 1884.

William Cabey, the Shoemaker who Translated the Bible
into Bengali and Hindostani.

"No, sir ! only a cobbler.'*-'i)r. William Carey,
** 1 am indeed poor, and shall always be so until the Bible is published in
Bengali and Hindostani, and the people want no further instruction." — Dr»
William Carey, Letter from India, 1794.

PORTRAIT.
William Carey, D.D.
Wtnhs' Lives of JOlmtrious Shoemakers, 1883, pp. 147-174

Foundation of English Missions — William Cabey the
first English Missionary, 1761-1834.

Smith's Short Sistory of Christian Missions, 1884, p. 155.

Lecture VI. Price 4d. The Evangelical Succession Third
Series Cabby By George Smith, LL.D., F.E.G.S., Edinburgh.
EDXiTBUBaH : Macniven and Wallace 182 Princes Street 1884 Duodecimo,

PATJLERSPURT.

Particulars relative to tbe Life and last IllneBs of the
Tenerable Dr. Gabey, who died on the 9th Jane, at the age
of 73.

The Axiatio Journal^ vol. xv., New Series, 1834, p. 204.

IVcm the " Snglithman . . . stated to be deriTed from a louroe on which
the fullest relianoe oan be placed."

Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal on the Death
of "William Caeet, D.D.
Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengah vol. iii., 1834, p. 300.

Bust to the Memory of the Founder of the Society (Dr.
William Cabby.)

Journal of the Agricultural and Horticultural Society of India,

vol. i., 1842, p. 178.

Biographical Notices of William Cabby.
Memoir of William Yates, D,D., hy James Rohy, 1847, p. 71.

Beference to the '* Nest of Consecrated Cobblers."
Memoirs of the Lives of Bohert JSaldane and J. A, Haldane,
by Alexander Haldane, 1852, p. 295.

Exertions in Aid of the Seratnpore Mission, and Corres-
pondence with Cabby, Marshmans, Ward, and Mack.
Life and Letters of Christopher Anderson, by Sugh Anderson, 1854,

pp. 254—336.

A Discourse oooasioned by the death of the Rot. William Carey, D.D., was
preached by Rev. Christopher Anderson, of Edinburgh, and soon after published,
containingr an outline of the life and character of the first Missionary of modem
times. The profits, amounting to about £18, he transferred to the funds of the
Mission, along with the collection made on the occasion of preaching the sermon,
amounting to £91 12s. 6d. In the first edition of the Sermon the place of
Carey's birth was erroneously stated.

Three Indian Heroes: The Missionary, The Statesman,
The Soldier. By the Bev. J. S. Banks.

LoHDOir : Wesleyan Conference Office, 2, Castle-Street, City-road ; and 66,
Paternoster Bow. Duodecimo,

I. The Missionary. WiUiam Carey.

Another Edition.

Loirsov : T. Woolmer, 2, Castle Street, City Koad ; and 66, Paternoster Bow,
£.C. Duodecimo,

PAULEESPUET.

The Literary Character of Dr. Gabbt. By H. H. "WUson,
Esq., M.A., F.B.S., Boden Professor of Sanscrit in the
University of Oxford^ Member of the Asiatic Society, and of
the Asiatic Societies of Bengal, Paris, etc. [1836.]

Dr. Belcher's William Carey [1863], p. 279.

Art. I. — India and Comparative Philology. On Gabet.

The Calcutta Beview, vol. zzix., 1857, p. 271.

Art. VIII. — The Life and Times of Gabby, Marshman
and Ward, embracing the History of the Serampore Mission.
By John Clark Marshman. In two Volumes.

The Calcutta Bcfnew, vol. xzxii., 1859, p. 437.

The Serampore Mission — First missionary effort of the
Baptists — William Carey — The Mission to Bengal — Marshman
and Ward — EstablishmeDt at Serampore — Hostility of the
Government — EveDtual Success.

Kaye'8 Christianity in India, 1859, p. 217.

Great Lives and their Lessons William Cabey; or,
Sanctified Scholarship. Medallion Portrait on Title.

London: W. Macintosh, 24, Paternoster Bow. The Book Society, 28,
Paternoster Bow. 18mo.

William Carey. Bom at Panlerspnry, Northamptonshire^
1761. Pastor at Moulton, 1787-1789. Pastor at Leicester,
1791-1793. M issionary in India, 1793-1834. Died at Seram-
pore, 1834.
Kirtland's Somes of the Baptist Missionary Society, 1886, p. 30.

William Carbt. New Biographical Series. — No. 24.
Portrait.
[The BeligiouB Tract Society, Paternoster Bow, London.] 8m, Quarto. [1885].

The Life of William Cabet, D.D. Shoemaker and
Missionary Professor of Sanskrit, Bengali, and Marathi in
the College of Fort William, Calcutta By George Smith,
LL.D. C.l.E. Fellow of the Boyal Geographical and Statistical
Societies ; Member of Council of the Scottish Geographical
Society ; Author of the * Life of Duff* and * Life of WUson,*
Etc. * * * * With Portrait and Illustrations
LoNDOK John Murray, Albemarle Street 1885 Oetavo,

Bibliographical List of the Writings of Dr, Carey
and Replies to them ; with Translations
issued by the Serampore Missionaries,

t^"'"ift2^"'' »'«; ^i* • n-^--^ hi.

^-.^Kr'lMrX^

2n^e asirftingd of aSfttlKam Cares.

An Enquiry into the Obligations of ChristianB, to Use Means for the
Conversion of the Heathens. In which the Religions State of the
Different Nations of the World, the Success of former Undertakings,
and tlie Practicability of further Undertakings, are Considered, by
William Cabet.

For there is no Difference between the Jew and the Greek;
for the Bame Lord over all, is lich unto all that call upon him.
For wboBoever shall call on the name of the Lord shall be saved.
How then shall they caU on him, in whom they haye not
believed? and how shall thej believe in him of whom they
have not heard P and how shall they hear without a Preacher P
and how shall they preach except they be sent ?

Paul.

LxicxsTKB : Printed and sold by Ann Lreland, and the other Booksellers in
Leicester; J. Johnson, St. Paul's Churchyard; T. Knott, Lombard Street;
B. Dilly, in the Poultry, London ; and Smith, at Sheffield, icnocxcn. 8vo.

An Enquiry into the Obligations of Christians, to Use Means for the
Conversion of the Heathens ; In which the relififious IState of the
different Nations of the World, the Success of former Undertakings,
and the Practicability of further Undertakings, are considered. By
William Caret, D.D. Professor of the Sungskritt, Mahratta, and
Bengalee Languages, in the College of Fort William, and one of the
Baptist Missionaries.

" For there is no difference between the Jew and the Greek; for the same

Lord over all, is rich unto all that call upon him. For whosoever shall call

on the name of the Lord, shall be saved. How then shall they call on him,

' in whom they have not believed ? and how shall they believe in him of whom

they have not heard P and how shall they hear without a Preacher ? and how

•^ shsll they preach except they be sent ? " Pa«2.

Lonnov: Published by Button and Son, Paternoster-Bow; and Sold byT.
Inkersley, Bradford; Bobinson and Co. and G. Wilson, Leeds; Holden,
Halifax ; Ooombe, Leicester ; J. James, Bristol ; and all other Booksellers.
1818. 12mo.

With an « Advertisement " (Preface) dated *' Shipley, Aug. 13| 1818."
1^0 doubt by Isaac Mann.

There is mention of an edition in the I^e qf Carey ^ by Dr. George Smith, as pub-
lished at Leicester in 1822 ; I have fitiled in tracing a copy.

Hymn by Mr. Caret. The Indian renouncing Heathenism, and embracing

Christianity.

Periodical AccotmU, vol. i., 1800, p. 626.

}

BengAi. [The Holj Bible oontaining the Old and New TeiUment,
translated into the Bengalee Language by the Serampore Missionaries,
and revised by W. Caret.]
SxBAXPOBB 1801-1805. 8to. 6 Vols.

IX o English title* psge.
"The third edition of the Bengali Testament was pnblishedin 1811 in folio
for the use of the natiye conpregations by that time formed. The fourth,
eonsisting of 6000 copies, appeared in 1816, and the eighth in 1832."—

J>r. Qeorge Smiih't Lift <if Dr. Cair9g, 1886, p. 266.

In the Biblical Magazine (1801-4) are Extracts from Letters from Mr.
Carey ; and Extracts from a Journal written by him.
Glipstovx, 1801—^ ; Dunstable, 1804. Sro.

A Grammar of the Bengalee Language. By W. Cabbt.
Printed at the Mission Press, Serampore. 1801. 8to.

A Grammar of the Benpfalee Language. The Second Edition, with
Additions. By W. Cabet, Teacher of the Sungskrit, Bengalee, and
Mahratta Languages, in the College of Fort WiUiam.
BxBAXPOBX, Printed at the Mission Press. 1805. 8to.

A Grammar of the Bengalee Language. The Fourth Edition, with Ad.
ditions. By W. Caret, D.D. Professor of the Snngskrita and
Bengalee Languages, in the College of Fort William.
Bbeaicpobx, Printed at the Mission Press. 1818. Svo.

Dialogues, intended to Facilitate the Acquiring of the Bengalee Language.
Sbbampobx, Printed at the Mission Press. 1801 . Syo.

Dialogues, intended to Facilitate the Aequiring of the Bengalee Language
Second Edition.
SxBjacpoBx, Printed st the Mission Press. 1806. 8to.

Dittloguee, Intended to Facilitate the Acquiring of the Bengalee Language.
Third Edition. By W. Carey, D.D. Professor of the Sungskrita
and Bengalee Languages,. in the College of Fort William.
SxBAMPOBB Printed at the Mission Press. 1818. Syo.

Hit6pad€sa, or Salutary Instruction. In the original Sanscrit.
Printed at Serampore, 1804. 4to.

In the Appendix to the First Report of the British and Foreign Bible
Society (1805) is an *' Extract of a Letter from the Rot. Mr. Caret
chief Minister of the Baptist Mission in the East Indies, communi-
cated by the Secretary of that Mission. Dated Calcutta, Feb. 27,
1804."

First General Letter, addressed by the Serampore Missionaries, as
translators of the Bible, to the natives of India, and briefly stating
to them its contents, and recommending it to their attention.
8 pages.
TtMHk Mnmr 2te$peeUng the TrantlaHoru qf ike Sacred Ser^furee, 18H P* ^«

Form of Agreement respecting the Great Prinoiplei upon which the

Brethren of the Mission at Serampore think it their duty to act in

the work of InBtruoting the Heathen, Agreed upon at a Meeting of

the Brethren at Serampore, on Monday, October 7, 1805.

SxBAXPOBx: Printed at the Brethren's Press. 1805. Reprinted at the Baptist

Mission Press, CaJontto. 1874. Syo.

Proposals for a Subscription for Translating the Holy Scriptures into the
following Oriental Languages :

Shanscrit, Mahratta, Teiinga, Tibet,

Bengalee, Guzerattoe, Burmah, Malay,

Hindoostanee, Orissa, Assam, - and

Persian, Carnata, Bootan, Chinese.

[Printed at the Mission Press, Serampore, in Bengal, 1806.] 4to.

" Cnrioos Interesting Annonnoement of the Bible Society, in which the
Serampore Appeal for Bible Printing is made the ground of Appeal by the
Society. It is signed by Carey and others, and issued by the British and
Foreign Bible Society. Important as ahewing what Carey did for the Bible
Society."

A Grammar of the Mahratta Language. To which are added Dialogues
on Familiar Subjects. By W. Cabby, Teacher of the Sungscrit,
Bengalee and Mahratta Languages in the College of Fort William.
SxBAXPOXB, Printed at the Mission Press. 1806. 8to.

A Grammar of the Mahratta Language, to which are added Dialogues
on Familiar Subjects. The Second Edition. By W. Cabet, DiD.
Professor of the Sungskrit, Bengalee, and Mahratta Languages in
the College of Fort William.
SxBAMPOBB. Printed at the Mission Press. 1808. 8to.

A Grammar of the Mahratta Language. To which are added Dialogues
on Familiar Subjects. The Third Edition. By W. Cabby, D.D.
Professor of the Sungskrit, and Bengalee Languages, in the College
of Fort William.
SxBAXPOBX : Printed at the Mission-Press. 1825. Syo.

A Grammar of the Sungskrit Language, Composed from the works of the
most esteemed Grammarians. To which are added. Examples for the
Exercise of the Student, and a Complete List of the Dhatoos, or
Boots. By W. Cabby. Teacher of the Sungskrit, Bengalee, and
Mahratta Languages, in the College of Fort- William.
Sbxaxpobx, Printed at the Mission Press. 1806. 4to.

Dedicated '< To the Most Noble Bichard Marqms Wellesley, E-P. &c. &o. Ac."

"The sarcastic attack on the Baptist Mission, by the Bev. Sydney Smith,"
in the Edinburgh Beview, " seemed so ontrageons to the conductors of the
Quartefljf Bevieie, that its first number for 1809 contained an article on
Sanskrit Grammars, in which an eulogy is passed on Dr. Carey's philological
labours on grounds of pure scholarship." — The BvangeUcal Sueeeuion, Third
8erie$, 1884, p. 206.

The Ramayuna of Valmeeki, in the Original Sungskrit. With a Prose
Translation, and Explanatory Notes, by WiLLUH Cabbt and Joshua
Marshman.
SibaxpobBi 1806. 4to. 3yols.

The Kamayunaof Valmeeki, Translated from the Original Saogrskrib, with
Explanatory Notes, by William Caret and Joshua Marshman.
Vol. I. Containing the First Book. Sold for the benefit of the Bap-
tist Missionary Society.
Printed by J. W. Morris, Dunstable. Sold by Measn. Black, Parry and Co.,
Leadenhall street; also by Batton, 24, and Burditt, 60, Paternoster Bow,
London. 1808. 8to.

Memoir relatire to the Translations of the Saered Scriptures : to the
Baptist Missionary Society in England.
Printed by J. W. Morris, Dunstable. 1808. 12mo.

C^ha, or Dictionary of the Sanscrit Language, by Amera Sinha : With
an English Interpretation, and Annotations. By H. T. Colebrooke,
Esq.
Printed at Serampoor, 1808. ito. 2 vols.

Remarks on the State of Agriculture, in the District of Dina'jpur. By
W. Cabby.

Tratuactioiu qf tk4 AaitOiek Society, toI. z.) 1808, pp. 1—28.

A Dictionary of the Mahratta Language. By W. Cabey, D.D. Professor
of the Sungskrita, Mahratta^ and Bengalee Languages in the College
of Port William.

SsBAMPOBX, 1810. 8to.

A Third Memoir of the Translations, Carrying on at Serampore, in a
Letter addressed to the Society.
LovDOir : Printed by J. Haddon, Finsbary, 1812. 12mo.

Ninth Memoir respecting the Translations and Editions of the Sacred
Scriptures, conducted by the Serampore Missionaries.
[Printed by M. C. Morris, Wycombe. 1823]. 8vo.

Tenth Memoir Respecting the Translations of the Sacred Scriptures into
the Oriental Languages, by the Serampore Brethren. With a Brief
Review of Their various Editions from the Commencement in the
Spring of 1794. Especially addressed to the various Bible Societies,
and those Subscribers who may not have seen, or not possess, the
previous Memoirs.

Parbnry, Allen, and Oo. London; D Marples, Liverpool; D. A. Talboys,
Oxford ; Deighton and Sons, Cambridge ; Wangh and Innes, W. White and
Go. W. Oliphantand Son, Edinburgh; M. Ogle, Glasgow; Wm. Cuny and
Co. Bobertson and Co. Dublin. 1834. 8vo.

— Second edition. London, 1834.

On Repentance. A Translation of an English Tract by Dr. Carey.

Tenth Memoir Bespeeting the TransUOiotu qf the Saered Seriptureg, 1834, p. 41.

Happy Deaths, or a New Token for Children, addressed to youths in
India. By Dr. Roxburgh, Edited by Dr. Carey. 8vo.
Tenth Memoir Beepeeting the Tranelatione qf the Sacred Seripturee, 1834, p. 39.

A Grammar of the Punjabee Language. By W. Caret, D.D. Professor
of the Sungskrit, Bengalee, and Mahratta languages, in the College
of Fort William.
SasAXPOBx: Printed at the ICisaion-PreM. 1812. 8to.

A Universal Dictionary of the Oriental Languages, derired from the
Sanskrit, of which that Language is to be the Groundwork. By Dr.
Carey.
The MS. was destroyed by the fire at the Mission Press, March 11, 1812.

Hindi. [The Holy Bible Translated from the Originals into the Hindu
Language. By the Serampore Missionaries, principally by W. Carey.]
SsKAHFOBB, 1812-18. 8yo. 6 vols.
Tol. 4 containing the Prophetiosl hooks is in Sanscrit. Vols. 1, 2, & 6 have no
English title-pages.

The Holy Bible, containing The Old and New Testaments, Translated
from the Originals into the Hindee Language. By the Serampore
Missionaries. Vol. m. Containing the Books of Job, the Psalms,
the Proverbs, Ecolesiastes, and the Song of Solomon.
Sxiuicposx : Printed at the Mission Press. 1818. 8to.

The Holy Bible, containing the Old and New Testaments, Translated from
the Originals into the Sungskrita Language. By the Serampore
Missionaries. Vol. iv. Containing the Prophetical Books.
SsBAUFOXE : Printed at the Mission Press. 1818. 8vo.

A Grammar of the Telinga Language. By W. Carey, D.D. Professor
of the Sungskrit, Bengalee, and Mahratta Languages, in the College
of Fort William.
SxBAicpoBB Printed at the Mission-Press. 1814. 8to.

Hortus Bengalensis, or a Catalogue of the Plants Growing in the Honour-
able East India Company's Botanic Garden at Calcutta.
SxBAMPOBB Printed at the Mission Press. 1814. Boyal 8to.

A Dictionary of the Bengalee Language, In which the Words are traced
to their Origin and their various Meanings given. By W. Carey,
D.D. Professor of the Sungskrit, and Bengalee Languages, in the
College of Fort William. Volume I.
Sbbi-icpobx: Printed at the Mission Press. 1816. 4to.

A Dictionary of the Bengalee Language, in which the Words are Traced
to their Origin, and their various Meanings given. By W. Carey,
D. D. Professor of the Sungskrita, and Bengalee Languages, in the
College of Fort William. Second Edition, with Corrections and
Additions.
BxBAHFOBX : Printed at the Mission-Press, 1825. 4to. 3 vols.

A Dictionary of the Bengalee Language. A.bridged from Dr. Carey's
Quarto Dictionary.
Bbbaxpobb: 1827. 2 vols. 8vo.

The Preface to vol. xi. is signed *'John 0. Marshman." Dated « Serampore
Deo. 10, 1828."

▲ Dictionary of the Bengaloe Language. Abridged from Dr. Caret's
Quarto Diotionary. Third Edition.
SaxAXPOBs: Printed at the " Tomohar" Press. Sold at the Press, and also at
the Caloutta School Book Society's Depository, and bj all the principal
Booksellers in Calcutta. 1864. 2 toIs. 8to.

A Grammar of the Kurnata Languaire. By W. Carbt, D.D. Professor of
the Sungskrita, Bengalee, and Mahratta Languages in the College of
Fort William.
Bbbakpoxi : Printed at the Mission Press. 1817. 8to.

A Fao-Simile of a Letter written by The Rer. Dr. Caret and of the
signatures of the Pastors and Deacons of the Church at Serampore
in the year 1817.
B. Cartwright, Lithographic Printer, 2 Warwick Place Bedford Bow. 4to.

College for the Instruction of Asiatic Christian and other Youth, in
Eastern Literature and European Science, at Serampore, Bengal.
LoiTDOK : Printed for Black, Kingsbory, Parbary, and Allen. Leadenhall Street.
1819. 4to.

flora Indica ; or Descriptions of Indian Plants, by the late William Rox-
burgh, M.D. F.R.S.E. &c. &c. Edited by William Caret, D.D.
To which are added Descriptions of Plants more Recently Discovered.
By I^athaniel Walllch, M.D. F.L.S. &c. Superintendent of the Bo-
tanic Garden, Calcutta.

« All thy works praise thee O Lord." Datis.
SlBAKPOBS I Printed at the Mission Press 1820. 2 toIs.

Flora Indica ; or, Descriptions of Indian Plants. By the late William

Roxburgh, M.D. F.R.S.E. Etc. Etc.

SxBAifroxB : Printed for W. Thacker and Co. Calontta, and Parbaiy, Alien,

and Co. London. 1832. 8 toIs. 8to.

The Adyertisement to Vol. i. is signed "W. Carey." Dated "Serampore,

Dec. 24th, 1831."

Transactions of the Agricultural and Horticultural Society of India.
Vol. L
CALorvxA : Be-Printed at the Baptist Mission Press,! Circular Boad. 1834 8to.

Introductory Discourse, deliyered by the President, September 21,
1824. ' p. 1.

Prospectus of an Agricultural and Horticultural Society in India.

p. 211.
Dated, "Mission House, Serampore, April 16, 1820."
Signed, " W. Caebt,"

A Letter addressed to the members of the Society, containing 20
questions relating to climate, water carriage, labour, produce.
Drawn up &c. by Dr. Carbt and approved by Committee,
March 11, 1821. p. 222.

List of Six Premiums proposed by Dr. Cabit and agreed to by Com-
mittee. March 20, 1822. p. 226.

Essays (from the Quarterly "Friend of India") Relative to the Habits,
Character, and Moral Improyement of the Hindoos.
LoimoK. 1823. 8to.

A Dictionary of the Bhotanta, or Boutan Langfuage. Printed from a
Manuscript Copy made by the late Rot. Frederic Christian Gk>tthelf
Schroeter, edited by John Marshman. To which is Prefixed A Gram-
mar of the Bhotanta Language. By Frederic Christian Grotthelf
Schroeter. Edited by W. Carey, D.D. F.L.S. F.G.S.
SiBJLXPOBi: 1826. 4to.

Beplyof Mr. J. C. Marshman to the Attack of Mr. Buckingham on
the Serampore Missionaries.
LoNDOir : Printed for Eingsbory, Parbory, aad Allen, Leadenhall Street. 1826.
8to.

Reply of Mr. J. C. Marshman to the Attack of Mr. Buckingham, on the

Serampore Missionaries. Second Edition. To which is Prefixed,

Reply of the Serampore Missionaries to the Attack made on them in

No. ni. ef the Oriental Magazine.

LovDoir : Kingsbury, Parboiy, and Allen, Leadenhall Street, kdocozztx. 8to.

Periodical Accounts of the Serampore Mission. New Series. Volume I.
From January 1827 to December 1833 Inclusive.
Parbury, Allen, and Go. London ; D. Marples, LiTerpool ; Waugh and Innea,
W. Whyte & Co. W. Oliphant and Son, Edinburgh ; M. Ogle, Glasgow ; Curry
and Go. Dublin. 1834. 8vo.

No zii. June 1833, p. 720.
A Statement of the principles proposed to be embodied In the Statutes
of Serampore College. Also an " Address to the Christian Public in behalf
of Serampore College.'* Signed by '* W. Carey, J. Marshman, John C.
Marshman, Members of the College Council."

ConHnued under the tifU qf

The Friend of India and of the East in general, with the Proceedings at
large of the Serampore Mission, In Continuation of the Periodical
Accounts. No. I. January 1836.

Brief Memoir Relative to the Operations of the Serampore Missionaries
Bengal, ^ith an Appendix.
LovDON : Parbury, Allen & Co., Leadenhall Street. 1827. 8vo.

Statement relative to Serampore, Supplementary to a "Brief Memoir."
By J. Marshman, D.D, With Introductory Observations, by John
Foster.
LovDON : Pnrbnryj Allen & Co. Leadenhall-Street. 1828. 8to.

Vindication of the Calcutta Baptist Missionaries : in Answer to '* A State-
ment relative to Serampore, by J. Marshman yD.D. With Introductory
Observations, by John Foster.'* By Eustace Carey & William Yates.
LoirsoH: Wightman ft Go. 24, Paternoster-Bow ; and Parbury, Allen, A Co.
7, LeadinhaU-Street. 1828. Sto.

The Spirit of the Serampore STstem, as it Existed in 1812 and 1813 ;
with Strictures on some Parts of "Dr. Marshman's Statement,
relatire to Serampore," in a Series of Letters to a Friend. £7 Wm.
Johns, M.D. F.L.S. F.H.8. Member of the Royal College of Surgeons,
London, &c.

I am young and je are very old : wherefore I was afraid, and darst not
shew yon my opinion, I said, Days should speak : — Great Men are not always
wise : — I also will shew mine opinion. Euhv.

Qui statnit aliquid, parte inaudit& alter&, aquum lioet statnerit, haad
•quus fuit. Sbitsca.

LoirBOH : Published by Wightman and Cramp, Paternoster-Bow. 1828 8to.

A Letter to John Broadley Wilson, Esq. Treasurer of the Baptist
Missionary Society ; occasioned by ''A Statement Belative to
Serampore, by J. Marshman, D.D. With Introductory Observations,
by John Foster ; " Including Original Correspondence, &c. By John
Dyer, Secretary to the Baptist Missionary Society.
LovDOK : Wightman & Go, 24, Paternoster Bow ; and Parbuty, Allen, & Co.
7, Leadenhall Street. 1828. Bto.

Letters Official and Private from the Rev. Dr. Caret, Relative to certain
Statements given in these Pamphlets lately published by the Rev. J,
Dyer, Secretary to the Baptist Missionary Society ; W. Johns, M.b. ;
and the Rev. E. Carey and W. Yates.

"Dr. Carey is universally known to be one of the humblest and most
modest of human beings."
1828. lUv. J, Dyer's Letter to J. B. Wilton, JSeq.

Sold by Parbury, Allen, and Co. London ; T. Kaye and D. Marples, Liverpool ;
Bulgin and Son, Bristol ; Wangh and Innes, Edinburgh ; Duncan and Co.
Glasgow ; and W. Curry and Co. Dublin. 8vo.

Letters Official and Private from the Rev. Dr. Caret, Relative to certain
Statements given in three Pamphlets lately published by the Rev. J.
Dyer, Secretary to the Baptist Missionary Society ; W. Johns, M.D. ;
and the Rev. E. Carey and W. Yates.

" Dr. Carey is universally known to be one of the humblest and most
modest of human beings."

Sev. J. Dyer* 9 Letter to J, B. Wilson, JSsq.
Second Edition.

1828. Sold by Parbury, Allen, and Co. London ; J. Gore and Son, T. Kaye,
T. Taylor, and D. Marples, Liverpool ; fiulgin and Son, Bristol ; Waugh and
Innes, Bd^burgh ; Duncan and Co. Glasgow ; and W. Curry and Co. Dublin.
8vo.

Letters from the Rev. Dr. Caret, relative to Certain Statements contained
in Three Pamphlets lately published by the Rev. John Dyer, Secre-
tary to the Baptist Missionary Society : W. Johns, M.D. and the
Rev. E. Carey and W. 'Xates. The Third Edition, Enlarged from
Seventeen to Thirty-two Letters, containing Dr. Caret's ideas re-
specting the Mission from the year 1815 to the present time.

** Dr. Carey is universally known to be one of the humblest and most
modest of human beings."

Bev. J, Dyer's Letter to J. B. Wilson, Bsq.
Loimoir : Parbury, Allen, and Co. : Sold also by J. Gore and Son, T. Kaye,
T. Taylor, and D. Marples, Liverpool; Bulgin and Son, Bristol; Waugh
and Innes, Wm. Whyte and Co. and Wm. Oliphant, Edinburgh ; Ogle and
Co. Glasgow; and W. Curry, and Co. Dublin. 1828. 8vo.

Two Lsttera to a Member of the Committee of the Raptut MiMionary
Society, on their Disputes with the Serampore Brethren; with
Addenda. By an Old Subscriber to the Baptist Mission.
" Qui pregrsTst srtes
Infra 86 positiBi extinotat smsbitar idem. **

HoSJlOS.

" He whose moral or Intalleotasl exoeUenoe esn aeo envy in hiB life time,

shall be revexed when he is dead."

" The sincere wish of my heart for the Baptist Mission is, that yon may

neyer be without a Marshman." „ ^

W. Gaxbt.

liOVDOir : Farbnry, Allen and Co. LeadenhaU Street; and Wightman and Co.,
2^, Paternoster Bow. 1829. 8vo.

Letters signed B. K^iohols.

Reply to the Rev. John Dyer's Letter to John Broadley Wilson, Esq. By
J. Marshman, D.D. Together with Thoughts upon the Discussions
which have Arisen from the Separation between the Baptist Mission-
ary Society and the Serampore Missionaries. By W. Caret, D.D.
Also a Communication on the same Subject, By the Rev. Wm. Rob-
inson, of Calcutta. And an Appeal, by the Serampore Missionaries,
on Behalf of the Labours in which they are engaged.
LovDoir : Fablisbed by Parbniy, Allen, and Co., and Hamilton, Adams, and Co.

Sold by T. Kaye, T. Taylor, and D. Marples, Lirerpool; Bulgin and Son,

Bristol; Wangh and Innes, W. Wbjte and Co., and W. Oliphant, £din.

mrgh; Ogle and Co., Glasgow; snd W. Cnrry, Jnn. and Co., Dublin.

Price One Shilling. [1880.] 8to.

Reply to the Rev. John Dyer's Letter to John Broadley Wilson, Esq.
By J. Marshman, D.D. together with an Appeal, by the Serampore
Missionaries, on behalf of the labours in which they are engaged ;
and a Communication on the same subject, by the Rev. Wm. Robin-
son, of Calcutta Second Edition. With an Appendix of Correspon-
dence, &c. Relative to a Proposal of the Serampore Brethrep to
submit the matters in Dispute to Arbitration.
Lovsoir : Published by Parbnry, Allen and Co., and Hamilton, Adams, and Co.
Sold by T. Kaye, T. Taylor, and D. Marples, Liverpool ; Bnlgin and Son,
Bristol; Wangh and Innes, W. Whjte and Co., and W. Oliphant, Edinmrgh ;
Ogle and Co., Glasgow ; and W. Curry, jun. and Co., Dublin.' 8to. [1881.]

Review of Two Pamphlets, by the Rev. John Dyer, and the Rev. E. Carey
and W. Yates. In Twelve Letters to the Rev. John Foster. By J. C.
Marshman. Together with an Appeal, by the Serampore Mission-
aries, on behalf of the lal^urs in which they are engaged ; and a
Communication on the same subject^ By the Rev. Wm. Robinson, of
Calcutta.
Lovnoir : Published by Parbiiry, Allen, and Co., and Hamilton, Adams, and Co.
Sold by T. Kaye, T. Taylor, and D. Marples, Liverpool ; Bulgin and Son,
Bristol; Wangh and Innes, W. Whyte and Co., and W. Oliphant, Edin-
mrgh ; Ogle and Co, Glasgow; and W. Curry, Jun. and Co., Dublin. Price
One Shilling. [1830.] 8to.

Thoughts upon the Discussions which have arisen from the Separation
between the Baptist Missionary Society and the Serampore Missions.

[1880.]

▲ Defence of the Serampore Mahratta Version of the New Testament :
in Reply to the Animadyersions of an Anonymous writer in the
Asiatic Joamal for Septepiber, 1829. By William Greenfield,
Editor of Bagster's Syriao New Testament, &c.
Modesto tamen et oiroamspeoto judioio d« tsntis yiris pronanoiandnm est, ne, quod
plerisque socidit, damneot qiuD non intelligunt. — QuurTiLLur.
LovDOH : Printed for Samael Bagster, No. 16, Faternoster Bow; . . .
Sold by Parbazy, Allen and Co. Leadenhall Street; Hatehsrd and Son,
Fiooadilly. ic.doco.zxx. 8to.

The Article—" Oriental Translations of the SLoriptores."

vol. xzriii., 1829, p. 297.

Letters on the Serampore Controyersy, addressed to the Rev. Christopher
Anderson ; occasioned by a Postcript, dated Edinburgh, 26th Novem-
ber, 1830, Affixed to the " Aeply" of the Rev. Dr. Marshman. By
Joseph Ivimey. With an Appendix, containing Various Documents
of Original Correspondence, &c.
" A brother offended is harder to be won than a strong oily, and their contentions
are like the bars of a castle." — Soloxov.
** Depart from eril, and do good ; seek peace, and pursue it."— David.
Loimoir : Printed for, and sold by the Author; and by Gtoorge Wightman, 24,
Paternoster Bow ; and Waugh and Innes, Bdinborgh. 1831. 8vo.

Supplement to the Vindication of the Calcutta Baptist Missionaries,
Occasioned by Dr. Carey's *' Thirty-two Letters," Dr. Marshman's
" Reply to the Rev. John Dyer," and Mr. John Marshman's '* Re-
view." By Eustace Carey.
Loirnoir : Published by Gtoorge Wightman, Paternoster-Bow ; and may be had
at the Baptist Mission-rooms, Fen-Court, Fenchurch-Street. 1831. 8to.

The New Testament of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ Translated
into the Simgskrit Language, from the Original Greek, By the
Missionaries at Serampore,
Sbeaitpobs, 1839. 4to.

Bibles en Sanscrit et en d'autres langues de I'lnde.

Brunet, Manuel du Libraire, vol. i., 1838, p. 286.

The Book of Genesis and part of Exodus, in Eaithi.
Galoittta : Printed for the Calcutta Bible Society, by J. Thomas, Baptist
Mission Press. 1861. 8vo.

The Gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Apoqtles in Kaithi Hindi.
CiXOUTTA : Printed by C. B. Lewis, for the Calcutta Anxilary Bible Sooie^, at
the Baptist Mission Press. 1868. 8vo.

Bibliographical List of Works pertaining to Baptist
Missions in the East, etc.

essorto totttafnfng flccottttto of t|e Sbotltts amongf^t t|e
Soptfote for vtottittlgatfng t|e O^osyel in InDfa; also
VitUvtnttfi to St. Cares anD otl^erft in eonneetion toitl^
^i00ion0 in f^e W>Mt.

The Baptist Annual Eegister for 1790, 1791, 1792, and part of 1793.

Including Sketches of the State of Religion among different

Denomiaations of Good Men at Home and Abroad. By John

Bippon, D.D. 4 ybis. 8to. London, 1790-1802.

The Evangelical Magazine. Syo. London, 1793.

1794.—" The moment Dr. Ryland read his letter from Carey he sent for Dr.
Bogue and Mr. Stephen, who happened to be in Bristol, to rejoice with him. The
three returned thanks to God, and then Bog:ue and Stephen, callinjif on Mr. Hey,
a leading citiaen, took the first step towards the foundation of a similar
organisation of non-Baptists, since known as the London Missionarr Society.
Immediately Bogue, the able Presbyterian minister who had presided o^er a
theological school at Gosport from which missionaries went forth, and who
refused the best living in Bdinburgh when offered to him by Dundas, wrote his
address, which appeared in the Evangelical Magaziiu for September, ealling on
the churches to send out at least twenty or thirty missionaries." —

Dr. George Smith*s Life of Dr, Carey, 1885, p. 114.

The Missionary Magazine, for 1796, A Periodical Monthly
Publication, Intended as a Eepository of Discussion, and
Intelligence Bespecting the Progress of the Gospel throughout
the World. Svo. Edinburgh, 1796.

The General Baptist Magazine for the year 1798.

Printed for D\an\. Taylor.

Continued under the title of

The General Baptist Bepository : . . . A Begister of General

Baptist Occurrences Published, at the request

of the Ministers and Bepresentatiyes of the New Connection
of General Baptists, by Adam Taylor. London, [1802].

A Concise and Connected Account of the Aise, progress, and present state
of the Particular BaptUt Mission in India. No. n., pp. 69—77, 97—108.

Jounudfl of William Ward and Dr. Marshman, 1799., etc.

Periodical AeeounU^ 1801^ yol.

11., p.

Periodical Accounts relative to the Baptist Missionary Society.
6 vols. 8ro. Clipsione, ete,, 1800—1817.

'* Fuller and his om^jutors iflsned from the press of J. W. Morris at Clipstone

towards the end of 17£^ No. I. of their Periodtcal Accounts relative to a Society

Jbrmed among ike Particular Baptists for PropaaaXitM the Oospel among the Beaiheti.

That contained a narrative of the foundation of the Society and the letters of Carej

up to 15th February 1794 from the Soondarhans, as well as an eccentric communi-

cation from Thomas, which called forth the ridicule of Sydney

Smith and the defence of Seuthey. Six of these Accounts appeared up to the year
1800, when they were published as one volume with an index and illustrations." —
Dr. George SmUh's Lift of Dr, Carey, 1885, p. 118.

Memoirs of the late Bey. Samuel Fearce, A.M. With Extracts
from some of his most Interesting Letters. Compiled by
Andrew EuUer. Portrait. 8to. Clipstone, 1800.

Second Edition. 12mo,
Third Edition. 8yo.
Fourth Edition, corrected. 8to.
Fifth Edition, corrected. 12mo.

Clipstone, 1801.

Dunstable, 1808.

London, 1816.

Birmingham, 1819.

Memoirs of the late Bey. Samuel Fearce^ A.M. With Extracts
from some of his most Interesting Letters. To which is added,
a Brief Memoir of Mrs. Fearce. Compiled by Andrew Fuller,
D.D. Eeyised by the Committee of Fublication. Am. S. S. JJ.
Portrait. 12mo. Philadelphia, 1829.

Memoirs of the Bey. Samuel Fearce, A.M. Originally compiled by
the Eey. Andrew Fuller. Now re-published^ with considerable
Additions, by W. H. Fearce, Missionary, Calcutta. 8yo.

London, 1831.

Another Edition. 12mo.
Ainother Edition. 12mo.

London, 1837.
London, 1842.

The Oospel Messenger. [In Bengalee Yerse.] By Bam Basu.

[1801.]

The Biblical Magazine, Intended to promote the Knowledge and
Belief of the Sacred Scriptures. 4 yols. 12mo. and 8yo.

Clipstone, etc., 1801-1804.

An Apology for the late Christian Missions to India : Comprising
an Address to the Chairman of the East India Company, in
Answer to Mr. Twining ; and Strictures on the Preface of a
Pamphlet, by Major Scott Waring ; with an Appendix, Con-
taining Authorities principally taken from the Eeports of The
Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, oj Andrew
Puller. 8yo. Dunstable^ 1802.

Second Edition. Three Parts. Dumtdble, 1808.

The Assembly's Missionary Magazine^ or Evangelical Intelligencer.
1806.

The Baptist Magazine for 1809. Vol. I. 8to. London.

Brief Narrative of the Baptist Mission to India. 8yo.

Dungtdble, 1808.

Brief Narrative of the Baptist Mission in India. Second Edition,
Enlarged. 12mo. London, 1810.

Brief Narrative of the Baptist Mission in India. Including an
Account of Translations of the Sacred Scriptures into the
Various Languages of the East. Third Edition. With Maps
Illustrative of this Narrative and the Periodical Accounts in
General. 8vo. London, 1810.

Pourth Edition. With Maps, illustrative of this Narrative,

and the Periodical Accounts in General. 8vo. London, 1813.

— Pifth Edition. With a Map, Illustrative of this Narrative,
and the Periodical Accounts in General. 8vo. London, 1819.

Extracts from a Journal, kept During a voyage from Philadelphia to
Calcutta, by Way of the Isle of Prance, on board the ship
Harmony, Capt. Michael Brown, in the year 1812. By W. J.
[William Johns.] 8vo. Serampore, 1812.

August 9, 1812. *' We haye had three sircars on board with us during the
afternoon and evening ; two of them bramins : they speak English fluently ;
they are familiar with the names Rev. Carey, and Rev. Marshman, and Rer.
Ward. One of them, a young man of uncommon intelligent appearance, paid,
Rev. Carey was a very artful man knows both to write and read many langu-
ages ; that he had printed many books, &o. His name Jiwgemaih, tells me that
this is that of his god, which is the same as Jesus Christ.''--(p. 46.)

Brief Statement of the Baptist Mission in the East. Folio. 3
pages. London, 1812.

An Apology for Promoting Christianity in India : containiog Two
letters, addressed to the Honourable the East India Company,
concerning the Idol Juggemaat ; and a Memorial, presented to
the Bengal Government in 1807, in Defence of the Christian
Missions in India. Printed bj Order of the Hon. the House
of Commons. To which are now added, Bemarks on the Letter
addressed by the Bengal Government to the Court of Directors
in Eeply to the Memorial. With an Appendix^ Containing
various Official Papers^ chiefly Extracted from the Parliamentary
Secords relating to the Promulgation of Christianity in India.
By the Bev. Claadios Buchanan, D.D. 8vo. London^ 1813.

Advantages of Christianity in Promoting the Establishment and
Prosperity of the British Government in India ; Containing
Bemarks occasioned by Beading a Memoir on the Yellore
Mutiny. By Joshua Marshman D.D. one of the Baptist
Missionaries at Serampore. 8yo. IZAmdon]^ 1813.

At the end is a Lkt of Worki printed by the Baptist MisBionariee at
Serampore.

Memorial on Indian Civilization. By Dr. S. C. Johns. 1813.

Letter from Alexander Murray, D.D., Professor of Oriental
Languages in the University of Edinburgh, on the Tendency of
the Translation of the Scriptures into the Indian Languages
to Promote Science. 8vo. Edinhttrgh^ 1813.

The History of the Propagation of Christianity among the Heathen
since the Reformation. By the Eev. William Bro^n, M.D.
In Two Volumes. London, 1814.

The History of the Propagation of Christianity among the Heathen
since the Eeformation. By the Rev. William Brown, M.D.
In Two Volumes. Second Edition. Illustrated with Maps, and
Greatly Improved. Edinburgh, 1823.

In roL n. pp. 228—225, is an interesting and valuable list of the Works
issued from the Mission Press at Serampore.

History of the Propagation of Christianity among the Heathen
since the Eeformation. By the Eev. William Brown, M.D.
Third Edition, brought down to the Present Time. In Three
Volumes* EdMurgh, 1864.

An Address to the Eeverend Eustace Carey, January 11, 1814, on
His Designation as a Christian Missionary to India. By
Eobert Hall, M.A. 8vo. Leicester, 1814.

^— « Second Edition. Leicester, 1814.

*— — Eonrth Edition. London, 1824.

Sermons on Vftrioue Important Public Occasions. By Bobert Hall,
A.M. Bdinhurgh, 1816.

Brief View of tbe Baptist Missions and Translations : with Speci-
mens of Various Languages in which the Scriptures are Printing
at the Mission Press, Serampore. Accompanied with a Map,
Illuatrative of the different Stations and the Countries in which
the Languages are spoken. Compiled from the printed
Accounts of the Baptist Missionary Society. 8yo. London, 1815.

The History of the Origin and First Ten Years of the British and
Foreign Bible Society. By the Bey. John Owen, A.M. 2 vols.
Large 8yo. London, 1816.

A Collection of Facts and Opinions Belatiye to the Burning of
Widows^ etc. By William Johns. Birmingham, 1816.

The Work of Faith, the Labour of Loye, and the Patience of Hope
Illustrated ; in the Life and Death of the Beyerend Andrew
Fuller, late Pastor of the Baptist Church at Kettering, and
Secretary to the Baptist Missionary Society, from its Commence-
ment, in 1792. Chiefly extracted from his own Papers, by John
Byland, D.D. Portrait. 8yo. London, 1816.

■ ' Second Edition, with Corrections and Additions. Portrait.
8yo. London, 1818.

Memoirs of the Life and Writings of the Bev. Andrew Fuller.
By J. W. Morris. Portrait. 8vo. London, 1816.

Copy of a Letter from the Bey. Dr. Marshman, relatiye to his
Clayis Sinica, &c. &c. Addressed to the Bey. Dr. Byland.
Dated Serampore, December 13th, 1816. Beceiyed June 16th,
1817. Folio.

Only 50 Copies Printed.

The First Beport, of the General Baptist Missionary Society, June
2i>, 1817. 12mo. Derby.

The Samachar Durpun, or Mirror of Intelligence, Bengalee and
English. Serampore, 1818.

** This paper, tbe first number of wbicb was ]3ublisbed sixteen ^ears ago, tib.
May, 1818, bas been of incalculable use. Read witb avidity, as it is, from Delbi
to Arracan and Assam, tbe native mind bas been stimulated, informed, and so far
drawn away from tbe noxious reverence for Hindooism." —

Tenth Memoir respecting ike Translaiiona of the Sacred Scrtpttanet, 1884, p. 87.

Farewell Letters to a few Friends in Britain and America, on
Betuming to Bengal in 1821 By William Ward, of Serampore.
12mo. Londen, 1821.

The Annual Beport of the Committee of the Baptist Missionary
Society, Addressed to the General Meeting, Held at Cambridge,
on Thursday, October 7th, 1819 ; Being a Continuation of the
Periodical Accounts Eelative to the said Society. Printed by
Order of the General Meeting.

In the Baptist Moffozine for January, 1819, and at the end of the Keport [for
October, 1819,] is printed the first No. of the

Missionary Herald. Containing Intelligence^ at Large, of the
Proceedings and Operations of the Baptist Missionary Society ;
and Recording the Principal Transactions of other Similar
Institutions. 8yo.

Hints on Missions. By James Douglas, Esq. 12mo.

Edinburgh, 1822.

Brief Memoir of Krishna-Pal, the Pirst Hindoo, in Bengal, who
Broke the Chain of the Cast, by Embracing the Gospel. By
the late Rev. W. Ward, of Serampore, Author of the History of
the Hindoos, Farewell Letters^ &c., &c. Second Edition.
Portrait. 12 mo.

Serampore : Printed^ 1822. Londan : Beprinted 1823.

An Account of the American Baptist Mission to the Burman
Empire: In a Series of Letters, Addressed to a Gentleman in
London. By Ann H. Judson. Map. 8yo. London, 1S2^.

Second Edition. London^ 1827.

The HistoiTi Design, and Present State of the Religious, Benevolent
and Charitable Institutions, Pounded by the British in Calcutta
and its Vicinity By Charles Lushington, Esq. of the Bengal
Civil Service. 8vo.

Calcutta : Printed at the Sindoitanee Press. 1824.

'* Charles LushiDgton, in his History extols " the Benevolent Institution for
the Instruction of Indigent Children "as one of the monuments of active and
indefatigable benevolenoe due to Serampore. Here, on the Lancaster system, and
superintended bj Carey, Mr. and Mrs. Penney had as many as 300 boys and 100
girls under Christian instruction of all ages up to twenty-four, and of every race."
Dr. George Smith't Life of Dr. Carey, 1885, p. 153.

Letters on Missions : Addressed to the Protestant Ministers of the
British Churches: By Melvill Home, Eormerly Chaplain of
Sierra Leone, West- Africa. 12mo. London, 1824.

The Works of the Eey. Andrew Puller. In Eight "Volumes. To
which is prefixed, a Memoir of the Author, by John Byland,
DJ). London, 1824.

Correspondence Eelative to the ProBpects of Chriatianity, and the
Means of Promoting its Beception in India. 8yo.

Cambridge (U.S.) : 1824. London: 1825.

ThonglitB on Missions to India. [By Dr. Marshman ] 8yo.

Serampore, 1825

At the end of the copy formerly in the *' Friend of India Library, Serampore "
DOW in the Baptist Missionary Society Library, is the following Note in Carey'i
Autograph MS. : — "I examined and approved of the whole of this before it
passed through the Press, and consider the sentiments contained therein as iden-
tified with my own. W, Cabbt."

A Sermon, occasioned by the Death of the Rey. John Byland, D.D.
Preached at the Baptist Meeting, Broadmead^ Bristol, June
5th, 1826. By Eobert Hall, M.A. 8vo. London, 1826.

Second Edition. 8vo. London, 1825.

Memoirs of Mr. John Chamberlain, late Missionary in India. By
William Yates.

Calcutta : Printed at the Baptist Mission Press,
London, Reprinted, 1826.

Memoirs of Mr. John Chamberlain, Late Missionary in India. By
William Yates. Eepublished under the Direction of the
Committee of the Baptist Missionary Society. With a Preface,
by F. A. Cox, A.M. London^ 1826.

Memoirs of Mr. John Chamberlain, late Missionary in India. By
William Yates. Calcutta : Printed at the Mission Press.

London, Beprinted, 1826.

On the Inefficacy of the Means now in use for the Propagation of
Christianity in India. 8vo.

The Oriental JEerald, 1825, vol. v., p. 686.

Memoirs of the Life and Writings of the Eey. Aindrew Fuller.
By J. W. Morris. New Edition, Corrected and Enlarged.
Portrait. 8?q. London, 1826.

Thoughts on Propagating Christianity more Effectually among the
Heathen. Second Edition. 12mo.

Serampore : Printed at the Mission Press.
Mdinhurgh Beprinted : 1827.

Brief Memoir Belatiyeto the Operations of the Serampore Mission-
aries, BengiJ. With an Appendix. 8yo. London, 1827.

The Gteneral Baptist Home Missionarj Eegister, Tract Bepositoiy
and Teachepa' Magasine. Vol. II. New Series.

Loughborough \IS29'\.

India's Cries to British Humanity, relative to the Suttee^ Infanti-
cide, British Connexion with Idolatry, Obaut Murders, and
Slavery in India ; ... By J. Peggs, late Missionary at
Cuttack, Orissa. Second Edition, revised and enlarged, with
an Account of the Present State of Infanticide and of Slavery
in India. 8vo. London^ 1830.

Periodical Accounts of the Serampore Mission. New Series.
Volume I. from January 1827 to December 1883 inclusive.

Cbntinaed under the title of

The Friend of India and of the East in general, with the Proceed-
ings at large of the Serampore Mission, in Continuation of the
Periodical Accounts. 2 vols. 8vo.

Edinburgh, Liverpool, 1834-37.

Title chanees after No. 13 of the Periodical Accounts. Vol. ii. consists of
No. 13 and Nos. i. Januarj 1836 to No. iz. September Ist 1837, of the
Friend of India, The pagination of these is continuous.

The Christian Correspondent : Letters, Private and Confidential, by
Eminent Persons of both Sexes ; Exemplifying the Fruits of
Holy Living, and the Blessedneps of Holy Djing. With a
Preliminary Essay by James Montgomery, Esq. 3 vols. 12mo.

London, 1837.

Second Edition. 3 vols. 12mo. London, 1837.

The Life of William Wilberforce. By his Sons, Bobert Isaac
Wilberforce, M.A. Vicar of East Eorleigh, late Eellow of Oriel
College ; and Samuel Wilberforce, M.A. Eector of Brighstone.
In Five Volumes. Portrait. Sm. 8vo. London, 1838.

A Catalogue of the Plants Growing in Bombay and its Vicinity.
Spontaneous, cultivated or introduced, as far as they have been
ascertained. By John Graham. Published under the Auspices
and for the use of the Agri-horticultural Society of Western,
India. To be continued and completed. Bombay, 1839.

'* That promising young scientist John Graham, whom Sir John Malcolm

brought from Dumfries to Bombay in 1826, and who died at Khandala in 183d, at

the early a^ of thirty-four, gives Carey due honour in his rare Calalogue of

. tk$ PiawU Growing in Bombay and its Vicinity, which all botanists consider a

most useful work.''--i>r. Oeorge Smith's Life of Dr. Carey, 1885, p. 804.

Sketch of the Commencement and Present State of the Baptist
Missionary Society. 8to. London [1842].

The History of Christianity in India From the Commencement of
the Christian Era. By the Eev. James Hough, M.A., F.C.P.S.
5 vols. London, 1839-1860.

■ Commeneement of the Baptist Mission in Bengal, 179&-1806.

. vol. iv., p. 92.

Baptist Mission in Bengal and the £ast, from 1807-1816. yol. iy., p. 395 .

Baptist Mission in Bengal and the £ast, from 1817 to 1826. yol. y., p. 150.

The Missionary's Appeal to British Christians, on behalf of Southern
India 3 comprising Topographical Descriptions of the Madras
Presidency ; Notices of the Moral Statistics of its Provinces;
Observations on the Character and Condition of its Population ;
and Arguments in favour of Augmented Eiiort for its s Evan-
gelization ; by John Smith, of the London Missionary Society.
12mo. London, 1841.

Two Sermons preached at Kettering on the 81st of May, and the
Ist of June^ 1842, before the Baptist Missionary Society^ at a
Special General Meeting held in Celebration of its Fiftieth
Year; with an Account of the Meeting. 8vo. London, 1842,

By the Key. £dward Steane, D.D. ; and the Bey. Heniy Godwin, D.D.

The Baptist Jubilee Memorial. By J. P. Winks. Portrait and
Engravings. 8vo. Leicester, [1842].

History of the Baptist Missionary Society, from 1792 to 1842. By
Dr. Cox. With a Sketch of the General Baptist Mission.
2 vols. 8vo. London, 1842.

Biographical Sketches of Joshua Marshman, D.D.^ of Serampore.
8vo. 'Nevocastle upon Tyne : Emerson Charnley, 1843.

The Baptist Beporter, and Tract Magazine. Sixth Series.— Tolume
n., 1843. Edited by J. E. Winks. Leicester.

The Baptist Eeporter. New Series.— Vol. I, 1844. Edited by
Joseph Fouikes Winks. Portrait. 8vo. Leicester,

The Annals of the English Bible By Christopher Anderson 2 vols.

8vo. London, 1845.

Mr. Christopher Anderson justly remarks, in hia Annals of the English Bible,
' published forty years ago : — ''Time, however, will show, and in a yery singular
manner, that every version, without exception, which came from Carey's hands,
has a value affixed to it which the present generation, living as it were too near
an object, is not yet able to estimate or descry. Fifty years hence, we repeat,
the character of this extraordinary and humble man will be more correctly
appreciated."— Dr. George Smith's Life of Dr, Carey, 1886, p. 260.

The Oriental Baptist. Published under the Auspices of the Associ-
ation of Baptist Churches in Bengal. Vol. I. Calcutta, 1817.

OHssa: Its Geography, Statistics, History, Eeligion, and An-
tiquities, by Andrew Sterling, Esq., late Persian Secretary to
the Bengal Government. To which is added, A History of the
General Baptist Mission Established in the Province. By
James Peggs, late Missionary at Guttack, Orissa. 8vo.

London, 1846.

Art. IV. — 1. Game's Livea of Eminent Missionaries, vol. I.,
p. 299 — 318 : John Eernander.

2* Asiatic Journal: Biography; Kiecnander the Missionary.
The Calcutta Beniew, vol. vii., 1847, p. 124.

'Tn the only reliable life of Riemander, in the Calcutta Review for 18479
vol. tIL pp. 124-184, the Rev. James Long, of the Church Misnionary Society,
olaims for Carey and his colleagues ' all the credit due to an original attempt in
deyising and carrying out three excellent plans which have laid so broad a foun-
dation on which to build the natiye churches ' of North India."- -

Dr. George Smith's Life of Dr, Carey, 1885, p. 78.

The Missionary World: a Quarterly Journal of Biography and
Intelligence. Edited by Key. F. A. Cox, D.D., LL.D. No. I.,
May,, 1849. 8to. London,

The Principal Works and Bemains of the Eev. Andrew Fuller; with.
a New Memoir of his Life by his Son, the Eev. A. Gt. Fuller.
Portrait. 12mo. London, 1852.

The Bible in many Tongues. 12mo.

London, The Beligiom Tract Society [1863].

Account of the Labours of Dr. Carey, by Bev. John Dyer.

I>r. Belcher's Life of Oaretfy 1858^ p. 210.

The Case of the Baropakhya Christians, Zillah Backergunge. By
Edward Bean tJnderhilly Secretary of the Baptist Missionary
Society. 8vo. Calcutta^ 1856.

A Vindication of the Baptist Missionaries and their Conyerts.

Eustace Carey : a Missionary in India. A Memoir by Mrs. Eustace
Carey. Portrait. 8vo. ' London, 1857.

The G-ospel in Burmah. By Mrs. Macleod Wylie. Map. 12mo.

Calcutta. London, 1859.

Missions of the Baptist Missionary Society in Northern India.
By Edward Bean XJnderhill, one of the Secretaries of the
Society. Map. 8vo. London, Baptist Mission House, 1859.

A Memoir of the Life and Writings of Andrew Puller. By bis
Grandson, T. E. Fuller. 12mo. London, 1863.

The Bible of Every Land. A History of the Sacred Scriptures in
every Language and Dialect into which Translations have been
made : Illustrated by Specimen Portions in Native Characters;
Series of Alphabets ; Coloured Ethnographical Maps, Tables^
Indexes, etc. New Edition, Enlarged ana Enriched. 4to.

London, 8amuel Burster Sf Sons, [I860.]

In determining the value of Dr. Carey's Sanscrit yersion, it most be
remembeited that it was undertaken at a period when the language had been
little studied by Buropeans, and when no printed copies of the standard works
were in existence. Yet, notwithstanding the disadvantages under which he
laboured, Dr. Carey seldom fails in point of fidelity or correctness. His defects,
it has been w^ remarked, are mainly to be attributed to " the principle which
appears to have influenced all the Serampore versions — that of translating as
closely to the letter of the text as possible : a rigour of fidelity that cannot fail
to cramp and distort the style of the translator." — (p. 89.)

The Voice of Jubilee: a Narrative of the Baptist Mission, Jamaica,
from its Commencement; with Biographical Notices of its
Fathers and Founders. By John Clark, W. Dendy, and J. M.
Phillippo, Baptist Missionaries. With an Introduction by
David J. East, Principal of the Native Collegiate Institution,
Calabar, Jamaica. 8vo. London, 1865.

Eomance of Modern Missions. By Miss Brightwell. Illustrations.
London, The Iteligioua Tract Society, [1870].

The Pioneers : a Narrative of Facts Connected with Early Christian
Mit^sions in Bengal, Chiefly Relating to the Operations of the
London Missionary Society. By George Gogerly, late
-Missionary in Calcutta. London, 1871.

Eeports and Documei^ts on the Indian Mission, Prepared for the

use of the Committee of the Baptist Missionary Society, by

the Special Committee, Appointed December 7th, 1869. 8vo.

London : Baptist Mission House, 1872.

Christian Missions in the East and West, in Connection with the
Baptist Missionary Society. 1792-1872. 12mo. London,lS7S.

The Life of John Thomas, Surgeon of the Earl of Oxford East
Indiaman, and First Baptist Missionary to Bengal. By C. B.
Lewis, Baptist Missionary. 8vo. London, 1873.

Christianity and the Beligions of India. Essays by James Kennedy,
iM«A., Banee Khet, Northern India. 8vo.

Mirzapore : Orphan School Press, 1874.

The Sunday Magazine; Edited by W. 0-. Blaikie, D.D., LL.D.
Illustrations. — [" The Canterbury of North India." By George
Smith.] Vol.111. N.S. London, lS74i.

A Statifltical Account of Bengal. By W. W. Hunter, B.A., LL.D.

London, 1875.

Indian Wisdom or Examples of the Eeligious, Philosophical, and
Ethical Boctrines of the Hindus : with a Brief History of the
chief Departments of Sanscrit Literature, and some Account
of the Past and Present Condition of India, Moral and
Intellectual. By Monier Williams, M.A. 8vo. London, 1875.

John Chamberlain : A Missionary Biography. By C. B. Lewis.
Portrait. 12mo. Calcutta : Baptist Mission Press^ 1876.

The Life of John Wilson, D. O. P.E.S. For Fifty Tears Philanthro-
pist and Scholar in the East By G-eorge Smith, LL.D. With
Portrait and Illustrations 8vo. London^ 1878.

— - Second Edition Abridged. Sm. 8vo. London, 1879.

The Life of Alexander Duff, D.D., LL.D. By George Smith,
CLE. LL.D. Popular Edition. Portraits. London, 1881.

The Ely Volume ; or, the Contributions of our Foreign Missions to

Science and Human Well-being. By Thomas Laurie^ D.D. 8 vo.

Boston, American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, 1881.

Dedication, "Sacred to the Memory of the Rey. Alfred Ely, D. D., Monson,
Mass., According to the Desire of his Son, the Hon. Alfred B. Ely, Newton^
Mass., who made proyision for the Publication of this Volume.

See Church Missionary Intelligencer and Record, December, 1884, for
Criticism by Mr. R. N. Cast.

Andrew Fuller. By his Son, Andrew Ounton Fuller. Sm. 8vo.

London, 1882.

Echoes from Old Calcutta. By Dr. Busteed. 1882.

The History of Protestant Missions in India From their Commence-
ment in 1706 to 1881. By the Eev. M. A. Sherring, M.A.,
LL.B., Lond. New Edition, carefully revised and brought
down to date, by the Eev. Edward Storrow, formerly of Calcutta.
Maps. London, Eeligious Tract Society, 1884.

Life and Work in Benares and Kumaon 1839-1877 By James
Kennedy, M.A. (Late Missionary of the London Missionary
Society, Author of '' Christianity and the Eeligions of India,"
etc.) With an Introductory Note by Sir William Muir.
Illustrated. 8vo. London, 1884.

The Evangelical Succession A Course of Lectures Delivered in
Free St. George's Church Edinburgh, 1883-84 Third Series
Sm. 8vo. Edinburgh^ 1884.

The Life of the Eev. John Wenger, D.D., Missionary in India, and
Translator of the Scriptures into Bengali and Sanscrit. By
E. B. XJnderhill, LL.D. Portrait. Sm. 8vo. London^ 1886.

Addenda,

9lD9enDa«

Extract from The Baptist Reporter, July, 1844.

Sudbury, April 8, 1844.
Dear Sir, — The following copy of a letter from the great and
good Dr. Carey, to my grandfather, Mr. J. Stanger, (who was for
more than fifty years pastor* of the baptist church at Bessels Green,
Kent,) may prove interesting to some of your readers : it is therefore
at your service. The original is in my own possession. It will be
seen to be dated upwards of fifty-seven years since.

Yours, with the best wishes.

To the Editor of the Baptist Reporter,

Mpulton, Feb. 13, 1787.
My dear and Rev. Friend, — Did you know how little time I have,
especially in winter, and the necessary business that calls me to attend
to it daily, you would easily forgive my not writing sooner. The
terms that you set for our correspondence I heartily approve of, and
freely tell you that I shall recommend the very same to you. Unless
we are free and open, I see no probability of our being useful to each
other 5 which ought, in all our letters, to be our only aim and intent.
To advise, caution, or reprove, when necessary, seems to be included
in those words of our blessed Master to Peter, — which words may
God always impress upon my soul, — i.e., *' When thou art converted,
strengthen thy brethren." Prayer is absolutely necessary 5 for what
interest have we in each other's cases, unless we carry them to a
throne of grace ?

Paul informs us that a bishop should be "apt to teach." Teaching
in the pulpit, though one great part of his work, yet is not all. He
should keep up the character of a teacher, an overlooker,- at all times ;
and in the chimney corner, as well as the pulpit. I am conscious

that people in general expect the gospel mioister to introduce religious
conversation ; to keep it up, when begun -, jea, to reprove their sins
and iniquities in an honest and faithful manner. Carnal men, as well
as spiritual^ seem to expect thfs from us. If we act out of character,
therefore, we sink the reputation of the ministerial character, and
make it appear mean and contemptible; we wrong and injure, we
deceive and elude the expectations of the world ; we fix guilt upon
our own souls, and, what is worse, imbibe a habit of neglecting this
great part of our employ, and of indulging trifling in our discourse.
May you and I watch and pray, that we enter not into temptation.

The importance of those things that we have to do with, ought
always to impress our minds, in our private studies, our addresses to
God, and our labours in the pulpit. The word of God ! What need
to pray much and study closely, to give ourselves wholly to those
great things, that we may not speak falsely for God. The word of
truth ! Every particle of it infinitely precious. O that we may never
trifle with so important things. The souls of men ! Eternal things !
all of the utmost moment j their value beyond estimation, their
danger beyond conception, and their duration equal with eternity.
These, my dear friend, we have to do with 5 these we must give
account of. May we take heed to the ministry that we have received
of the Lord, that we fulfil it. May we reprove, rebuke, exhort, be
diligent, in season and out of season, always abounding in the work
of the Lord. For things so great who is sufficient ? Yet we need
not be discouraged, since Christ has said, '^ Lo ! I am with you always,
even to the end of the world ! "

Pray for me, and God help me to pray for you.

You desire that I would write an account of everything that is
worth writing, respecting the state of afiairs at Moulton. I think
I wrote you word that we had begun a gospel discipline in the
church. Through the good hand of our God upon us I trust that it
has been useful ; and our people, who knew little or nothing of its
utility, begin to see both its necessity, propriety, and usefulness.
Seven have been added to the church, and affairs seem in a desirable
train. The church and congregation have joined in inviting me to
take upon me the pastoral office. I have not the least objection,
except for fear about temporal supplies. Yet, after prayer to God,
and advising with neighbouring ministers, I am disposed to trust
those things in the hand of God, who has helped me hitherto ; and
have accordingly signified my assent to the church. Probably an
ordination may take place in the spring, of which I will give you

intelligence. Your sister Rogers has just been at Moulton. Your
relations are well -, (except your brother Robinson's family, which
has been long afflicted). They would join in love did they know
of my writing.

I am cordially yours,

W. Caret.

Extract from Thb Freeman, March 20, 1885.
Monumental Brass to Dr. Caret.

Many of your readers will be interested to know that a memorial
of Dr. William Carey has just been erected in the village of Paulers-
pury, where hitherto nothing has been done to remind the visitor of
the illustrious missionary and scholar who was born and spent his
youth in the place. Edmund Carey, his father, was parish clerk and
schoolmaster in the village, and died there, and was buried in the
churchyard near the south porch. The headstone on his grave, which
had fallen somewhat, and the inscription on which was nearly illegible,
has now been re-lettered and placed in an upright position, and, in
addition, a monumental brass has been fixed inside the porch, very
near the head of the grave.
* The brass bears the following inscription : —

To the Glory of God

and in

Memory of Dr. Wm. Carey,

Missionary and Orientalist,

Who was Born at Paulerspury Aug 17th 1761

Died at Serampore, India,

June 9^ 1834.

The remains of his father Edmund Carey
lie near this spot.

The work has been done principally at the instigation of Mr. E. S.
Robinson, of Bristol, to whom I named a long-cherished wish to do
something of the kind. He at once desired me to undertake the
work. The task was congenial and pleasant, and has been a labour of
love. But At is right to state that the entire expense has been borne
by Mr. Robinson. I am glad to bear testimony also to the kind way
in which the archdeacon and the rector have acted throughout, not
only affording ' every facility for doing the work, but the latter
generously remitting the usual fees to which he was entitled.

W. Fidler.
Towcester, March 2, 1885.

Extract from Thb Northamptom Guardian, March 2S, i88j.
Dr. Wm. Carey was a Northamptonshire man—- a local worthy of
whom we all have reason to be proud. He was a shoemaker^ too,
and the gentlemen of the gentle craft, therefore, can boast of him as
an ornament to their calling. Born at Paulerspury, in this county,
there has been> we believe^ no memorial in his native village to mark
his association with the place. Within the last few weeks, however,
through the intervention of the Rev. Wm. Fidler, of Towcester, and
the generosity of Mr. £. S. Robinson, of Bristol, a brass tablet to his
memory has been erected in the porch of the parish church, near to
the headstone which marks the resting place of the mortal remains of
Carey's father. And though Carey, as a Baptist missionary, never
episcopally ordained, was therefore "a, sectary and schismatic,** the
Archdeacon of Northampton (the Very Rev. Canon Thicknesse) and
the Rector of Paulerspury have, with graceful courtesy, afforded every
facility for the erection of the memorial, and the latter, with a good
feeling which does him honour, has foregone the fees which the law
allows him.

In the Baptist College, Bristol, is the Silk Scarf which
the ruler of **Bootan'* presented to Carey, on his visit to that country
in 1797' It is olive green and gold brocade, and is very rich. It is
about four yards in length and a yard broad. The visit was made by
Carey and Thomas in March, 1797, ''to proclaim the gospel to the
Bhuddists of that region, where the name of the Redeemer had never
been heard before." An account of the visit is given in Dr. George
Smith's Life of Dr. Carey, 1885, P* ^o^*

Dr. Caret Visited by Alexander Duff. •
Among those who visited him in his last illness was Alexander
DufF, the Scotch missionary. On one of the last occasions on which
he saw him — if not the very last — he spent some time talking chiefly
about Carey's missionary life, till at length the dying man whispered.
Pray. Duff knelt down and prayed, and then said Good-bye. As
he passed from the room, he thought he heard a feeble voice
pronouncing his name, and, turning, he found that he was recalled.
He stept back accordingly, and this is what he heard, spoken with
a gracious solemnity: "Mr. DufF, you have been speaking about
Dr. Carey, Dr. Carey -, when I am gone, say nothing about Dr. Carey,
— speak about Dr. Carey's Saviour.** DufF went away rebuked and
awed, with a lesson in his heart that he never forgot.

• William Carey. By James Cnhoss, D.D. 1881. Eodtkr ^ SUmghton.

Extracts from The Life of William Carey, D.D. Shoemaker and
Missionary. By George Smith, LL.D. C.T.E.*

Appointed to the College of Fort William.

A month after his appointment he thus told the story in a letter
to Dr. Ryland :—

Serampore, i^th June 1801. . . . We sent you some time ago
a box full of gods and butterflies, etc., and another box containing a
hundred copies of the New Testament in Bengali. . . . Mr. Lang is
studying Bengali, under me, in the college. What I have last
mentioned requires some explanation, though you will probably hear
of it before this reaches you. You must know, then, that a college
was founded last year in -Fort William, for the instruction of the
junior civil servants of the Company, who are obliged to study in it
three years after their arrival. I always highly approved of the
institution, but never entertained a thought that I should be called to
fill a station in it. The Rev. D. Brown is provost, and the Rev.
Cladius Buchanan, vice-provost; and, to my great surprise, I was
asked to undertake the Bengali professorship. One morning a letter
from Mr. Brown came, inviting me to cross the water, to have some
conversation with him upon this subject. I had but just time to call
our brethren together, who were of opinion that, for several reasons,
I ought to accept it, provided it did not interfere with the work of
the mission. I also knew myself to be incapable of filling such a
station with reputation and propriety. I, however, went over, and
honestly proposed all iny fears and objections. Both Mr. Brown and
Mr. Buchanan were of opinion that the cause of the mission would
be furthered by it 3 and I was not able to reply to their arguments.
I was convinced that it might. As to my ability they could not
satisfy me ; but they insisted upon it-that they must be the judges of
that. I therefore consented, with fear and trembling. They proposed
me that day, or the next, to the Governor-General, who is patron and
visitor of the college. They told him that I had been a missionary
in the country for seven years or more 5 and as a missionary I was
appointed to the office. A clause had been inserted in the statutes,
to accommodate those who are not of the Church of England (for
all professors are to take certain oaths, and make declarations) ; but,
for the accommodation of such, two other names were inserted, viz.
lecturers and teachers, who are not included under that obligation.
When I was proposed, his lordship asked if I was well affected to
the state, and capable of fulfilling the duties of the station 5 to which
♦ London: John Murray, 1886. .

84'

Mr. B. replied, that he should never have proposed me if he had had
the smallest doubt on those heads. I wonder how people can have
such favourable ideas of me. I certainly am not disaffected to the
state > but the other is not clear to me. — (p. 217.)

William Wilbbrforce on Caret,
In 1813 Carey and the Serampore Brotherhood were still the
only English missionaries continuously at work in India, and not the
churches only, but Governor-Generals like Teign mouth and Wellesley,
and scholars like Colebrooke and H. H. Wilson, were familiar with
the grandeur and political innocency of their labours. Hence this
outburst of Wilberforce in the House of Commons on the i5th July
18 13, when he used the name of Carey to defeat an attempt of the
Company to prevent toleration by omitting the declaratory clauses of
the Resolution which would have made it imply that the privilege
should never be exerted though the power of licensing missionaries
was nominally conceded. The passage occurs in the Ldfe of IWilberforce
by his sons, Robert Isaac and Samuel :* — •* One great argument of his
opponents was grounded on the enthusiastic character which they
imputed to the missionary body. India hitherto had seen no
missionary who was a member of the English Church, and imputations
could be cast more readily on ' Anabaptists and fanatics.* These
attacks Mr. Wilberforce indignantly refuted, and well had the noble
conduct of the band at Serampore deserved this vindication. ' I <do
not know/ he often said, ' a finer instance of the moral sublime,
than that a poor cobbler working in his stall should conceive the
idea of converting the Hindoos to Christianity 5 yet such was Dr.
Carey. Why, Milton's planning his Paradise Lost in his old age and
blindness was nothing to it. And then when he had gone to Indiaj
and was appointed by Lord Wellesley to a lucrative and honourable
station in the college of Fort William, with equal nobleness of mind
he made over all his salary (between 0^1000 and sSi^oo per annum)
to the general objects of the mission. By the way, nothing ever gave
me a more lively sense of the low and mercenary standard of your
men of honour, than the manifest effect produced upon the House of
Commons by my stating this last circumstance. It seemed to be the
only thing which moved them.* Dr. Carey had been especially
attacked, and * a few days afterwards the member who had made this
charge came to me, and asked me in a manner which in a noted
duellist could not be mistaken, '' Pray, Mr. Wilberforce, do you know
a Mr. Andrew Fuller, who has written to desire me to retract the
statement which I made with reference to Dr. Carey ? " *' Yes,*' I
• Vol. iv., pp. 128, 124.

answered with a smile, "I know him perfectly, but depend upon it
you will make nothing of him in your way ; he is a respectable
Baptist minister at Kette;-ing." In due time there came from India
an authoritative contradiction of the slander. It was sent to me, and
for two whole years did I take it in my pocket to the House of
Commons to read it to the House whenever the author of the
accusation should be present ; but during that whole time he never
once dared show himself in the House.' '*

The slanderer was a Mr. Prendergast, who affirmed that Dr.
Carey's conduct had changed so much for the worse since the departure
of Lord Wellesley, that he himself had seen the missionary on a tub
in the streets of Calcutta haranguing the mob and abusing the
religion of the people in such a way that the police alone saved
him from being killed. — (p. 343.)

Monet Estimate of his Life.

The Indian journals rang with the praises of the missionary
'whose childlike humility and sincerity, patriotism and learning, had
long made India proud of him. After giving himself, "William
Carey had died so poor that his books had to be sold to provide
^187 : los. for one of his' sons. One writer asserted that this man
bad contributed " sixteen lakhs of rupees ** to the cause of Christ
while connected with the Serampore Mission, and the statement was
everywhere repeated. Dr. Marshman thereupon published the actual
facts, "as no one would have felt greater abhorrence of such an
attempt to impose on the Christian public than Dr. Carey himself,
had he been living." At a time when the old Sicca Rupee was
worth half a crown, Carey received, in the thirty-four and a half
years of his residence at Serampore, from the date of his appoint-
ment to the College of Fort William, 5^45,000.* Of this he spent
^7500 on his Botanic Garden in that period. If accuracy is of
any value in such a question^ which has little more than a curious
biographical interest, then we must add the seven years previous to

Sa. Its,
• *' From May 1801 to June 18G7, inclusive, as Teacher of Bengali and

Sanakrit, 74 months at 600 rupees monthly 37,000

From 1st July 1807, to Slat May 1830, as Professor of ditto, at 1000

rupees monthly ;..•. 276,000

From 23d Oct. to July 1830, inclusive, 800 rupees monthly, as Trans-
lator of GoYemment Regulations 24,600

From 1st July. 1830, to 31st May 1834, a pension of 600 rupees monthly 23,600

" Sicca Rupees 360,100"

i8oi, andwe shall find that the shoemaker of Hackleton received
in all for himself and his family sS6do from the Society which he
called into existence, and which sent him forth, while he spent on
the Christianisation and civilisation of India ^£^162^ received as a
manufacturer of indigo 3 and ^45,000 as Professor of Sanskrit,
Bengali, and Marathi, and Bengali Translator to Government, or
^^46,625 in all.— (p. 434.)

• '* It is possible," wrote Dr/ Marshman, '* that if,, instead of thus
living to God and his cause with his brethren at Serampore, Dr.
Carey had, like the other professors in the college, lived in Calcutta
wholly for himself and his family, he might have laid by for them a
lakh of rupees* in the thirty years he was employed by Government,
and bad he been very parsimonious, possibly a lakh and a half. But
who that contrasts the pleasures of such a life, with those Dr. Carey
enjoyed in promoting with his own funds every plan likely to plant
Christianity among the natives around him, without having to consult
any one in thus doing, but his two brethren of one heart with him,
who contributed as much as himself to the Redeemer's cause, and the
fruit of which he saw before his death, in Twenty-six Gospel
Churches planted in India within a surface of about eight hundred
miles, and above Forty labouring brethren raised up on the spot
amidst them, — would not prefer the latter ? What must have been
the feelings on a deathbed of a man who had lived .wholly to himself,
compared with the joyous tranquillity which filled Carey*s soul in the
prospect of entering into the joy of his Lord, and above all with
what he felt when, a few days before his decease, he said to his
companion in labour for thirty-four years : *I have no fears: I have
no doubts 5 I have not a wish left unsatisfied.* *' — (p. 435.)

His Influence as the Founder of Modern Missions.

As the Founder and Father of Modern Missions the character
and career of William Carey are being revealed every year in the
progress and, as yet, the purity of the expansion of the Church and
of the English-speaking races in the two-thirds of the world which
are still outside of Christendom. The ,^13 : 2 : 6 of Kettering
became 5^400,000 before he died, and is now 5^2,330,000 a year.
The one ordained English missionary is now a band of 3000 sent
out by a hundred agencies of the Reformed Churches. The solitary
converts, each with no influence on his people, or country, or
generation, are now about two-thirds of a million in India alone, and
in all the lands outside of Christendom two and a half millions, of
whom thirty thousand are missionaries to their own countrymen, and

*The Value of a lakh of rupees in English money then was about £12,000.

many are leaders of the native commanities. Since the first edition
of the Bengali New Testament appeared at the beginning of the
century 220 millions of copies of the Holy Scriptures have been
printed, of which one-half are in 340 of the non-English tongues of
the world. The Bengali school of Mudnabati, the Christian College
of Serampore, have set in motion educational forces that are bringing
nations to the birth, are passing under Bible instruction every day
more than four hundred thousand boys and girls, young men and
maidens of the dark races of mankind. — (p. 437.)

Father of the Second Reformation.

Carey, childlike in his humility, is the most striking illustration
iu all Hagiology, Protestant or Romanist, of the Lord's declaration
to the Twelve when He had set a little child in the midst of them,
•' Whosoever shall humble himself as this little child, the same is
greatest in the kingdom of heaven." Yet we, ninety-three years
after he went forth with the Gospel to Hindostan, may venture to
place him where the Church History of the fiiture is likely to keep
bim — amid the uncrowned kings of men who have made Christian
England what it is, under God, to its own people and to half the
human race. These are Chaucer, the Father of English Verse 5
"Wiclif, the Father of the Evangelical reformation in all lands ; Hooker,
the Father of English Prose 5 Shakspere, the Father of English
Literature 5 Milton, the Father of the English Epic 5 Bunyan, 'the
Father of English Allegory -, Newton, the Father of English Science j
Caret, the Father of the Second Reformation through Foreign
Missions. — (p. 439.)

His Last L::tter.

His latest message to Chris J:ndom was sent on the 30th
September [1834], most appropriately to Christopher Anderson :— "As
everything connected with thie full cccomplishment of the divine
promises depends on the almighty po^; er of God, pray that I and
all the ministers of the Word may take hold of His strength, and
go about our work as fully expecting the accomplishment of them
all, which, however difficult and improbable it may appear, is certain,
as all the promises of God are in Him, yea, and in Him, Amen.'*
Had he not, all his career, therefore expected and attempted great
things ? — (p. 428.)

His Death.

The last Sabbath had come — and the last full day. The constant
Marshman was with him. ** He was scarcely able to articulate, and
after a little conversation I knelt down by the side of his couch and

prayed with him. Finding my mind unexpectedly drawn out to
bless God for his goodness, in having preyerved him and blessed him
in India for above forty years, and made him such an instrument of
good to His Church ; and to entreat that on his being taken home, a
double portion of his spirit might rest on those who remained
behind; though unable to speak, he testified sufficiently by his
countenance how cordially he joined in this prayer. I then asked
Mrs. Carey whether she thought he could now see me. She said
yes, and to convince me, said, 'Mr. Marshman wishes to know
whether you now see him ? * He answered so loudly that 1 could
hear him, ' yes, I do,' and shook me most cordially by the hand. I
then left him, and my other duties did not permit me to reach him
again that day. The next morning, as I was returning home before
sunrise, I met our Brethren Mack and Leechman out on their
morning ride, when Mack told me that our beloved brother bad been
rather worse all the night, and that he had just left him very ill. I
immediately hastened home, through the college in which he has
lived these ten years, and when I reached his room, found that he
had just entered into the joy of his Lord — Mrs. Carey, his son Jabez,
my son John, and Mrs. Mack being present." — (p. 430.)

Vernacular Translators op the Bible.

.Tyndale had first given England the Bible from the Hebrew and
the Greek. And now one of these cobblers was prompted and
enabled by the Spirit who is the author of the truth in the Scriptures,
to give to South and Eastern Asia the sacred books which its Syrian
sons, from Moses and Ezra to Paul and John, had been inspired to
write for all races and all ages

When stripped of the extravagance of statement into which they
have grown in the course of a century in the missionary periodicals
and on the popular platforms of England, the facts are more
remarkable than the pious myth which has accreted round them.
From no mere humility, which in his case* was as manly and honest
as his whole nature and not a mockery, but with an accurate
judgment in the state of scholarship and criticism at the end of last
century, Carey always insisted that he was a forerunner, breaking up
the way for successors like Yates and Wenger, who, in their turn,
must be superseded by purely native Tyndales and Luthers in the
Church of India. He never justified, he more than once deprecated
the talk of his having translated the Bible into forty languages and

dialects. * As we proceed that will be apparent which he did with
his own band, that whicb bis colleagues accomplished, that which he
revised and edited both of their work and of the pundits^ and that
which he corrected and printed for others at his own Serampore

• THIRTY-SIX TRANSLATIONS OF THE BIBLE,
Madb and Edited bt Db. Cabet at Sebahfobb.

First
Published in

1801. Bengali— New Testament ; Old Testament in 1802-9.

1811. Ooriya „ „ in 1819.

1824. Maghadi „ only.

1815-19. Apsamese „ „ in 1832.

1824. Ehara.

1814-24. Manipoori

1808. SANSKRIT „ „ in 1811-22.

1809-11. Hindi „ „ in 1818-18.

1822-32. Bmj-bbasa „ only.

1815-22. Kanouji „ „

1820. Kosali— Gospel of Matthew only.

1822. Oodeypoori— New Testament only.
1815. Jeypoo ri „

1821. BhngeU „

1821. Marwari „

1823. Bikaneri „

1824. Bbatti „

1822. Haraoti „

1823. Oojeini „
1832. Falpa „
1826. Kamaoni „
1832. GurwbaH „

1821. Nepalese „

1824. Bnttaneri „

1811. Mabathi— New Testament ; Old Testament in 1820.

1820. Qoojarati „ only.

1819. Konkani ,, Pentatench in 1821.

1815. Panjabi ,, „ and Historical Books in 1822.

1819. Mooltani ,,

1825. Sindbi— Gospel of Matthew only.

1820. Kashmeeri— New Testament ; and Old Test, to 2d Book of Kings,
1820-26. Dogri „ only.

1819. PUBHTOO.

1815h Balooohi.

1818. Telugoo „ and Pentatench in 1820.

1822. Kanabbsb „ only.

&z Editsd and Printed only bt Cabet.
Persian. Burmese— Matthew's Gospel.

Hindostani. Singhalese.

Malayalam. Chinese (Dr. Marshman's).

press under the care of Ward*. It is to these four lines of work,
which centred in him, as most of them originally proceeded from bis
conception and advocacy, that the assertion as to the forty translations
is strictlf applicable. The Bengali, Hindi, Marathi, and Sanskrit
translations were his own. The Chinese was similarly the work of
Marsbman. The Hindi versions, in their many dialects, and the
Ooriya, were blocked out by his colleagues and the pundits. He saw
through the press the Hindostani, Persian, Malay, Tamil, and other
versions of the whole or portions of the Scriptures. He ceased not,
night or day, if by any means, with a loving catholicity, the Word of
God might be given to the millions. His home correspondent in
this and purely scholarly subjects was Dr. Ryland, an accomplished
Hebraist and Biblical critic for that day at the head of the Bristol
College. Carey's letters, »>'.cntifully sprinkled with Hebrew and
Greek, show the jealousy witL which he sought to convey the divine
message accurately, and the unwearied sense of responsibility under
which he worked. — (p. 237.)

The Bible in Bengali.

It was on the 7th February 1801 that the last sheet with the final
corrections was put into Carey's hands. When a volume had been
bound it was reverently oflFered to God by being placed on the
communion table of the chapel, and the mission families and new-
made converts gathered around it with solemn thanksgiving to God.
As Tyndale's version [*] had broken the yoke of the papacy in
England, Carey thus struck the first deadly blow at Brahmanism
in its stronghold.

When the first copies reached England, Andrew Fuller sent one
to the second Earl Spencer, the peer who had used the wealth of

[♦ " The family of our Translator is to be traced to an ancient Barony, by
tennre, which, however, in his name, became extinct bo early as the beginning*
of the thirteenth century. From the second son of Adam, the last Baron de
Tyndale and Langeley, in Northumberland, or Robert Tyndale, who removed
southward in the reign of Edward I., who settled at Tansover, or Tansor,' near
Oundle in Northamptonshire, and was living in 1288, there gradually sprung
different families ; so that, by the begfinning of the sixteenth century, respect-
able proprietors of the name of Tyndale were living at Tansover and Deane,
in Northamptonshire ; at Hockwold, in Norfolk ; at Pull Court, in Worcester-
shire ; and at Stinchcombe and North Nibley, in the County of Gloucester ;
as there were soon afterwards at Eastwood in the same county ; at Bathford
and Bristol in Somers et ; at Mapplestead in Essex, and, still later, at Bobbing
Court in Kent. All these families claim descent from Robert of Tansover, and
even that of our William Tyndale has been supposed, by no inferior genealogist
to haye sprung from him "I^Anderaon* a Annals of the English Bible, vol. i., p. 18.

Sarab^ Duchess of Marlborough, to collect the great library at Altborp.
Carey had been a poor tenant of his^ though the Earl knew it not.
When the Bengali New Testament reached him, with its story, he
sent a cheque for 0^50 to help to translate the Old Testament, and
he took care that a copy should be presented to Greorge III., as by
his own request. Christopher Anderson tells the tale of the presen-
tation. * Mr. Bowyer was received one morning at Windsor, and
along with the volume presented an address expressing the desire that
His Majesty might live to see its principles universally prevail
throughout his Eastern dominions. On this the lord in waiting
whispered a doubt whether the book had come through the proper
channel. At once the king replied that the Board of Control had
nothing to do with it, and turning to Mr. Bowyer said, "I am
greatly pleased to find that any of my subjects are employed in this
manner.** — (p. 254.)

Latest Justification op Caret's Pioneer Work.

" Two new versions (of the Bible) are in progress, the ' Tulu, a
language spoken by half a million of people inhabiting the central
part of South Canara, and the Konkani, a dialect of Marathi, spoken
by upwards of 100,000 people on the western coast.' In both these
languages some efforts were made long ago — in the case of the
Konkani, by Dr. Carey ; but time and better tools have imposed the
duty of advancing upon the achievements of the past, not so much^
displacing and superseding as building upon them. In proceeding
with this work the Konkani Grammar and Dictionary, compiled
during the past few years by the Jesuit -missionaries at Mangalore
will be of considerable use."

The Madras Auxiliary Bible Society in 1884 published an edition
of the Gospel of John, ''taken from Carey's version, printed in 1818
in the Devanagari character, but somewhat altered, so as to be better
understood by all classes." .... In the Great Exhibition held
at Calcutta in 1883, Carey's Translations, lent by the College Library
at Serampore, were exhibited side by side with the revised versions, to
which they gave birth in most instances. No Scriptures were sold in
the Exhibition, but 28,675 copies of the Gospels f and other sacred
books were presented to native visitors. — (p. 451.)

* Annals of the English Bible, vol. n.

[t Bengali, St. Mark's Gospel 25,000 Hindi New Testament . . 25

Hindi „ „ „ 1,000 « Tamil and Teliigu Scripture Portions 500

Urdu Scripture Portions from Lahore 1,700

Total .... 28,675]

XLIUUI „ „

Urdu „ „

Gujarati „

» »>

200

Manithi „ ,

200

Extracts from The History op thb Origin and First Ten
Years of the British and Foreign Bible Society.*

Commencement of the Translation of the Scriptures into
the Native Languages.
1804. The Baptist Missionaries at Serampore had made a hopeful
beginning in the translation of the Scriptures into the native languages
of the East: it was considered as likelj to conduce both to the
progress and the improvement of the work of translation^ if the
vernacular knowledge and zealous assiduity of these humble^ and at
that time, unaccredited laborers, could be associated with the sound
erudition and the personal influence of certain Members of the
Established Churchy on whose piety and zeal for the promotion of
Christianity dependance might oxifidently be placed. With these
views it was determined, " That the following gentlemen be requested
to form themselves into a Committee of Correspondence with this
Society, viz, : George Udney, Esq., Member of Council ; the Rev.
Messrs. Brown, Buchanan, Carey, Ward, and Marshman ; and that
they be desired to associate with themselves such other gentlemen in
any part of India as they may think proper.*' This resolution the
author transmitted officially to Calcutta, by the earliest conveyance.
It was passed on the 23d of July, 1804 -, and though its operation in
India was slow^ and interrupted by many vicissitudes of discourage-
ment and delay, it proved the germ of those Institutions at Calcutta,
Bombay, Colombo, Batavia, &c. which are now engaged, with so
much energy and concord, in promoting the dispersion of the
Scriptures in their respective dialects among both the Christian and
the Heathen population of the East. — (p. gg.)

Coincident with the receipt of ... . cominunications from
Germany, was that of the first regular information relative to the
design entertained by the Baptist Missionaries at Serampore, to
engage in an extensive system of oriental translations. The state-
ment was conveyed in an extract of a letter from the Rev. Mr. (now
Dr.) Carey at Calcutta, to the Secretary of the mission, the late Rev.
Andrew Fuller^ and it represented the Missionaries as already
employed on four languages^ and as possessing considerable advantages,
should they be adequately supported, for translating the Bible into all
the languages of the East. As the letter of Dr. Carey was dated
antecedently to the formation of the British and Foreign Bible
Society^ and steps had been taken by the latter to establish at Calcutta
a Corresponding Committee for the accomplishment of a similar
« By the Rev. John Owen, A.M. London, 1816.

de^igti^ itk which CotomHtee tbe three principal Baptist Missionaries
were expressly included 5 it did not appear expedient that any further
measures should at that time be adopted. — (p. 154.)

Carjlt first Proposes thb Oriental Tranlations to the
BRITISH' ANB Foreign Bible Society.

1806. While. . . measures were going forward, itirefetence to the
continent of Eufope, ... the attention of the Society was forcibly
solicited to the case of Mahomedans and Heathens, whose spiritual
instraction, . . . had begun to awaken, in the breasts of a few, the
emotions of sympathy and anxious consideration.

This feeling naturally turned, in the first instance, towards the
numerous inhabitants of India and the East, who answered to that
description 5 and it will be proper to see what was done, or meditated,
in reference to their spiritual welfare. Dr. Carey had introduced to
the Society the scheme of Oriental Translations, so nobly projected
by the Baptist Missionaries at Serampore. Dr. Buchanan's Memoir
on "the Expediency of an Ecclesiastical Establishment for British
India,'* had furnished the additional^ and very important information,
that, •* under the auspices of the College of Fort William, the
Scriptures were in a course of translation into almost all the languages
of Oriental India.'* And both authorities agreed in stating, that
assistance from Europe was indispensably necessary, in order to the
accomplishment of these plans.

On these general grounds, it was determined to appropriate 1,000/.
to an object, in all respects so deserving of encouragement and aid ;
and a grant to that amount was accordingly made, to be placed at the
disposal of the Corresponding Committee at Calcutta. It is true,
that Committee, though formally proposed, had not actually been
organized, at the time when the donation was voted. From many
obstacles, some of which will be hereafter explained, the parties who
were to constitute it, did not, and could not, come together for a con-
siderable period after the proposition for associating them bad been
made. The presumption, however, of its existence had its use. It
formed and preserved a rallying point for the zeal which was directed
to the circulation of the Scriptures in India ; gave an air of unity and
order to the designs of the Society in that quarter ; and kept alive the
sentiment of cofttord among different Christians in this work of
common interest, till circumstances afforded a favorable opportunity
for bringing the parties into actual communication, and incorporating"
them at length in a system of harmonious^ compact^ and efficient
co-operation.

The feeling thus kindled on behalf of the natives of India, was
not a little cherished by a communication received from Dr. Buchanan
in August, 1806. This consisted of "Proposals for translating the
Scriptures into the Oriental languages" from the Missionaries at
Serampore ; and a letter from himself, recommending, that a sermon
should be preached before the Society " on the subject of Oriental
Translations:*' and requesting, ''that the Reverend Preacher would
do him the honor to accept the sum of 50/. on delivery of a printed
copy of the sermon to his agents in London, for the College of Fort
William in Bengal.'*

In the proposals for translations, the Serampore Missionaries thus
express themselves : " The design of translating the Scriptures into the
Oriental languages, has received from home the highest sanction. A
resolution to that effect has been transmitted to us by the Secretary of a
Society lately instituted, entitled the British and Foreign Bible Society."

Then follows an account of the Society, and a copy of the
resolution, proposing the formation of a Corresponding Committee in
Bengal : after which the advertisers thus proceed :

" Our hope of success in this great undertaking depends chiefly
on the patronage of the College of Fort William. To that Institution
we are much indebted for the progress we have already made.
Oriental translation has become comparatively easy, in consequence
of our having the aid of those learned men from distant provinces of
Asia, who have assembled, during the period of the last six years, at
that great emporium of Fastern Letters. These intelligent strangers
voluntarily engage with us in translating the Scriptures into their
respective languages ; and they do not conceal their admiration of the
sublime doctrine, pure precept, and divine eloquence, of the word of
God. The plan of these translations was sanctioned, at an early
period, by the Most Noble the Marquis Wellesley, that great Patron of
useful learning. To give the Christian Scriptures to the inhabitants
of Asia, is indeed a work which every man who believes these
Scriptures to be from God, will approve. In Hindoostan alone, there
is a great variety of religions ; and there are some tribes which have
no certain cast or religion at all

The statements contained in this printed document were considered
of importance, not only as they publicly developed a plan for Oriental
translations ; but also because they recognized the fact of deriving aid
and patronage from the College of Fort William, and announced the
formation and the friendship of the British and Foreign Bible Society,
as furnishing material encouragement to the proposed undertaking,
(p. 275.)

The First Printer's Bill for the Translations.
We present our readers with the first printer's bill for the
translations^ omitting only the columns of sicca rupees, which are
given in pounds sterling.*

1801.

1802.
1808.

1806.

1807.

1799.
1800.
1801.
1802.
1808.
1804.
1806.
1806.

1807.

TRANSLATIONS OF THE HOLY SCRIPTURES.

To 2000 BengaU Testaments, 1st edition, on Patoa paper, 8to,

900page8

,f 600 Matthew's Gk>spel in Bengali, do., 118 pages .

„ 1000 Pentateuohs, do., 732 pages ....

„ An edition of 900 of Job, Psalms, Prorerbs, Eoclesiastes,

and Solomon's Song, do., 400 paores
„ 900 of the Psalms alone, do., 220 pages
„ 466 Matthew's Gospel in Mahratta, Nagri Type (qiiarto),

108 pages

„ Bengali pundit's wages for seven yean, down to December

1806

„ The Hindostani, Persian, Ooriya, and Mahratta, pcndit's

wages from March 1803 to April 1806
„ Eight months' wages for pundits in the different languages,

including the Chinese, from May to December 1806
„ 1600 Bengali Testaments, 2d edition, on Bengali paper,

8yo, 900 pages ......

„ 10,000 Luke, Acts, and Romans, do., 264 pages, at 12 as.
„ Seven months' wages for pundits in the different languages^

including the Chinese, from January to July
„ An edition of the Prophetic books^ 8vo, 660 pages, 1000

copies .......

CONTRA.
By Cash received from the Edinburgh Missionary Society
„ Do. collected from 1798 to 1799

Do. 1799 to 1800

„ Do. 1800 to 1801

„ Do. 1801 to 1802

,, Do. 1802 to 1803

„ Do. 1803 to 1804

Do. 1804 to 1806

Received from England by way of America, in books, etc.
In Amount received from America in September 1806
„ Do. in October. .....

„ Messrs. Alexander and Co. from the fund raised in India

„ Do. for eeven months, from January to July

„ 2898 dollars from America ....

Amount received
Expended

Balance In hand .

Dr.

£1260

81 6

876

260 b
42 8

68 2

210

262 12

462 19

662 10
. 987 10

486 13

812 10

£6180 6

Or,

£260
200

1142 17
20 10

1157 6
17 12
23 1

1298 9 10

867 6
617 7
687 10
487 10
617 6

6
6

£6726 16 1
6180 6 8

£1646 8 10

* Dr. George Smith's Life of Dr. Carey, 1886, p. 246.

Extract Jrom Thb Eighty-First Rsport of the British ahd
Foreign Bible Society, 1885.

HISTOBICAL TABLE OF LANGUAGES AND DIALECTS

in WHICH THS

TRANSLATION, PRINTING, OR DISTRIBUTION OF THE SCRIPTURES

HAS BSBir

S00tteO is tJit Sbtx&mpoxt fHififiion.

. VanioM.

What Printed.

Where oironlsted,
or for whom dettigned.

PBBSIA, fto.

I^ashtu or Afghani . . .

Hist. Books & N. T.

Afghanistan.

INDIA.

Bfluehi ......

Three Gospels . .

Beluchistan.

Sanskrit ......

The entire Bible . .

The learned language of the
Brahmins.

MinduatanioT Urdu (Yates'

Ditto ....

For the Mohammedans of In-

yeraion)

dia and others ; the language
in aU the larger towns.

BVJKQAL PEESIDBNCfT, Ac.

Bengali

The entire Bible . .

Province of Bengal.

Maghudha

St. Matthew . . .

Province of S. Behar, now part
of the province of Bengal.

JTriya or Orista ....

The entire Bible . .

Province of Orissa, the g^reater
. part attached to Ben^.

mndi in the Nagari and

The entire Bible . .

For Hindustan, or the upper
provinces of the Bengal Pre-

Kaithi characters . .

Dialects of the Hindi.

sidency.

New Testament . .

A district between the pro-
vince of Bundelcund, and the
sources of the Nerbudda River

Bny or Brij'bhaaa . . .

Ditto. , . .

Province of Agra.

Can<^ or Canyaeubja . .

Ditto. . . .

In the Doab of the Ganges
and Jumna.

JCousulu or Koshala . .

St. Matthew . . .

Western part of Onde.

Central Indian Dialects.

Harroti

New Tefftament . .

A province W. of Bundelcund.

Ocjein or Ot^uy^mi . . .

Ditto. . . .

Province of Malwah.

St. Matthew . . .

Prov. of Mewar, or Oodejrpoor.

Marwari

New Testament . .

Province of Joipoor, or Mar-
war, North of Mewar.

Juyapowa. .....

. St. Matthew . . .

Province of Joipoor, E. of
Marwar, and W. of Agra.

BihM$era ......

New Testament . .

Prov. of Bikaneer, N.of Marwar

Buttaneery or Virat . .

Ditto. . . .

Prov.of Buttaneer, W. of Delhi.

•Mooltan. .-..».

New Testament . .

Dist. of Mooltan, on Indus.

fSindhi

Gospel of Matthew ,

In Lower Indus Valley.

• See 12th Eteport of the British and Foreign Bible Society, p>224.
f See Annual Report of the Baptist Missionary Society, 1847, p. 20.

Venions.

What Printed.

Where circulated,

Fanjabi or Sikh ....
JDogH^ or Jumboo (Moun-
tain Panjabi) . . .

Kashmiri

Gorka Dialects.

The entire Bible . .
New Testament . .

Pent., Hist. Books,
and New Test. .

Province of the Panjab.
Mountainous, *or Northern dis-
tricts of Lahore.
Cashmere.

JTepaleae

Fa^

Eumaon .......

Ourwali

MADRAS PRESIDENCY.
Telinga or Telugu . . .

New Testament . .
Ditto. . . .

Ditto. . . .
Ditto. . . .

Pent, and New Test.

Kingdom of Nepal.

Small States N. of Oude, below

the Himalayas.
Prov. of Kumaon, "W. of Palpa.
Province of Gurwal, "West of

Kumaon.

Northern Circars, Ouddapah,
Nellore, and greater part of
Hyderabad, or Telingana.

Canarese

New Testament . .

Throughout the Mysore, also in
the prov. of Ganara, and as
far north as the KistnaRiver

Malayalam

The entire Bible . .

Travancore and Malabar.

BOMBAY PRESIDENCY.
Konkani •

Marathi

Gujarati

Katehi

Pent, and New Test.

The entire Bible . .

New Testament . .
St. Matthew . . .

The Concan, chiefly the S. part,
among the common people.

Bombay Presidency, for edu-
cated natives.

Surat, and province of Gujarat.

Prov. of Cut»oh, between the
Gulf of Cutch and the Indus.

CEYLON.
Sinhalese

The entire Bible . .

S. part of Ceylon, fromBatticola
on the E. to the River Ohilaw
on the W., andinthe interior.

INDO-CHINESE COUNTRIES.

Assamese

Manipura

Khasi (parts of Old Test.

trans.)

Burmese

The entire Bible . .
New Testament . .

Pent. & New Test. .
Genesis and Exodus

Assam, subject to Beng.Presid.
Manipur, or South of Assam.

Khasiah Hills.

Burmese Empire & Arracan.

CHINA AND JAPAN.
Chinese (Morrison's ver-
sion) \

The entire Bible . .

China Proper, and numerous
Chinese in the Indian Archi-
pelago.

In the Library op Lord Spencer at Althorp
Is a copy of The Old and New Testament in Chinese, printed at
Serampore with metallic moveable characters. 1817-22. In Chinese
boards, covered with blue silk. 4to. size. Chinese paper.

Pabt I. — The Pentateuch - • .1817.

n.— The Hagiographa
,, ni.— The Prophetic Books
„ rV.— The Historical Books
9%

v.— The New Testament

1818.

1819.

1821.

1816-22.

Extracts from The Lipb of the Rev. John Wenger, D.D.,
Missionary in India.*

Dr. Caret and the Bengali Version of the Scriptures.
To quote the words of the Rev. J. E. Payne, a friend of more
than twenty years' standing, in a letter dated September 6th, 1880 :
"There are three names that will ever be associated with the Bengali
version of the sacred Scriptures : — Carey's simple and concise Bengali
Bible, published in 18.3 a; Yates's idiomatic and flowing Bengali
Bible, published in 1845; ^nd Dr. Wenger's literal and accurate
Bengali Bible, published in 1874, will be remembered in Bengal
as long as the Bengali language shall last." — (p. vii.)

Dr. Carey died in 1834, having completed his last edition of the
Bengali Bible in 1832. Of this, the final outcome, as it was the
first task, of his devoted missionary life. Dr. Marshman wrote : " It
is the fruit of thirty-nine years' unremitted study of the language."
Dr. Wenger says : " On the whole. Dr. Carey's version must be
pronounced remarkably faithful 3 and common gratitude requires the
acknowledgment, that it has been of unspeakable value as a means
of communicating that knowledge which makes men wise unto
salvation. History will probably decide that the two greatest, if not
the best, of Dr. Carey's translations, in point of style and excellence,
were the versions in Bengali and Sanscrit." Still there was room
for improvement with regard to an accurate expression of the originals
with idiomatic force, and in general adaptation to the growth in
literary quality of the Bengali tongue. In this last particular there will,
no doubt, be room for years to come for beneficial changes, as the
language comes more andmoreunder the influence of educated Bengalis,
and finds improved forms of expression through literary use. — (p. 113.)

Laborious Work of a Translator.

It may be interesting to give Mr. Wenger'^ description of the
method adopted, and of the exceeding care practised by these two
eminent men [Dr. Wenger and Dr. Yates], in order to secure as
accurate a translation of God's Word as their united learning could
achieve.

"The selection of the references devolves on me exclusively.
The share I take in the other parts of this work is the following.
When a page, or rather a long slip amounting to about a page, has
been set up, I read it with a view to ensure a correct pointing and
orthography. This done. Dr. Yates compares it with the Hebrew,
and makes the necessary alterations accordingly. Then it is corrected
at the press, after which it returns to me. I compare it with the

* By Dr. Underbill, Hon. Sec. of the Baptist lifissionary Society. I^ondvn, 1886.

Hebrew, and write my observations on the margin. In these I
propose emendations, and state the reasons which lead me to propose
them. Then I write the references at the bottom, after which the
proof goes to Dr. Yates. He reads it, weighing my suggestions,
and either adopts or rejects them. Then the proof is corrected, and
returns to me in the shape of a page regularly set up, with the
references, &c., below. This page I compare either with Dr. Carey's
version, or else with De Wette*s German translation — the best in the
world, as far as I know, except the passages which refer to the
Atonement and the Divinity of Christ. The margins of such a page
are again bestudded with suggestions. Dr. Yates next reads four
pages (a form), again considering my previous remarks. In this
proof he corrects chiefly the style. When he has seen it, it returns
to me for correction. Another proof of four pages is usually the last
Dr. Yates sees. I read that also, and a subsequent one. The proof
then goes to press. This is tedious work, but by no means
uninteresting. Occasionally Dr. Yates and I meet personally to
discuss some particularly difficult passage.

*' Although our progress in this way is but slow, yet we hope it is
sure. That it will be the final or standard version I do not expect,
for the language is still in a transition state, and is an awkward
medium of expressing true and Christian ideas in religion. When
Dr. Carey came, he found the language scarcely so far advanced as the'
Greek was in the time of Homer. All the literature was of a
poetical nature, and poetry not like Homer's as to the ideas and the
colouring, but like the poorer parts of the Odyssey as to versification.
Dr. Carey was the first Bengali prose-writer of any note. Since then
the language has made rapid strides ; but when it has become
thoroughly Christianised it will be something very different." — (p. ii8.)

Dr. Wenoer on the Translations of Dr. Carey.

Dr. Wenger thus referred to one of his great predecessors in the
work of translating the Scriptures : ''I feel bound,*' he says, "to state
that it passes my comprehension how Dr. Carey was able to accom-
plish one-fourth of his translations. They were pre-eminently useful in
their day, which lasted down to a recent period. I may mention one
example. About twenty years ago, when some friends wished to
introduce the Gospel among the Afghans near the Peshawur frontier,
they found that the only version intelligible to those people was the
Pushtoo version of the New Testament made at Serampore by Dr.
Carey. It was indeed capable of very great improvement, but proved
of very great value during the interval that elapsed before a better one
could be prepared and printed." — (p. 250.)

lOO

Extracts from Letter from Mr. Caret, dated 13th August 179J.*
Dear Brethren.

The utmost harmony and affection prevails between me and
my colleague. I trust we have not been altogether idle, though I
know not as yet of any success that has attended our labours.
Moonshee and Mohun Chund are now with me j but I do not see that
disinterested zeal, which is so ornamental to a Christian, in either of
them J yet they have good knowledge* of the things of God, con-
sidering their disadvantages. With their help, we have divine
worship twice on the Lord's day, in Bengalee, which is thus conducted :
First, Moonshee reads a chapter in Bengalee 3 then we sing) I pray
and preach to them in that language ; but, partly from local circum-
stances, and partly from poverty of words, my preaching is very
different from what it was in England. The guilt and depravity of
mankind, the redemption by Christ, with the freeness of God's
mercy, are the themes I most insist upon. I often exhort them in
the words of the apostle, a Cor. vi. 17. which I thus express in their
language :

r Baheezee disho ebung allada ho, ebung opobectur
C Forth come and separate be, and unclean

f bosto sporsp herea na : ebung ammi kobool horibo
C thing touch not: and I accept will

C tomardigkeej ebung tomra hobee ommar pootregon
C you; and you shall be my sons

C ebung kuneeagon ai motto boolen sherbbo Shockto
C and daughters thus says the Almighty

iBhogabon.
God.

« « « « «

One great difficulty in speaking to these people, arises from the
extreme ignorance of the lower orders, who are not able to under-
stand one of their own countrymen, who speaks the language well,
without considerable difficulty. They have a confused dialect,
composed of very few words ; which they work about, and make
them mean almost every thing ; and their poverty of words to express
religious ideas is amazing, all their conversation being about things
earthly! It is far otherwise, however, with those who speak the
language well. The language in itself is extremely rich and copious ;
and printing the Bible in it must make it more known to the common
people. . , . . I am, dear Brethren, &c.

W. Carey.

« The Missionary Magazine for 1796. Edinburgh^ 1796.

lOl

Education of the Girls and Women of Bengal.
"What Hannah Marshman, and for a time Charlotte Emilia Carey,
had done for the education of the girls and women of Bengal may be
imagined from this paragraph in the Brief Memoir* of the Brotherhood.

" The education of females, till within these few years, had never
been attempted j and not a few were disposed to regard the
experiment as one which must prove altogether vain. This, however,
like various other prognostications respecting India, was a great
mistake. In Serampore and its vicinity there are at present
fourteen schools composed entirely of Hindoo females, among which
are the Liverpool and Chatham, the Edinburgh and Glasgow, the
Sterling and Dunfermline schools, etc. Besides these, one is taught
at Benares, another at Allahabad, a third in Beerbhoom, three at
Chittagong, and seven at Dacca 3 in the whole twenty-seven schools,
with 554 pupils on the lists. One of these in the vicinity of Seram-
pore may be regarded as an unprecedented thing 5 an adult female
school, in which the women who have entered have shown themselves
quite desirous to receive instruction. The daughters of Mohammedans,
as well as Hindoos, indeed, receive instruction with evident delight:
and into these schools, whether for boys or girls, the sacred Scriptures
are freely admitted.**

Estimate of Carey's Genius and Influence.
Dr. F. A. Cox t remarks : — " Had he been born in the sixteenth
century he might have been a Luther, to give Protestantism to
Europe 3 had he turned his thought and observations merely to
natural philosophy he might have been a Newton 3 but his faculties,
consecrated by religion to a still higher end, have gained for him the
sublime distinction of having been the Translator of the Scriptures
and the Benefactor of Asia."

Robert Hall J spoke thus of Carey in his lifetime:— ^" That
extraordinary man who from the lowest obscurity and poverty,
without assistance rose by dint of unrelenting industry to the highest
honours of literature, became one of the first of Orientalists, the
first of Missionaries, and the instrument of diffusing more religious
knowledge among his contemporaries than has fallen to the lot of any
individual since the Reformation ; a man who unites with the most
profound and varied attainments the fervour of an evangelist, the
piety of a saint, and the simplicity of a child.**

♦ Brief Memoir Relative to the Operations of the Serampore Missionaries,

Bengtd. Londoriy 1827.

t History of the Baptist Mistionary Society ^ from 1792 to 1842. London^ 1842.

I Sermon on the death of the Rev. Dr. Ryland in 1825.

102

Through the kindness of the Committee of the Baptist Missionary
Society, we are able to give a fac-simile of Dr. Carey's show-
board. The block has been produced since our previous quotation
was printed at p. a8.

The Showboard of Dr. Carey.
By the Boy. Edward Dakm.*

There is preserved in the Library of Regent's Park College, a
most interesting memento of the patriarch of Indian Missions : " the
man who rose from a shoemaker's stool to a translator's desk," and
who became one of the greatest missionaries the world has seen.
The relic is a piece of the show-board of Dr. Wm. Carey, the lettering
of which was written by the doctor himself, and was used in his little
shop at Hackleton, Northamptonshire.

As it is hardly possible for all readers of the Missionary Herald
to visit this missionary memento, it may be interesting to bring a
woodcut of the original under their notice.

Seconi^^nd

The letters, good block ones, were written in black on a white
ground -, all that remains now are : " Second hand shoes bought,"
and fragments of " and." Particulars written on vellum are now
fixed to the board, which state that " the board was preserved by
Wm. Manning, Mr. Carey's shop-mate, till his death, out ot respect
for Dr. Carey. It was procured from his widow by Joseph Ivimey,
of London, August 32, 1815."

The doctor was accustomed to hang this little notice-board on the
wall, just by the door of that little shop which the Rev. Thomas
Scott designated Dr. Carey's College.

* The Baptist Missionary Herald, AprU, 1885.

tn^ LiPB OP Dr. Caret.

Copies of The Life of IPilliam Carey^ D.D. Shoemaker and
Missionary, by George Smith, LL.D. C.I.£., having been presented
through the British Minister at Copenhagen, (the Honourable
Edmund Monson, C.B.,) to the King of Denmark ; to Dr. Allok^
and to the Rev. C. H. Spurgeon. The following replies have beea
received : —

From the King of Denmark.

JBritish Legation Copenhagen, December 3. 1885.
Sir, Immediately upon the receipt of your letter of the 14^. ultimo
and of the book of which you are the Author, I addressed a Note
to the Lord Chamberlain of The King of Denmark, stating your
desire to present to His Majesty the work in question, which I
forwarded to His Excellency simultaneously with my Note.

I yesterday received from His Excellency a reply, of which I
enclose a copy, and which I have no doubt you will find entirely

^^^^^'^^^U- I am, Sir.

Your most obedient humble servant.

The Rev- D'. Smith. L.L.D. ^"""*"' Monson.

Serampore House Napier Road Edinburgh.

Copenhagen, Dec. 2. 1885.
Excellency ! Having received your letter of 1 8^** ulto., & the adjoined
copy of D', George Smith's ** Life of William Carey" I have had
the honour to transmit the volume to H. M. The King. H. M. highly
pleased by the author's noble expressions of the good His pre-
possessors of the throne and the Gov^ of Denmark tried to do for
their Indian subjects, graciously charged me to request Y. E. to
communicate to D'. George Smith H. M's thanks & appreciation for
the offering of his learned and very interesting work.

In fulfilling H. M's gracious charge;, I have, &c.

(Signed) Lowenskiold.
H. E. Hon"'. Edmund Monson C.B.

From the Rev, Henry A lion, D,D.
I have read your life of Carey with intense interest. I was so
moved by it that I mentioned it from the pulpit on two or three
different occasions. Surely the apostle Paul himself did not surpasA
the simplicity and entireness of Carey's consecration.

I am, faithfully yours.
Dr. George Smith. Henry Allok.

104

The Rbv. C. H. Spurobon^ Pastor of the Metropolitan Tabernacle,
sent the following characteristic reply from Mentone : —

MentoD. Jan. 27. 86.
Dear Sir,

I fear 70U must have thought me rude or ungrateful m
teference to your " Life of W" Carey,** which you so kindly sent me.
Hie fact is — ^the book arrived just as I was taken ill, & then I came
here, & have remained here.

In examining books I have come to Carey, & have nearly read it
through. I can therefore speak with knowledge. It is a delightful
book, & it has been a pleasure & a refreshment to me to study it.
You have raised the hero higher in my esteem than ever, & made me
envy the man who was thus perfectly consecrated & bravely trustful.
Eustace Carey buried his uncle under a mass of unsifted ashes : you
have dug him out, & raised him from the dead.

I feel greatly indebted to you for a treat given to a mending man,
who is now bound to limp back to the battle, & feels all the fitter for
the fray because of the banquet you have set before him.

It cheered me greatly to read y' kind word as to my sermons.
I am honoured greatly in having such a reader.

Biographies of late years have added a new horror to death : you
have, in this case, made one less fearful of ending his career.

Yours very heartily

C. H. Spurgeon.

MS. OF Dr. Carey on the Psalter.

In the Library of the late Rev. T. Toller, of Kettering, was a
Manuscript (now in the Taylor Collection) of nine small octavo pages,
evidently in the exquisitely small and legible handwriting of Dr.
Carey, on the Psalter. The Lecture or short Treatise discusses
the literary character a*nd authorship of the Psalms in the style
of Michaelis and Bishop Lowth, whose writings are referred to.
The Hebrew words used are written even more beautifully than the
English. If this little treatise was written before Carey went to India,
and the caligraphy seems to point to that, the author shows a very
early familiarity with the. works of one who was in some respects his
predecessor as an Orientalist, Sir William Jones. The closing para-
graph has this sentence :—* A Frequent perusal of the book of Psalms
is recommended to all. We should permit few days to pass without
reading in Hebrew one of these sacred poems j the more they are
read and studied the more will they delight, edify & instruct.' "

The Baptism of Dr. Carey in the River Nen.
By the exteusion of the London and North Western railway near
the site of the old Northampton castle, all traces of the spot where
this interesting ceremony took place are swept away, the river having
been diverted to the other side. We therefore give a few notes bearing
upon the subject.

George Baker, in his History of Northamptonshire, 1822, vol. i,
p. 210, writing of Dr. Carey says: —

** In the year 1783, when his religious principles had been decidedly formed,
he joined the diusenters of the Baptist denomination, and was
publicly baptized in the river Nen near Scarlet well by Dr. Ryland.*'

In the General Baptist Home Missionary Register, 1 829, p. 245,
is an interesting account of baptisms in connection with the General
Baptists who had recently commenced a cause in Northampton : —
** Three persons were baptized at Northampton, June 28th, by our venerable
brother Sexton ; and, with eight others, were formed into a Church of
Christ. It should have been added, that four othiBr persons were also
baptized who did not join our friends, but continued to worship at the
place which they had been accustomed to attend. The day was very
unfavourable, the rain falling heavily. The spectators, who were
numerous, conducted themselves very peaceably. On Lord's-day, Sep.
13, three more persons were baptized. The morning -was very favour-
able. It was calculated that as many as three thout^and persons were
present. The place of baptism was the river below the castle-hill,
which has long been used for this sacred purpose. The venerable
Ityland, and his predecessors, baptized here. It may be mentioned to
the honour of the amiable Doddridge, that he always permitted the
vestry of his Meeting-house, which is on the hill, just above the castle,

to be used by the candidates in exchanging their apparel

The sight was imposing. Crowds thronged the neighbouring banks ;
and the hill surrounding the ruins of the old castle was crowned with
spectators."

In the series of works " Men Worth Remembering,'* in the
volume William Carey, 1881, p. 16, Dr. Culross writes : —

" At the age of twenty-two, having become convinced from Scripture that
baptism should not precede but follow personal faith in the Redeemer,
he applied as a candidate to Mr. Byland, senior, of Northampton, who
lent him a book, and put him into the hands of his son. On the 5th
of October, 1783, he was baptized by the younger Ryland in the Nen^
a little beyond Dr. Doddridge's chapel in Northampton. To onlookers
as well as to Ryland himself —so he afterwards stated— it was merely
the baptism cf a poor journeyman shoemaker, and the service attracted
no special attention."

Dr. George Smith, in his Life of William Carey, 1886, p. r 7, says: —

"A calvinist of the broad missionary type of Paul, Carey somewhat

suddenly, according to his own account, became a Baptist. ' I do not

xo5

i«ooll0ot having read anything on the labjeot till I applied to Mr.
Byland, senior, to baptize me. He lent me a pamphlet, and tamed me
over to hie son,* who thns told the story when the Baptist MissLonary
Society held its first pnblio meeting in London :—** October 6th, 1783 :
I baptized in the river Nen, a little beyond Dr. Doddridj2:e*s meeting-
houBe at Northampton, a poor joameyman shoemaker, little thinking
that before nine years had elapsed, he would prove the first instrument
of forming a sodety tor sending missionaries from England to preach
the gospel to the heathen. Snoh, however, as the event has proved,
was the purpose of the Most High, who selected for this work not the
flon of one of oar most learned ministers, nor of one of the most
opolent of our dissenting gentlemen, bat the son of a parish clerk.' ''

From the above extracts we can fix the place where the ceremony
of such world-wide interest took place. In a Map of Northampton,
published in 1 747, is a lane which runs in nearly a direct line from
the Chapel at Castle Hill, leading to the river and to the pnsturage on
the opposite side of the Castle, which was called " Castle Lane j *'
now modernised into Fitzroy Street. In later years it was used as a
bathing-place. The distance from Castle Hill Chapel to Scarlet Well
(mentioned by Baker) was considerably greater.

Of the " auncient Castle Ruynous" Dr. Charles Stanford, in his Life
qf Doddridge, 1880, p. 122, says : —

*' The venerable Castle Hill Meeting-honse partly derives its name from
the Castle Hill. On that hill, close by, an old castle once reared its
stately towers in the air. Parliaments have been held in it. There,
chivalry put forth its flower. Thomas Becket's train of nvinding
splendour has passed through its gates. In the reign of Eling John, a
dark deed -was done on the spot, which is still dark, but alive in the
pages of Shakespeare. Even by the time of Doddridge, however,
nothing was left of this famous castle, but a ridge ef ruddy grey wall,
scarcely higher than the nettles and mallows that skirted it. The only
bit of complete masonry left was a low, arched recess, that lasted till
nearly fifty years ago, and which certain children were accustomed to
regard as the opening to the Identical dungeon in which * Christian
and Hopeful' were once shut up. On the hill, inside the great
onunbling ring of ruins, was a field where, as Doddridge saw. Master
Palmer had a cluster of cattle-sheds and haystacks ; nothing giving
ont a sign of the many ancient secrets that were under the grass.
Outside this ring was a deep green hollow, once the moat. On the
country side of this, and anciently used in the service of the moat, the
river Nene wound in and out through rushes and feather grass ; and
away beyond swept the Dallington Moors, where alarmists expected
some day to see the Pretender. On the town side, yet in advance of
the town, was the solitary meeting-house, said to have been built of
stones fetched from the shattered fortifications, which act brings to
nund the text about * beating swords into ploughshares, and spears
into pruning-hooks.' '*

I07

The following Books are in the Bristol College Ltbbaby.

Circular Letters of the Northamptonshire Baptist Association.

1767 to 1886.
Wanting 1771, 1779, 1816, 1822, 1827, 1829, 1835, 1838, 1856.
Baptist Periodical Accounts. Clipstone, ^e., 1800-17.

Baptist Missionary Society Reports. ] 819-26.

Hitopodesa, in Sanscrit. Serampore, 1804.

Buchanan (Claudius) College of Fort William. London, 1805.

On Ecclesiastical Establishment for India. „ 1805.

Journey from Madras through the Mysore, &c. „ 1807.

- Christian Eesearches. Cambridge^ 1811.

Apology for Promoting Christianity in India. London, 1813.

The Eamayuna, in original Sungscrit, with Prose Translations by

Carey and Marshman. Serampore, 1806.

Dangers of British India from French Invasion and Missionary

Establishments, by a late Eesident at Bhagulpore, &c,

London,lSOQ.
Essay to shew that no intention has existed or does now exist to do

violence to the Eeligious Prejudices of India. London, 1808.
Scott Waring (Major), Observations on the Present State of the

East India Company, &c. London, 1808.

Letter in Reply to Owen's " Strictures," Ac. • London, 1808.

Eeply to Anonymous Writer, &c. London, 1808.

Cunningham (J. W., A.M.), Christianity in India. Essay on duties,

means, and consequence of introducing the Christian Beligion
among the inhabitants of the British Dominions in the East.

London, 1808.
Puller (Andrew) Apology for late Christian Missions to India. In
three parts. Comprising (1) Address to Chairman of East
India Company in answer to Mr. Twining and strictures on
preface of pamphlet by Major Scott Waring. (2) Bemarks
on Major Scott Waring's letter to Eev. Mr. Owen and in
Vindication of Hindoos, by a Bengal OflBcer. (8) Strictures
on Major Scott Waring's third pamphlet on letter to President
of Board of Control on the propriety of confining Missionary
Undertakings to the Established Church, in answer to Mr.
Barrow. London, 1808.

io8

Dr. Marsbman's Confucius. Serampore, 1809.

Chamberlain (J.)^ Bengalee Tracta. Serampore, 1811.

— „ Hymns. ., 1811.

— Life of, by Tates. Calcutta, 1824 ; London, 1825.
Ward (W.), The Writings, Ueligion, and Manners of the Hindoos.

4 vols. Serampore, 1811.

■ ■ View of the History, Literature, and Mythology of the Hindoos.

2 vols. Serampore, 1818.

Hall (Robert), Address to Eustace Carey on his Designation as a

Christian Missionary to India. Leicester, 1814.

The First Newspapers ever printed in the Bengalee Language.

Serampore, May '23, 1818. Presented to the College by J. C.

Marshman. [Also the First Magazine, etc. April, 1818.]

Brief Narrative of the Baptist Mission in India ; and Account of
the Translations of the Sacred Scriptures into the yarious
Languages of the East. London, 1819.

Account of the Translations of Scripture. London, 1819.

The Bengalee and Sanscrit Publications of the Calcutta Auxiliary
Baptist Missionary Society, 1820.

Defence of the Deity and Atonement of Jesus Christ, in reply to
£am-Mohun Boy, of Calcutta. By Dr. Marshman, of Seram-
pore. London, 1822.

Essays relatiye to the Habits, Character, and Moral Improvement
of the Hindoos. [Beprinted from '* Friend of India."]

London, 1823.

Bobinson (W.), Attempt to Elucidate the principles of Malayan
Orthography. Fort Marlborough, 1823.

— Letter to Mr. Anderson, June 7, 1830.

Yindiciae Seramporianae : a Beview of Bowen's Pamphlet on
Missionary Incitement and Hindoo Demoralization.

London, 1823.
Dubois, Beply to his Letters on State of Christianity in India.

Serampore^ 1824.

Thoughts on Missions to India. Serampore, 1825.

Letter by Delta to Editor Quarterly Beview Occasioned by certain

Animadversions on the Baptist Missions in India. London,lS26.

Marshman (J. C), Beply to Buckingham's Attack on the Serampore

Missionaries. With Beply of Serampore Missionaries to

attack made on them in No. III. of Oriental Magazine.

London, 1826.

I09

Brief Memoir Belative to the Operations of the Serampore Mis&ion-
ariefl, Bengal. London, 1827.

Peggs (James), The Pilgrim Tax in India. 1827.

The Suttee's Cry to Britain. 1828.

Marshman (J., D.D.), Confidential Statement on the Serampore
Missions. Edinburgh, 1827.

Statement Belative to Serampore, Supplementary to a Brief

Memoir^ with Observations by John Foster. London, 1828.

Letter to the Editor of Oriental Herald. 1827.

Serampore College, Bengal. [Signed, J. Marshman.] 1827.

Reply to Dyer's letter to John B, Wilson, Esq. Together

with an Appeal by the Serampore Missionaries on behalf of
the Labours in which they are engaged, and a Communication
on the same subject by £ev. Wm. Bobinson, of Calcutta.
Second Edition. With an Appendix of Correspondence, &c.

London,l%'^\.

Letter from the Brethren at Serampore to the Committee of the
Baptist Missionary Society in London. Serampore, 1828.

Papers on the Questions recently agitated in the Baptist Missionary
Society relative to Serampore. London, 1828.

Supplementary Number of the Periodical Accounts of the Seram-
pore Mission for 1827. Serampore, 1828.

Vindication of the Calcutta Baptist Missionaries : in Answer to a
Statement Eelative to Serampore (by J. Marshman with
Introductory Observations by John Eoster), by Eustace Carey
and William Yates. London, 1828.

Carey (Dr.), Letters Eelative to Statements contained in three Pam-
phlets by Eev. J. Dyer, W. Johns, M.D., Eevs. E. Carey,
and W. Yates. London, 1828.

Dyer (John), Letter to J. B. Wilson occasioned by Dr. Marshman's
Statement relative to Serampore. London, 1828.

John's, (Dr., M.A., E.L.S., F.H.S., M.E.C.S.), Spirit of the Seram-
pore System in 1812 — 13. With Strictures on Dr. Marsh-
man's Statement. London, 1828.

Two Letters of an old Subscriber to a Member of the Committee
of the Baptist Missionary Society on the Serampore Dispute.

London, 1829.

Discourse on Death of Eev. Eichard Burton, Baptist Missionary in
India, by John Sheppard. London, 1829.

Present State of the Serampore Mission, &c. London, 1829.

Appeal on Behalf of the Serampore Mission. Serampore, 1830.

Greenfield (William), Defence of the Serampore Mahratta Version
of the New Testament. Eeply to Animadversions of an Anony-
mous Writer. London, 1830.

Poynder (J., Esq.), Speech at a General Court of Proprietors of
the East India Company, containing Evidence in proof of the
direct encouragement afforded by the Company to the licentious
and sanguinary system of Idolatry, and demionstrating the net
amount of Pecuniary Profits derived by the Company from
the tax imposed on the worshippers at the different temples.

London, 1830.

News from Afar; or Missionary Varieties; Chiefly Eelating to the
Baptist Missionary Society — being a republication of the
Quarterly Papers of the said Society from 1822 to 1830
inclusive. Illustrated with 36 Engravings, and a Profile of a
Native Hindoo Preacher. London, 1830.

Eeview of Two Pamphlets, by the Eev. John Dyer and the Eev. E.

Carey and W. Tates ; in twelve letters to the Eev. John

Poster, by J. C. Marshman. Together with Thoughts upon

the Discussions which have arisen from the Separation, <&c.

By W. Carey, D.D. And an Appeal by the Serampore

Missionaries. London,

No date on title-page. Dr. Marshman's "Beview" is dated at the end

" Serampore March 25, 1830." Carey's " Thoughts " dated at end " Serampore

17th June, 1880." Two "Letters" follow, oontiouing the pagination, but

apparently printed after the previous part of the pamphlet had been thrown off.

Letter from Dr. Marshman to Dr. Steadman, May 14, 1830 ; and undated letter

from Carey to Samuel Hope.

Letter of Instructions from the Directors of the Scottish Missionary
Society to their Missionaries among the heathen. Edinburgh,

Mack (J.), Principles of Chemistry, in Bengalee and English.
Vol. I. Serampore, 1831.

Arbitration Proposed by the Serampore Brethren. Edinburgh, 1831.

Eeport of Committee of Baptist Missionary Society, Feb. 10, 1831.

Nature and Eecent Circumstances of the Serampore Union. London,

Carey (Eustace), Supplement to the Vindication^ <&c. London, 1831.

Ivimey (Joseph), Letters on Serampore Controversy. London, 1831.

Thomas (John), Life^ by C. B. Lewis. London, 1873.

Grammabs, Diotionabies, etc.
Carey (W.)> Bengalee Dialogues.

Bengalee Grammar.

— Grammar of the Sungskrit Language.

— Mahratta Grammar.

— Mahratta Dictionary.

— Punjabee Grammar.

Telinga Grammar.

— Bengalee Dictionary.
Carey (F.), Burman Grammar.
'— Bengalee Version of Pilgrim's Progress.
Yates (W.), Sunscrit Grammar.

Serampare, 1801.

1801.

1806.

1808.

1810.

1812.

1814.

9»

1815.

Serampore, 1814.

»9

1821.

Calcutta,

1820.

»»

1845.

1837.

1843.

9»

1845.

1844.

1846.

»>

1847.

3r. ,,

1874.

Biblical Apparatus.

"" »> »

Introduction to Hindoostanee.

» „ „ Language

The Nalodya, a Sanscrit Poem.

Sanscrit Dictionary.

;- Hindostanee Dictionary.

Introduction to Bengalee.

„ „ Ed. by Dr. Wenger.

Javanese Dictionary.

Amara — Sinha : Sanscrit Dictionary. By Colebrooke.

Serampoor, 1808.
A Vocabulary, Ooriya and English. By Mohunpersaud Takoor.
(Dedicated to Carey). Serampore, 1811.

Marsden's Malayan Dictionary and Grammar, 2 vols.

London, 1812.
Marshman (Dr.), Clavis Sinica (Chinese Grammar, &c.)

Serampore, 1814.
Chinese Grammar — Eobert Morrison. Serampore, 1815.

The Prubodh Chundrika. „ 1833.

Grammar of Hindi, Bev. W. Etherington, Missionary, Benares.

1870.

Johnson's Dictionary, English and Bengalee, by John Mendies,

late of Serampore. Calcutta, 1872.

IT2

Translations of the Bible.

Bengalee — Bible, Carey's Yersion. Serampore, 1832 ; Calcutta, 187^.

„ Pentateuch. Serampore, 1801.

„ Historical Books. „ 1801.

,, Hagiographa. „ 1804.

•„ Prophetical Books. „ 1805.

„ New Testament. Serampore, 1801, 1811.

„ „ „ (Carey's Version) Serampore,- 1813.

„ Harmony of Gospels. Calcutta, 1822.

Assam— New Testament. Serampore, 1819.

Burmese — Bible, by Judson. Maulmain, 181tO.

„ Qospel of Matthew. 1815.

Chinese — Bible— Gospel of John (in Chinese). Serampore, 1813.

„ Eomana ; and i. and ii. Corinthians. „ 1815-16.

Goozuratee — New Testament. Serampore, 1820.

Hindi— New Testament. Calcutta, 1868.

Hindustanee — ^The Pentateuch. Serampore, 1812.

New Testament (H. Martyn) „ 1814.

„ Four Gospels.

„ Harmony of the Gospels. ' Calcutta, 1823.

„ New Testament. Serampore, 1865,

Mahratta — The Pentateuch. Serampore, 1812.

„ Historical Books. „ 1812.

„ New Testament. Serampore, 1807, 1811, 1824.

„ Gospel of Matthew. Serampore, 1805.

Malabar — New Testament. Serampore, 1813.

Malayan — The Gospel of Matthew, etc. Enekhuysen, 1629

Together with (in Dutch and Malayan)

The Ten Commandments

The Lofsang of Zacharie (versified, with music)
„ „ of the Angels
„ „ of Marie „ „

„ „ of Simeon „ „

The Creed.

The Lord's Prayer. &c.
On the title-page is this note in Dr. Charles Stuart's autograph : —
" This copy of the first attempt to translate and print any part of the word
of God into any of the languages of India, being a version of the Gospel of
Matthew into the Malay tonfsrue, with the Dutch Translation in the opposite
column of each page by Albert Cornelius Ruyl printed at Enckhuysen in
Holland A.D. 1629, is presented to Dr. John Byland for the Baptist Library at
Bristol by his most affectionate friend
" Edinb. JiUy 27. 1816. Cha. Stuart."

Malayan — New Teatament.
Mooltan—New Testament.
OriBsa— The Pentateuch.

„ Historical Books.

„ Hagiographa.

„ Prophetical Books.

„ New Testament.
Persian — New Testament.

„ Gospel of Matthew.

Sanskrit — Bible (Volume ii.)

„ „ (Complete.)

„ Oospels.

„ New Testament.

„ Gospel of Matthew.

Shikh — New Testament.
Yikanera — New Testament.

Calcutta, 1814.

Serampore, 1814.

1811.

1809.

„ 1809.

1807.

Calcutta, 1805.

Translated by Sebastiani.

Serampore, 1811.

Calcutta, lS4iS-72.

1878.

Serampore, 1808.

1805.

1811.

Serampore, 1820.

MAirgscBiPTS> etc.

Sobinson (W.), 113 Hymns in Malayan, illustrating the doctrines

of Jesus Christ. 1819.

Eyland (John, D.D.), Original MSS. 1786-1814.

Autograph Letter of Schwartz.
Autograph Letter of Colonel Bie, relating to the Serampore

Missionaries.
MS. Volume accompanying box of Idols, with Letters addressed to

Carey. 1803.

Facsimile of Specimens of the Sacred Scriptiures in the Eastern

Languages. 26 Specimens* Serampore,

€mkmt^ ai Swntrag SjcI^ooIs.

JTOI^THAMPTON CeNTRE.

BOOKS PRINTED BY THE RAIKES FAMILY
At Northampton and Gloucester,

AND

RELATING TO SUNDAY SCHOOLS, &o.

AUTOGRAPH LETTERS AND MSS.

ENQRAVINQS BY CELEBRATED MASTERS,

Exhibited at the Exchange Hall^ Northampton^

JULY 13, 1880.

TAYLOR & SON, PRINTERS AND PUBLISHERS,

1880.

Catal00ttje-

Robert Raikesi the Elder.

1 The Northampton Mercury, with the Southwest Prospect of
Northampton. Vol. III. Numb. i. Monday, April 30, 1722,
to No. ij7, Monday, April 29, 1723.

Northampton : Printed by R, Raikes and W. Dicey,

2 The Force of Nature -, or the Loves of HippoUito and Dorinda.
A Romance. Translated from the French Original, and never
before printed in English.

Northampton, Printed by R, Raikes isf W. Dicey, over against All

Saint* s Church, 1720.

3 Holy Breathings under the Sense of Sin: Together with a
Sovereign Preparative towards a Blessed Eternity. By Thomas
Price. The Third Edition.

Northampton: Printed for Obed, Smith, and sold by Rob. Raikes

and W. Dicey. 1720.

4 Miscellanea in usum Juventutis Academiae Pars I Autore J. J.

Northamptonus : Typis R. Raikes tsf G. Dicey, 1721.

5 Logica in usum Juventutis Academics Autore J J.

Northamptonia Typis R, Raikes and G. Dicey 1721.

6 Water out of the Rock : or. Life and Comfort to Sinners thro' the
Crucifixion of Christ. Demonstrated in a Sermon Preach'd at
Great Wood-House, near Leeds in Yorkshire, August 22, 1 7035
By John Moore, Pastor of a Congregational Church in North-
ampton. [College Lane.]

Northampton: Printed by R, Raikes and W. Dicey, for the

Author. 1 721.

7 The Glory of Christ's Visible Kingdom in this World, by Joseph
Perry, an unworthy Servant in the work of the Gospel. [Minister
at Floore.1

Northampton: Printed by R. Raikes and W. Dicey , for the

Author, 1 72 1.

8 Northampton Miscellany ; or Monthly Amusements, &c. April
30, 1 72 1. Northampton: Printed by R. Raikes and fF. Dicey.

9 The Nature and Property of a Christian Apology for Religion.
£xplain*d and Recommended in a Sermon preach'd at Northamp-
ton, April 26, 1721. At the Visitation of the Reverend Mr.
Richard Cumberland, Arch-Deacon of Northampton. By John
Gillman, D.D. Rector of Creek in Northampton -shire.

Northampton : Printed by R, Raikes, and W. Dicey.

10 God's Matchless Love to a Sraful World. Plainly demonstrated
in several Sermons Preach'd at Bromesgrove jn the County of
Worcester, May 22, and 29, 1698. By John M oore, Preacher of
the Gospel of the Grace of Grod.

Printed at Northampton, in the Year 1722,

1 1 The Nature and Duty of Justice, in Relation to the Chief Magis-
trate and the People. A Sermon Preach'd at the Assizes held at
Northampton, March 13, 172J. Before Mr. Baron Gilbert. By
John Boldero, M.A. Rector of Clipston.

Northampton : Printed by R. Raikes and W, Dicey.

12 God the Portion of his People : in a Sermon Preached at Moulton
occasioned by the Dpath of John, Painter, April 16, 1722. By
John Brittain.

Northampton, Printed by R, Raikes and W, Dicey, 1724.

Robert. Matkes^ the Founder of Sunday Schools.

13 The Glocester Journal, Vol. LXII. Monday, November 3,
1783. [No.] 3212.

Glocester, Printed by R. Raikes, in the Southgaie-Strefit. [Rep.]

The nimiber oontainixig the oziginal pipragzaplx on the esfcahliflhizig
of Sunday Schools.

14 An Essay on the Church, [By the Rev* W* Jones, A.M. Rector
of Paston.] Glocester: Printed by R, Raikes, 1787.

15 The Elements of English Grammar. By G. N. Ussher.

Glocester: Printed by R, Raikes. 1793.

Issued from the Press in Northamptonshire.

1 6 Religious Instruction of Children Recommended. By the Rev.
James Stonhouse^ M.D.^ [Physician to Northampton Infirmary.]

Bristol, 1775.

17 A Sermon Preached on the 21st of May, 1786, in tbfe Parish-
Church of Hardingston^, on the Establishment of a Sunday
School in that Place, for the Benefit of the Children of the Poor.
By the Rev. Robert Lucas. London, 1786.

18 A Sermon Preached on the 8th of October, 1786, in the Parish
Church of Hardingstone ; Supplemental to a Sermon Preached
there, on the Establishment of a Sunday School. By the Rev.
Robert Lucas. London, 1786.

19 Three Sermons on the Subject of Sunday Schools : with an
Appendix containing Rules, &c. By the Rev. Robert Lucas.

London, 1787.

20 An Exhortation to that Greatest of Charities rescuing the Infant
Poor from Sin, &c. A Sermon Preached in the Parish Church
of Towcester, on Sunday, the First of October, 1786, for the
Benefit of the Sunday School Established in that place. By the
Rev. William Peters, Rector of Litchborough, &c.

London : Published for the Benefit of the Poor of Towcester

and Litchborough.

2 r — — The Second Edition. . London.

22 An Address to the Subscribers to the Sunday Schools in Peter-
borough. Signed " John Weddred." Peterborough, 1 J SS.

23 A Plain and Concise Exposition of the Baptismal Covenant
Designed for the use of the Children educated in the Sunday
Schools^ Peterborough. By John Weddred. Peterborough, 1791.

24 Religious Education Recommended. A Discourse delivered at
Clipstone, March the nth, 1792, in favour of Sunday Schools.
By I. W. Morris. Market Harborough, 1792.

*^ .

%6 Rules and Regulations for the Wellingborough Parochial Sunday
School^ Instituted on St. Andrew's Day, i8io. Wellingborough.

27 An Introductory Address to the Parishioners of Wellingborough,
suggesting to establish a Parochial Sunday School. Signed,
"Charles Pryce, M.A., Vicar." Dated, "Wellingborough,
November 23, 18 10."

28 Instructions for Youth at Sunday-Schools. By William Chown,
a Northamptonshire School Master. Northampton.

29 Card of Honour, given for regular Attendance at the Sunday
School, Braunston, for i j Sundays successively,.

30 Card of Honour. The Bearer having never been late or absent
for five Sundays.

31 Report of the Committee of College-Lane Sunday- School, North-
ampton, October 5th, 1815. Northampton, 1S15.

32 A Manual to the Northampton Lancasterian School Lessons for
Reading and Writing, with Hints for the Establishment and.
Management of Sunday Schools, including the Method of
Teachmg each Class, for the use of Sunday School Teachers.
By Samuel Hall, Superintendent of the Lancasterian School
Northampton. Northampton, 18 18

^^ Power of Divine Grace exemplified, in the Conversion and Happy
Death of Mary Ann Wright, late a Scholar in the Wesleyan
Methodist Sunday School, Northampton, who died October 24,
1820, aged 14 years. Northampton, 1821.

34 Sunday School Dialogues in Verse. Showing the Misfortunes
and Miseries of a Young Sabbath Breaker. By J. Goss.

Northampton, 1822.

35 New Tracts for Sunday Schools.

Ko. I. The Fleasares of a Sunday Solieol Teacher.
Ko. n. Lines on the Death of Mary Cook, a Teacher in Maraton

Sunday School.
Ko. m. Verses to a Child on the Death of her Sunday School
Teacher.
Ey J. Goss. Northampton, 1822.

S6 Rules for the Sunday School at the Independent Meeting, Kilsby.

Daventry, 1827.

37 An Address to the Children of St. Giles's Sunday School, North-
ampton. By the late Curate of the Parish. [James Ford.]

Sidmouth, 1827.

38 Northampton Preparatory Infant School Report, &c. [1829.]

39 Report of the Provisional Committee of the General Sunday
School, to the Subscribers. March 27, 1815. Northampton.

40 — - Second Annual Report, April 15th, 18 16.

41 — • Third Annual Report, April 7th, 181 7.

42 A Sermon to Parents : Preached before the Northampton Sunday
School Union, on Easter Monday, March 27th, 1837, ^° College
Street Chapel. By Thos. Milner, A.M. Northampton, 1837.

43 Scripture Hymns for the Use of Pjrtchley Sunday School.

London, 1843.

44 A Letter to the Right Honourable the Earl of Shaftesbury, on
the Establishment of Ragged School Churches, by the Rev. W,
£. Richardson, B.A., Curate of All Saints, Northampton.

Londen, 18^2.

45 An Address to the Sunday School Teachers of Northampton.
By One of Themselves. 1853.

46 The School-Room; considered. I. As a Place of Discipline.
II. As a Place of Instruction. By the Rev. A. D. Gordon.
Curate of Titch marsh. London, 1857^

47 The Mutual Relation and Duties of the Church and the Sunday
School. The Circular Letter from the Ministers and Messengers
of the several Baptist Churches in the Northamptonshire
Association, assembled at Bngbrook, on the loth and nth days
of June, 1862, to the several Churches they represent.

Kettmngy 1862.

48 Rules of the Northampton Wesleyan Methodist Sunday School
Society, in Union with the Conference of Methodist Preachers,
in the Connexion Established by the Rev. John Wesley, A.M.

J^/orthamplon, 1862.

49 Our Senior Scholars : Why do we lose them ? A Paper read at
the Annual Meetings of the Thrapston and Kettering Sunday
School Union. By Thomas Islip. Kettering, 1867.

50 Services for the Use of Sunday and Day Schools in the Diocese
of Peterborough, to which are added some Private Prayers for
Children. Put forth by the Diocesan Inspectors under the
Sanction of the Lord Bishop of the Diocese. Northampton, 18^)9.

5 1 The Sunday Schools of The Future. Ey Marianne Farningham.

London, 1871.

52 National Religious Education. A Sermon Preached on Sunday,
March the loth, 1872, in All Saints' Church, Northampton, on
Behalf of the Parochial Schools. By the Right Rev. Dr. Magee,
Lord Bishop of Peterborough. Northampton, 1872.

^^ Some Pre-Requisites of the Sunday School for the Work of
Religious Education. A Paper Read before the Northampton-
shire Sunday. School Union at their Conference, September 17,
1872. By the Rev. T. Arnold. Northampton^ 1872.

54 A Study of a Rock : But not Geological. ** Look unto the rock
whence ye were hewn." A Paper on the Early History of
Sunday Schools, especially in Northamptonshire. By the Rev.
W. J. Bain. Northampton, 1875.

55 A Paper on the Early Histoiy of Sunday Schools, especially in
Northamptonshire. By the Rev. W. J. Bain. With Appendix,
containing Extracts Illustrative of the Early History of Sunday
Schools in Northaqiptoashire, from Original Documents, &c.
Second Edition. Northampton, 1875.

60 Hymns used in the Parochial Schools, All Saints, Northampton.

Northampton.

61 Peterborough Diocesan Sunday School Syllabus, from Trinity to
Advent, 1880. Northampton,

62 "The Relation of Children to the Church.'* The Circular
Letter from the Ministers and Messengers of the several Baptist
Churches in the Northaniptonshire Association^ assembled at
Long Buckby, on the i8th and 19th of May, 1880, to the
Churches they represent. [By W. J. Mills.] Norihampton, iBSo.

63 The Sunday School Teacher's Work. A Sermon by the Bishop
of Peterborough, at the Diocesan Festival of Sunday School
Teachers, held in Peterborough Cathedral, in connection with the
Sunday School Centenary^ on Thursday, July ist^ 1880.

Special Works on Sunday Schools, &c.

64 Sunday Schools recommended in a Sermon Preached at the Parish
Church of St, Alphage, Canterbury, on Sunday, December the
Eighteenth, 1785. By George Home, D.D., Dean of Canterbury.
With an Appendix concerning the Method of Forming and Con-
ducting an Establishment of this kind. Published for the Benefit
of Sunday Schools. ' Oxford, i*]%6,

65 The Necessity and Duty of the early Instruction of Children in
the Christian Religion, evinced and enforced : In a Sermon
preached in the Parish Church of Grreat Yarmouth, on Sunday,
June the aoth, 1 790. For the Benefit of the Charity and Sunday
Schools. Ey Samuel Cooper, D.D. Yarmouth, 1790.

66 The Abuses and Advantages of Sunday Schools. A Sermon
Preached at Ormskirk, on Sunday, November 3, 1799, for the
Benefit of the Institution. By Johnson Grant, A.B.

Orrnskirk, 1800.

67 A Manual of Religious Knowledge, for the use of Sunday
Schools, and of the Poor in General. Ormskirk, 1801.

^S -^-^ Another Edition. 1807.

69 A Plan for the Establishment and Regulation of Sunday Schools.

London, i8oj.

70 The Sunday School. Woodcut on title.

Sold by Howard and Evans, Long Lane, fPesi Smithfield,

71 The History of Hester Wilmot. Being a Continuation of the
Sunday School. . Woodcut on title.

Sold by y. Evans & Son, Long-Lane, West Smithfield.

72 Hints to Sunday-School Teachers, calculated to save Time,
Trouble, and Expense 3 with Specimens. Second edition cor-
rected. London, 1806.

73 The Sunday School Library.

Printed by the Philanthropic Society, [London"] 1810.

74 Hints for the Formation and Establishment of Sunday Schools.

London^ 1807.

75 The Sunday School, or Juvenile Theological Dictionary. By
James Kittle. London, 18 17.

76 Hyi;nns for the Use of Sunday Schools. London^ 1818.

77 The Sunday School Prayer Book London, 1820.

78 Sketch of the Life of Robert Raikes, Esq., and of the History
of Sunday Schools. By W. F. Lloyd. . London, 1826.

79 Hints on the Establishment and Regulations of Sunday Schools.

London, 1828.

80 The Sunday-School Primer. London.

81 The First Fifty Years of the Sunday School. By W. H. Watson

London.

82 Practical Hints on the Formation and Management of Sunday
Schools: Compiled by the Rev. J. C. Wigram, M.A. The
Second Edition. London, 1834.

83 The Scriptural Catechism for the Use of Sunday Schools. By
Richard Orford. London, 1836.

84 A Primer, for the Use of Sunday School^ consisting of eas7
lessons. By the Rev. R. Simpson^ M.A- London, 1851.

85 A Sermon to Sunday School Tsachers. By the. Rev. J. P. Chown.

Bradford, 1852^.

86 Practical Hints on Sunday School Teaching; an Address. to
Teachers. By Daniel Moore^ M.A. Lftn^on,, i8j6.

87 Who was the Founder of Sunday. Schools? Being an Inquiry
into the origin, and 9 brief Sketch of the Growth of. Sui^day
Schools in England. By S. R. Townshe;id, Mayor. With
Portraits. London, 1880.

88 Remarks on thcS necessity of Punctual attendance in Sunday
Schools. Sunday School Union.

89 The Teacher's Cabinet The Present Crisi§. By J. Comper
Gray, and Sunday School Reform. By T. J. Cox. London,

TAYLOR AND SON,]

[XOUTHAMITOS.

NEW^ TOW^N HAL^.

HE insufficiency of the Old Town Hall, which stood at the south-west
corner of Abington Street and the Wood Hill, for the business of the
municipality had long been felt; and in 1859 the question of a new building
was seriously entertained. In i860, advertisements were issued for designs; and under
the guidance of Mr. Tite, the eminent Architect, who was chosen referee, that of Mr.
Edward W. Godwin, of Bristol, was selected. The building was opened on the 17th
of May, 1864, with much ceremony.

The building stands upon the site of houses in St. Giles' Square, principally that
which was for many years the property and residence of Dr. Robertson. The style is the
Decov«feH Gothic, treated with the individuality and richness of resource of an
imaginative a^d highly cultivated mind. It is of two stories ; the fagade presents on the
ground floor a spacious vestibule in the centre, with two windows on each side, of three
lights each, with quatrefoil lights over, and in the heads, sculptured groups in alto-
relievo. The upper story has seven windows of two trefoil-headed-lights each, with a
cinquefoil light in the head of the arch. Before the central window is a balcony, and
between each windov^, on semi-pillars, stand eight statues with canopies over them.
From the centre rises a (-lock tower of two stages, having a two light window below, and
a three light one above th^ -i-r|c. The sloping roof is finished with a crest of lead.

Iledm)>tt^( #ttttie

lEW

OWN

ALL,

N OI\TH AM PTO N

The Town JTall, 1864.

jriTH ILLViSTRATloys.

TAYLOE & SON, PEINTERS AND PUBLISHEES.

1881.

The style is the Decorated Gothic, treated with the individuality
and richness of resource of an imaginative and highly-cultivated
mind. It is of two stories ; the facade presents on the ground floor
a spacious vestibule in the centre, with two windows on each side of
three lights each, with quatrefoil lights over, and in the heads,
sculptured groups in alto-relievo. The upper story has seven
windows of two trefoil-headed lights each, with a cinquefoil light in
the head of the arch. Before the central window is a balcony, and
between each window, on semi-pillars, stand eight statues with
canopies over them. From the centre rises a clock tower of two
stages, having a two-light window below, and a three-light one above
the clock. Tbe sloping roof is finished with a crest of lead.

Statue L

The figures at the two extremities are St. George and St.
Michael, the patron saints of England and of the town. St. George
is at the left or western end. He is the St. George of the " Fairy
Queen " of Spenser — The Sed Cross Knight sprung

" From antient race
Of Saxon King^ that have with mighty hand
And many bloody battles fought in place
High rear*d their Royal Throne in Britidn land
• • •

And on his breast a bloody cross he bore,

The dear remembrance of his dsring Lord,
For whose sweet sake that glorious badge he wore,

And dead, as living, ever him adored :
Upon his shield the like was also scored,

For sovereign hope which in his help he had.
Bight faithful true he was in deed and word :

But of his cheer did seem too solemn sad ;
Tet nothing did he dread, but ever was ydrad."

The sculptor has departed from that point of time in the
Saint*8 famous battle with the Dragon at which he is represented in
the order of the Oeorge and the Garter and on the coinage, partly.

no doubt, beoauie an equeBtrian figure was not possible in such a
situation. Here tbe knight has pierced the monster beneath the
wing, and, the spear being broken in the wound, he has recourse to
bis sword : —

" And fieroely took his trenohuit blade in hand

With which ha itrook to furiom and so f eU
That nothing foamed the pnisBanoe oonld withstand.

Upon his crest the hardened iron fell ;
But his more hardened orest was armed weU

That deeper dint therein it would not makob"

In the foliage of the capita] of the pillar on which the statae
stands the artist has told us whence he derived his ideal of

" Saint George of merry England* the sign of yiotory,"

by the figure of Una :—

" A loTdylady rode him fair bedde.

Upon a lowly ass more white than snow ;
Yet she much whiter, bat the same did hide

Under a veil that wimpled was fnll low ;
And over all a black stole she did throw

As one that inly mourned ; so was she sad,
And heafy sate upon her palfrey slow ;
Seemed in heart some hidden oare she had ;
And by her in a line a milk-white lamb she had."

Of the historical St. George we need not say much, seeing that
Mr. Godwin has wisely and gracefully preferred the poetical hero.
Saint George of Cappadoda, as he is called, was bom at Epaphaneia,
in Cilicia, of humble parents. His early life seems to haye been
dcToted to the accumulation of wealth. He afterwards went to
Alexandria, where he got together a valuable library, and ultimately
became primate of Egypt. The accession of Julian, A.D. 361,
brought with it the downfall of the Archbishop. He was thrown
into prison, which was broken open by the multitude, and he and
his ministers were murdered. In 1096, when the Crusaders went
to the East, they found him honoured as a warrior Saint, and to his
intercession and presence in the battles some of the victories of the
Crusaders were attributed. Edward III. made him the patron of
the Order of the Garter, instituted in 1850, and he has gradually
become the patron of chivalry and tutelar Saint of England. It ia
right, however, to state that Papebr'oche and Heylyn altogether
deny that the patron Saint of England is the same person as the
Bishop of Alexandria. The Saint was honoured as such to a
comparatively late day. Fabyan, the contemporary chronicler,
says, under the date 1604 (20th Henry VII)— "Fpon Saynt
George's day the Kyng went in procession in Poules church, where
was shewed a legge of Saynt George, closed in sylver, which was
newly sent to the Kyng."

Of the legendary St. George, as told in the ** Gt>lden Legend^"
how he slew the dragon of Sylene in Lybia, that had deToured and
poisoned the inhabitants of the country far and near ; how at last
the monster was fed with maidens and children, and how the lot fell
on the King's daughter ; and finally how St. George came oppor-
tunely and slew the dragon, and christianized the country— we need
Bay no more, because the story has been told in excellent verse by
Mr. Christopher Hughes, for the Cantata, which formed so attractiye
a feature at the opening concerts.

St. Geobgb and the Bsaqoh.

Ia those old days when evil reigned

With greater power than now.
And desert half the isle remained.

And men lived none know how :

When ugly beasts, of aspect dire,

Were rampant in the land,
And dragons breathing smoke and fire.

Which no man might withstand ;

Then came St. Geoige with sword and spear,

And with resistless might
Scattered those monsters far and near,

Whe fled his Tety sight

And now was left but only ene,

Thefearfnllestofall;
A Yirgin brighter than tiie son

He held in cmel thrall.

In battle fierce, and sharp, and lonir«

St. George the I>ragon slays ;
So now a sweetly ringing song

We shout forth in his praise.

Sing oat— St Gteorge of England— then

Sing out— his fairest bride-
He the most blest of Englishmen,

And she his joy and pride^

&mnt it

Leaving the local Saint to come in the order of sequence^ we
take next the statue of Eichard I., which adjoins that of St. George.
The great OoBur de Lion played an important part in our ann^s.
We owe to him our earliest existing charter, though it is believed to
be in the main a confirmation only of one granted in the reign of
Henry II. Be that as it may, the Charter of Sichard conferred
many valuable privileges; among others it relieved the men of
Northampton from that law of Canute which subjected every town
in which a murder was committed, to the heavy fine of forty marks ;
it exempted the citizen from the barbarous necessity of vindicating
loM innocence or asserting his civil rights by doing battle with hi9

accuser or oppressor. Before tbis time all questions concerning
freehold, writs of right, warranty of land or of goods sold, debts
upon mortgage or promise, the validity of charters, the manamission
of villeins, and all questions of service, were liable to be referred to
this mode of decision ; it conferred also the right of choosing their
own provost or chief magistrate. Here, too, the capital of the
pillar on which the statue stands, points to the poetical history of
its subject. In 1192 Eichard, who was then in Palestine, hearing
of the intrigues of his brother John in England, and of the
treachery of the French King, accepted Saladin's offer of a truce
for three years, and determined to return home. " He took ship,"
says Samuel Daniel, "in three galleys, with some few attendants,
and hastened into England. In this passage they pretended them-
selves to be pilgrims, but the King was soon discovered by his lavish
ezpences, and began to be valued by the masters of the vessels as a
prize ; which when he had notice of, he left his company, and, with
one man only, passed through deserts and a rocky country, day and
night, into Austrich ; where fame having given notice of his coming
he was taken in a poor inn asleep, by means of his companion, and
brought before Leopold the Duke of Austrich ; who glad of this
opportunity to revenge the disgrace he had received from Bichard
at the entering of Aeon, seized upon him and sent him (or rather
sold him for sixty thousand marks) to the Emperor Henry VI."
Bichard was popular in England, and his return was looked for with
great anxiety. The nature of the misfortune which had befallen
him was not known, and rumours of all sorts began to circulate.
How the place of his confinement was discovered, history and
poetry have variously related. Eauchet, in his lives of French
poets anterior to 1300, states on the authority of an old French
chronicle, that Blondel or Blondiaux, a French minstrel of the 12th
century, accompanied Bichard to Palestine. He was much attached
to his master, and after Bichard's disappearance he wandered over
Germany, making enquiries everywhere in search of him. At last
a fortress was pointed out to him — the castle of Lowenstein — as the
place where some person of consideration was imprisoned, and thither
accordingly Blondel repaired. Arriving beneath the walls he sang a
song which he and Bichard had composed together, but had scarcely
finished the first couplet, when he was answered from the tower
with the second. He immediately knew that the prisoner was the
King for whom he was in search, and the discovery led to Bichard's
release. Historians reject this pleasant story, and say that
Bichard's imprisonment was made known by a letter written by
Henry to Philip, stating that his enemy was safely lodged in one of
bis castles of the Tyrol, laden with cbains; and watched over daj

and night bv trusty goards with drawn swords. How Philip came
to allow the contents of a missive to transpire, the secrecy of which
was as important to himself as to Henry, is not stated ; but the
intelligence roused all Europe : the Pope excommunicated Leopold,
the Austrian Duke, and threatened Henry with the same penalty
unlesa he set Eichard at libery. But Coeur de Lion was kept in
prison for about fourteen months, and was only released upon
payment of a large ransom. In support, however, of the Blondel
story, there are some considerations, in addition to that which leads
one to believe that few traditions are without some basis of fact.
Bichard had himself something of the troubadour spirit in him.
Some sirventes of his are preserved, in which, says the " Histoire
Litteraire des Troubadours," '' on trouvera de la naivete et du
courage." One of these was written in his prison, and is a lament
over his confinement, and the supposed apathy of his friends and
kindred. He was of a sanguine and jovial nature, and is said to
have cheered his imprisonment and won the goodwill of his keepers
with his verses, his music, his wit, and, it is added — ^his power of
drinking. With his hearty and social nature we have been made
familiar in Sir "Walter Scott's Ivanhoe. "Who has forgotten who
has once read — and who has not read — those admirable chapters
which describe the midnight revel of the Black Knight and the
Holy Clerk of Copmanhurst, and the jolly chorus in which they
join: —

" Oome trowl the brown bowl to me,
BttUy boy, bully boy.
Come trowl the brown bowl to me :

Ho ! jolly Jenkin I spy a knave in drinking.
Gome trowl the brown bowl to me."

%ttitm at

The third statue is that of Henry III. He was but ten years
old when he succeeded to the throne. His advisers immediately on
his accession issued a general charter confirming those already
existing, and in his third year a writ was addressed to Eulk de
Breante and the bailiffs of ^Northampton, appointing bailiffs to keep
the fair, and regulate all things pertaining to the Crown, more
especially ordering that the merchants should liberally and freely
deliver their wool, hides, and cloth to the deputed bailiffs, knowing
that the King would fully satisfy them, according to their value.
In this same year he kept his Christmas in the town with great
state ; and again in the eighth year. In the year following he held
a colloquium or great council of the nobility, and another in the
following August. In the 9th year (1239) a writ was issued
allowing certain customs for three years in aid of enclosing the

town ; another to the same pnrpose in the d6th ; and a third in the
68rd year for the repairing and improving the walls, " ad repara-
tionem et emendationem mnri sui circumcirgentis yillam suam."
In the 11th year of his reign, when he had just come of age, he
granted a charter, authorizing the burgesses to choose two of the
most legal and discreet men from the burgesses of the town and
present them, by their letters patent, to the chief justice of West-
minster, who should well and faithfully keep the provostship (prsd-
posituram) of the same town : and also choose four of the most
legal and descreet men of the same town, by common consent to
keep the pleas of the Crown. In his 20ih year (1285) the Eong
sent his mandate to the bailiffs of the town, ordering them to
remove the ancient Pair, which had been kept in the Church-yard
of All Saints, on all Saints' Day, to our present Market-square,
then a large and open space of -ground—-" vasta et vacua placea/'
the writ describes it — north of the church. In 1245-6 he gave ten
marks to purchase books for a library, and a cup or chalice for the
reception of the Eucharist to the Church of All Saints, with smaller
vessels of silver to the other parish churches in the town. In 1252
he directed the Sheriff of Northampton to have made in the Castle
of Northampton windows of white glass, painted with the story of
Dives and Lazarus. A charter of Henry's, in the 41st year of hlB
reign, illustrates the jealousy with which local interests were guarded
in those days, and the anti-j&ee trade policy of the times. It recites,
that no merchant, during Fair time, shall be received into the
borough with his goods except by the will and permission of his
sureties. In the 52nd year Henry confirmed \o the mayor and
burgesses of Northampton all the charters they had previously
received. This is the earliest use of the word '* Mayor'* in this
Town, and in the same reign, as we learn from the " Liber Albus/'
the chief officer (presses) of London was first called by the same
title. The London Charter, in which it first appears, was granted
in the 11th Henry III. It is given at length in the liber Custu-
marum, and runs — " Sciatis nos concessisse &c. Baronibus nostris
de civitate nostra Londoniarum, ut eligant sibi Majorem de seipsis
singulis annis," &c. The liber Albus states how the office of
Mayor formerly went by the names of Portreeve and Justiciary.
In 1270 Henry specially confirmed also to the burgesses a singular
privilege, which they seem to have enjoyed from a remote period, of
exemption from the barbarous custom of lawiug their dogs ; that is,
of cutting off the three fore-claws on the ball of each foot, in order
to prevent them from running in the forest. This stringent and
cruel game law originated in the time of Canute, and evidences in
n remarkable way the extreme estimation in which the chase way

held by our early kings, eyen when a large proportion of the
country must haye been wild and wood, and abounding in fer»
iiatune. How it chanced that the inhabitants of Northampton
should haye acquired a priyilege which was, in effect, a permission
to take venison whereyer they might find it, does not appear. But
it is certain, from the terms of this '' special grace of the King,"
that it was of old standing, and that it extended not only to the
town but to the suburbs — '^ tam in suburbio ejusdem quam infra
eandem yillam." The reign of Henry III. was a troubled time for
Northampton. During his wars with the Barons the Town was
taken and re-taken seyeral times, and his statue, from its high
stance, looks oyer meadows where his army was drawn up in warlike
array against a stronghold in the possession of hisreyolted subjects.
The battle of Eyesham^ in which the Prince Edward achieyed a
great victory, broke the power of the Barons ; a Parliament was
held at Northampton, in January, 1266, at which there were many
confiscations ; but peace was made, and many of the nobles sought
to retrieve their fortunes and their fame by accompanying Prince
Edward to the Holy Land.

SbUtm ib.

The Fourth Statue, that of Edward I., occupies worthily one
of the most conspicuous positions in the noble fa9ade. Edward
married Eleanor of Castile in 1254. In 1268 he received the cross
from the Papal legate, and accompanied by his wife arrived in
Palestine at the close of May, 1271. Of his valorous exploits there
everybody knows ; how a Saracen obtained access to his tent and
attempted to assassinate him ; how he slew him on the spot, but
not before he had receiyed a wound in the arm from a poisoned
dagger. Late researches have shown that the popular story of
Eleanor saying his life by sucking the poison from his wound has,
at least, a good deal of romance in it. Eleanor fainted when she
learnt that it was necessary to cut out the wounded part. But it is
imquestionable that to her loving care was owing the restoration of
her lord to health, after a long and dangerous illness consequent
upon the poison having got into the system. Edward succeeded to
the throne on the death of his father, in 1272. He was then on his
way home from Palestine, and he reached England in July, 1274,
and was crowned in the following month. His connection with
Northampton includes some important incidents. In 1298 he
commanded the burgesses to choose two of the most discreet
persons, who should have full and suflScient authority to treat for
themselves and the rest of the burgesses, and to meet the King at
York on the feast of Pentecost, there to consult on the business of

the reftlm — ^the first instanoe of Northampton retaming members to
Parliament. This, says Hartshome, seems to be the earliest occasion
when representatiyes were freely and independently sent forth to
giye utterance to the popular Toioe, and Northampton was one of
the seyenty-six selected to return members to Parliament. Edward
in 1299 confirmed his father's charters to Northampton, adding the
priyilege that the burgesses should elect annually a mayor and two
bailiffs at the Feast of St. Michael. Edward also made a grant of
payage in the thirteenth year of his reign, by which the inhabitanta
were entitled to certain tolls for a space of two years. But the name
of Edward the Pirst awakens a more romantic echo in the hearts of
the good people of Northampton than that which arises from
gratitude for material benefits. The fame of the daring warrior,
and the wise and liberal monarch, fades in popular estimation before
the affectionate and grieying husband, who, on the gentle and
picturesque ascent, south of the town, erected the beautiful monu-
ment to the memory of his beloyed queen — one record, of many, of
the places where the body rested on its way from Hardeby in
Lincolnshire to its final home in Westminster Abbey. Lincoln^
Orantham, Stamford, Oeddington, Northampton, Stony Stratford,
Dunstable, St. Albans, Waltham, and Charing — now Charing-cross,
in the heart of London — ^then a yillage between London proper and
the city of Westminster — ^had these pious memorials of wedded
loye. Only three now remain — Oeddington, Northampton, and
Waltham. Edward yindicates his honourable position on the right
hand of our Queen in the range of distinguished monarchs, by his
high character as a legislator — the law in his time haying, according
to Sir Matthew Hale — " QuaH per sdltum — obtained a yery great
perfection."

Statue h.

The fifth statue is that of Her Majesty our Gracious Queen
Victoria, of the events of whose reign little need be said by the
chronicler who writes for the day, because those events are within
living memory, and are recorded In the hearts of all her subjects*
Who does not know that it was —

" On a bright May mom
The rose that toppeth the world was bom"

— ^the 24th of this very month in which the noble pile honoured by
her effigy is opened. Many among us remember her a child-
princess riding her pony in the gardens of Eoyal Kensington —

•— — *' a blossom bright,
Worth the kiss of air and light ;
To her hea thyself a pleasure.
To the world a balm and treasure'* — -

More 8till remember her accession to the throne, and that Corona-
tion which stands out among such events, not for its pomp and its
grandeur, and the popular acclamation, but for the glow of heart-
felt loyalty and uniyersal loye which attended it ; and the sponta-
neous homage

" Not to Crowned Head, but to Crowned Heart."

Then came the wedding with Albert the Good— the Prince

" Who reverenced his conicience as his king ;
Whose glory was redressing hnman wrong ;
Who spake no slander, no, nor listen'd to it ;
Who loVd one only, and who clave to her.
Her— over all whose realms to their last isle,
Commingled with the gloom of imminent war,
The shadow of His loss moved like eclipse,
Darkening the world. "

SbtAtnt ht

The sixth Statue is that of Henry VII. He granted a Charter
to the town in 1495 " for choosing yearly for ever at the feast of
St. Michael, the^ recorder of Northampton and two burgesses, who
with the mayor for the time being are appointed Justices of the
Peace of the said town for ever, and they three or two of them, of
which the recorder is always to be one, have power to enquire into, ♦
hear and determine all felonies, trespasses, &c., committed within
the liberties. Herein also is a grant to the Corporation and their
successors for ever, of all fines, issues, <&c., forfeited before the said
Justices : and also a grant of two fairs yearly for ever, namely, on
the feast of St. George the Martyr and St. Hugh the Bishop, and
on the day next before and for six days next after each of the said
feasts.'* (Hartshome). In the 4th year of his reign Henry VII.
granted a Charter empowering the Mayors and his brethren late
Mayors, to name and choose forty-eight persons of the inhabitants
and to change them as often as to them should seem necessary;
which forty-eight persons, together with the Mayor and his brethren
and such as have been Mayors and Bailiffs should hereafter yearly
elect all the succeeding Mayors and Bailiffs, of the said town.
Before this period the Mayor and Bailiffs were elected by all the
freemen in St. Giles's Church Yard, the election being often
attended by tumults and quarrels. Lord Bacon says of Henry
VII. — " He was a comely personage, a little above just stature, well
and straight-limbed, but slender. His countenance was reverend
and a little like a Churchman. And as it was not strange or dark)
80 neither was it winning or pleasing, but as the face of one well
disposed. But it was to the disadvantage of the painter, for it was

best when he spake." " He was a Prince sad, serious, and full of
thoughts aud secret observations, and full of notes and memorials of
his own hand, especially touching persons As whom to employ,
whom to reward, whom to enquire of, whom to beware of, what were
tiie dependencies, what were the factions and the like ; keeping, as
it were, a journal of his thoughts. There is to this day a merry
tale that his monkey (set on, as it was thought, by one of his
chambers) tore his principal note-book all to pieces when by chance
it lay forth. Whereat the Court (which liked not those pensive
accounts) was almost tickled with sport." '^ He was affable, and
both well and fair spoken, and would use strange sweetness and
blandishments of word, where he desired to effect or persuade
anything that he took to heart. He was rather studious than
learned ; reading most books that were of any worth in the French
tongue. Yet be understood the Latin, as appeareth in that
Cardinal Hadrian and others, who could very well have written
French, did used to write to him in Latin. * * He did by
pleasures as great men do by banquets, come and look a little upon
them and turn away. For never Prince was more wholly given to
his affairs, nor in them more of himself. In so much, as in triumphs
of Jousts and Tourneys, and Balls, and Masks (which they then
called Disguises) he was rather a princely and gentle spectator
than seemed much to be delighted.*' Fabyan, who had lived in this
reign, thus sums up the virtues of the King : — " Thys magnyiycent
And excellent prynce Henry the VII. thus payed to deth his dette
of nature as before is sayd, of whome sufficient laude and prayse
cannot be put in writing considering the contynuall peace and
tranquylete whych he kept thys his lande and comons in with also
the Bubduying of his outward enymyes of the realms of Fraunce
and Scotland by hys greate polycy and wysedom more than by
shedyng of Cristen bloode or cruell warre. And ever ruled so
myghtly hys subjects and mynystered to thom such justice that
not only they loved and drad him, but all Crysten Princes hearing
of hys glorious fame were desyrous to have wyth hym amity and
aUiance. And for that he in all temporal polycies and provisions
exceeded all princes by his tyme reygning, dyvers popes as
Alexander the Syxte, Pius the III. and Julius the II. nowe beyng
pope, by their tymes, eyther of them sunderly wyth authority and
consent of their spyrytuall and divine counsayll elected, and chose
thys excellent prynce and admytted hym for chiefe defensour of
Chryste's Church before all other Crysten Prynces: and for a
confermacion of the same sent unto this invincyble prince by three
sundry famous ambassades, three swords and three cappes of
mayntenance. What might I write of the stedfaste contynency,

greate justice, and mercyfuU dealing of this Prince ? What might
I report of his excellent wisdom and most sugared eloquence, or of
his inmoyable patience and wonderful discretion ? Or what should
I tell of his most beautiful buildings and exceeding charges of
manifest reparations, and oyer all this of his exceeding treasure and
richesse innumerabyll ? But as who would say, to consider in
order all his notable acts would ask a long tract of tjme, with also
the liberal and sumptuous endowment of the Monastery of
Westmynster and other, to write. I mighte conclude that his acts
passed all the notable acts of his noble progenytours syne the
Conquest and may most congruly above all earthly princes be
lykened unto Solomon, King of the Israelites, and be called the second
Solomon for his great sapience and acts by him done his life's tyme
executed. All wyche premysses tenderly considered, every natural
Englishman now living hath cause and ought devoutly to pray for
the soule of this most excellent prynce Henry the YII. that he may
attayne that celestyall mansion which he and all trew Crysten soules
are inheritors thereunto, the which Gk)d hym graunt."

In considering Henry VII. in connection with a building of such
special architectural beauty as the new Town Hall, it may not be
amiss to remind the reader that with his reign Gothic architecture
reached its most florid and culminating point. There is no building
subsequent to his chapel at Westminster which does not exhibit
marked evidences of debasement.

SStatnt Ht

The seventh statue is that of Edward lY. His name is connec*
ted with a story as romantic as ever history, if not romance,
recorded. Edward, in the year 1464, in the fourth year of his reign,
began to consider of his marriage. "A strong alliance abroad,"
says Habington, ''was soon resolv'd most necessary, both for the
dignity and safety of his Crown ; and among all the Princesses
which that time gloried in, and of whom several were proposed to
his choice, viz., Margaret, daughter of the King of Scots, and
Isabel, sister of Henry IV., King of Castile ; the Lady Bona was
thought worthiest in respect of the excellence of her beauty, great,
ness of birth (as being daughter to Louis, Duke of Savoy,) and the
mighty marriage of her other sister Charlotte, with Louis XI.,
King of France, with whom she then was. This last consideration
being a main inducement, as by which all fear might be taken away
of a tempest from that coast whence Queen Margaret seem*d to
prepare a storm. To this negotiation the Earl of Warwick was
deputed as the fittest person^ both for his great faith to the King

and authority in the kingdom : who no sooner arrived at the French
Court where the young lady then resided in company of her sister,
but he was with all triumph entertained, and his motion heard with
joy and acceptation. But while Policy acted several parts abroad,
Love on the sudden changed the whole scene at home.*'

The young king (he was but 22) satisfied that his affairs were
going on prosperously under the zealous and able Warwick, was
taking his recreation, hunting in the forest of Whittlebury. The
manor of Orafkon was then held by the Earl Eivers, who had
married Jacquetts, Duchess of Bedford, and had a daughter
Elizabeth, the widow of Sir John Orey, who was slain at the battle
of St. Albans, in 1460, leaving two infiant sons. Sir John Grey
was a zealous Lancasterian, and his estates were confiscated by the
victorious Edward. Between Pury and Grafton parks there is a
hollow oak still existing known as the Queen's Oak, and thus runs
the tradition : — The widow, young and beautiful, hearing that the
king was hunting in the neighbourhood, determined to appeal to his
mercy on behalf of her children, and to implore the restoration of
the forfeited estates ; and awaited the chance of his coming, beneath
the oak in question. She was ignorant of the king's person, when
presently there came up one whom, from his unostentatious bearing,
she took to be one of his retinue, and whom she .entreated to direct
her to the king. The stranger was the king, and upon his
declaring himself to Lady Grey she fell on her knees and implored
his compassion. " The King," says Habington, " could not but
yield to any request made by so conquering a beauty, and presently
himself grew so earnest in soliciting her, though in a more unlawful
suit." She told him that she knew herself unworthy to be a
Queen, but she held her honour in too much respect to stand in any
other love-relation to him. We may imagine that the first inter-
view under the old oak tree was not the last, for the king can
hardly have determined at once upon a marriage which threatened
to involve him in many difficulties. But upon the marriage he did
ultimately determine, though his mother and friends strongly
represented to him the inequality of the allegiance, and the peril of
angering so potent a neighbour as King Louis, and so dangerous a
subject as "Warwick. Early on a May morning (the first of the
month) the King lefb Stony Stratford, where he was lodging, and
at Grafton the spousals were solemnized, " at which marriage," says
Eabyan, " was no person present but the spouse, the spousess, the
Duchess of Bedford her mother, the priest, two gentlewomen, and
a young man to help the priest sing." The marriage was kept
secret till the Michaelmas day following, when Elizabeth being led

by the Duke of Clarence in solemn pomp to tlie cbapel of the Abbey
of Beading, in Berkshire, was declared Queen, and received the
compliments of the nobility. Of the indignation with which
Warwick heard of this disregard of his mission, Shakespeare has
left us a graphic narratiye : —

Kara Lewis :
What ! has your king married the Lady Grey ?
And now to soothe your forgery and his
Sends me a paper to persuade me patience ?
Is this the aUiance that he seeks with France ?
Dare he presume to scorn us in this manner.

Wabwick :
King Lewis I here protest in sight of heaven,
And by the hope I have of heavenly bliss,
That I am clear frotti this misdeed of Edward's—
No more my king, for he dishonours me.
But most himself if he could see his shame.
Did I forget that by the house of York
My father came untimely to his death ?
Did I let pass th' abuse done to my neice ?
Did I impale him with the regal crown ?
Did I put Henry from his native right ?
And am I guerdon'd at the last with shame.
Shame on himself, for my desert is honour :
And to repair my honour lost for him
I here renounce him and return to Henry.

» • » ♦

I came from Edward as embassador,
But I return his sworn and mortal foe :
Matter of marriage was the charge he gave me,
But dreadful war shall answer his demand.
Had he none else to make a stale but me ?
Then none but I shall turn his jest to sorrow.
I was the chief that raised him to the crown.
And ril be chief to bring him down again.

Fuller suggests that Lady Grey was bom at Grafton, " in proof
whereof," he says, " many strong presumptions may be produced.
Sure I am if tlds Grafton saw her not first a child, it beheld her
first a Queen.'* He first child was a Princess of whom Fabyan
states that one of the King's physicians, one Master Dominick, had
predicted that the expected child would be a Prince, and by his
counsel accordingly, "great provision was ordained for christening
of the said Prince." The prophetic physician was naturally anxious
to be the first to bear to the King the tidings of the fulfilment of
his prophecy. " When he heard the child cry, he knocked or
called secretly at the chamber door, and frayned what the Queen
bad. To which it was answered by one of the ladies, Wbatsoeyer

the Queen's grace hath here within, sure it is that a fool standeth
there without. And so, confused with thi& answer, he departed
without seeing of the king for that time."

A word or two illustrative of the costumes of the time of Edward
lY. may not be without interest. In those days neither men nor
women were permitted to dress as they pleased. Certainly, if ever
sumptuary laws are justifiable, they were so to control the
absurdities which had become fashionable in the reign of Henry YI.
The shoes of those days had points at the toes half a foot long and
upwards, which were called poulaines ; the more wealthy personages
had them a foot long, and princes even two feet. Their jackets
were indecently short and padded at the shoulders. The ladies
wore head-dresses horned or heart shaped, or steeple capped,
something like what is called a " fool's cap " twisted out of a sheet
of paper. It was to check these absurdities that Edward lY., as
Stowe tells us, '* proclaimed throughout Eogland that the beaks or
pikes of shoone and boots should not pass two inches upon pain of
cursing by the clergy and forfeiting 20 shillings, to be paid, one
noble to the king, one other to the cordwainers of London, and the
third to the chamber of London, and for other cities and towns the
like order was taken. Before this time, and since the yeare of our
Lord 1382, the pikes of shooes and bootes were of such length that
they were faine to be tied up to their knees with chaines of silver
gilt, or, at the least, with silk laces." Another of these sumptuary
laws had been passed in the previous year, enacting that '' no man
or woman under the estate of a lord or lord's children should wear
any cloth of gold, apparel wrought with gold, furs of sables, &c. ;
that no yeoman or person under that degree wear in their array for
their bodies any bolsters of wool, cotton, or other stuff, or, in their
doublet, anything, save lining, equal to the outside." No person
was to wear gown, jacket, or cloak but of such length as the man
standing upright should cover his hips, nor any taylor to stuff or
bolster any garment as to make him shorter or otherwise than was
limited.

Eabyan cites, as an instance of the King's liberality, that in
the month of July, 1482, "the Eling rode on huntynge in the
forest of Waltham, whither he commanded the Mayor (of London)
with a certain of his brethren, to come and to give attendance
upon him, with certain commoners of the city ; where, when they
were coming, the King caused the game to be brought before them,
so that they saw course after course (it does not appear that they
were allowed to participate in the sport), and many a deer, both red
and fallow, to be slain before them. And after that goodly disport

was passed, the King commanded his officers to bring the Mayor
and bis company unto a pleasant lodge, made all of green boughs
and garnished with tables and other things necessary, where they
were set at dinner and served with many dainty dishes and of divers
wines good plenty, as white, red, and claret, and caused them to be
set to dinner or (before) he were served of his own ; and over that
caused the Lord Chamberlain, with other lords, to him assigned, to
cheer the said Mayor and his company sundry times while they
were at dinner, and at their departing gave unto them of venison
great plenty. And in the month of August following, the King, of
his great bounty, sent unto the Mayoress and her sisters. Alderman's
wives, two harts and six backs, with a ton of wine to drink with
the said venison ; the which venison and wine was had unto fche
Draper's Hall, to which place, at day assigned, the Mayor desired
the Aldermen and their wives, with sundry commoners, and there
the venison, with many other good dishes, were eaten, and the said wine
merely drunken. The cause of which bounty shewed by the King
was, as most men took it, for that the Mayor was a merchant of
wondrous adventures, into many and sundry countries, by reason
whereof the King had yearly of him notablo sums of money for his
customes, besides other pleasures that he had shewed to the King
beforetimes."

Edward confirmed the charter of 27 Edward I., and granted
among other things that the mayor shall be sworn into office in the
Guildhall, before the last mayor and recorder and four coroners, or
two of them, and not before the barons of the exchequer as
formerly.

The Eighth Statue — at the extreme eastern end of the building
— represents St. Michael, the patrOn saint of the town. It is a
noble figure, the Archangelic character being admirably imagined.
In the left-hand he holds a pair of scales, and in the right a fiaming
Bword, as the Angel of Judgment. The figure rises to the dignity
of the Archangel in Milton at the expulsion from Paradise : —

Nigh
The Archangel stood, and from the other hill
To their fix'd station, all in bright array
The Cherubim descended ; on the ground
GUding meteorous, as evening mist
Risen from a river o'er the marish glides,
And gathers round fast at the labourer's heels
Homeward returning. High in front advaneed
The brandish'd sword of God before them blazed
Fierce aa a comet ; which with torrid heat

And Tftpor m the Libyan air adnst
Began to parch that temperate clime ; whereat
In either hand the haet'ning Angel caught
Onr ling'zing pacente, and to the eastern gate
Led them d!reot» and down the diff as fast
To the subjected plain ; then disappeared.
They looking back, all th' eastern side behold
Of Paradise, so late their happy seat
WaVd over by that flaming brand, the gate
With drefdfid faces throng'd and fiery arms ;
Some natural tears they drop'd bot wip'd them soon ;
The world was all before them where to choose
Their place of rest, and Providence their guide :
They hand in hand with wand'ring steps and slow
Through Eden took their solitary way.

The statues stand on half piUars as brackets, the capitals of
which are beautifully wrought, and in some instances the foliage is
intennized with emblematic figures. Of that on the capital of
Saint Oeorge we have already spoken. That of Bichard the First
is adorned with a representation of the Minstrel Blonde! ; that of
Edward I. has St. Oeorge and the Dragon, in recognition of his
valour ; that of Her Majesty has a Lion reposing on our Island
rock| the emblem of bravery and endurance and strength in repose
but watchful. On the pillar of Edward lY. is a head of his Queen
Elizabeth, copied from her tomb. A cross is intermingled with the
foliage on the capital on which Michael the Archangel stands.

The heads of the arches of the four magnificent windows on
the lower floor are filled also with sculptures. Starting from the
western extremity, the group represents the marriage of Earl
Waltheof, Earl of Northumberland, with Judith, niece of William
the Conqueror. Waltheof or Wallef, as he is called in Domesday,
was the son of Siward, who had a surname imploving strong. He
was one of the bravest of the antagonists of William, and at the
battle of York had stood at the gate and had cut off the heads of
many Normans as they entered. Muscular in the arms, says
William of Malmesbury, brawny in the chest, tall and robust in his
whole person, he was a formidable enemy, but the very qualities
which made him so were such as were likely to commend him to the
Conqueror. When resistance became of no further avail, Waltheof
with many other nobles gave in his adhesion to the inevitable sway
of the Normans, and be became extremely intimate with the new
King. William sought to secure his support by assuring to him
his old honours and possessions, adding to them the Earldoms of
Northampton and Huntingdon. He also gave him in marriage

Judith, daughter of Count Enguerrand and Adeliza, sister to the
Conqueror. One is reluctant to throw a sorrow over a wedding, but
the subsequent history of Waltheof was but too much in accordance
with the barbarous and unsettled state of the times. In 1076
Waltheof was charged with being concerned in a conspiracy, and
" although," says Stow, " Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury, his
confessor, affirmed him to be free from the conspiracy and faction,
and that if it chanced him to die in that case, he should for his
innocency be counted a martyr, yet his most wicked wife, coyeting
to be married anew, did most heinously hasten the death of her
husband. Certain Normans also, gaping after his Earldoms, namely,
of ^Northampton and Huntingdon, and John Talboys, Earl of
Angew, most greedy to make those lands and tenements his own by
bloodshedding, this innocent and harmless man was beheaded with-
out the city of Winchester in the month of May. . • Judith
Earl Waltheof s widow, after the decease of her husband, with her
two daughters had the lordship of Huntingdon giyen to her in the
name of a dowry, and there made their abode until such time as
the King was willing to marry her to a knight bom in Erance
named Simon Sjlvaticus or Seintliz . . unto whom the King>
gave the town of Northampton and the hundred of Fackeley
(Fawsley). He builded the castle of Northampton and also the
Abbey of St. Andrew there. The King would have given unto him
Judith the widow of Earl Waltheof, but she refused him because
that he halted on the one leg ; in wrath whereof King William
bestowed upon him the whole Honour of Huntingdon, and so was
he called Earl of Northampton and of Huntingdon." We may
add that he gave him also the hand of Judith's eldest daughter
Matilda, and sixteen houses in Northampton, part of her possessions

The next group represents Henry II. granting the first Charter
to the Town at the celebrated Council 1164i. No copy of this
Charter exists, but there is reason to believe that it was identical, or
nearly so, with the subsequent one of Eichard I.

The third records the granting the Charter of Incorporation by
Henry VI.

The Fourth, Edward the First fixing on the site of Queen's
Cross. The King in person gives instructions to the architectt

Before we enter the Vestibule let us draw attention to the
sculptures which inform with life, as it were, the capitals of the
jambs of the upper windows. The whole front indeed may be said
to be animated. Everywhere there is appropriate thought and
poetical imagination. Among the foliage of the first jamb (to the
west) is a monkey running away with a kitten, to the dismay of the
cat looking on ; on the right is the fable of " The Cock and the
Jewel." On the capital of the third window will bo found a donkey
bent upon suicide over a precipice, with his unfortunate owner
holding on to his tail. The more the man pulls the more the
donkey urges himself on to destruction. A wilful beast will have
his own way. On the right jamb of the same window is the fable
of the miller, his son, andtheir ass — the warning against the vanity
of attempting to please everybody. In the fourth window are
dragons fighting. St, G-eorge and the Lion having driven all evil
together, it remains for one to fight against the other. On the fifth
window, a lion attacks a horse, and on the seventh is the fable of
the Fox and the Grapes.

Bringing our attention now to the four lower windows and the
piers by which they are separated : on the capital of the extreme
western pier are figures representing the needful industry of the
Smith. A man shoes a horse, and another makes the next shoe.
On the second capital is Shooting. On the third is a Merry
Hunting. On the fourth pier, (omiting, for the nonce, the pillars
at the entrance to the Vestibule, to which we return presently)
there is a Eace for the Town Plate. Next to that comes " Q-ame,"
and at the eastern extremity comes that industry, equally needful
with that of the man who shoes the horse, of the man who shoes his
fellow men." Here we see the craft busy in all the processes which
have given a character to the trade of Northampton. One man is
occupied with awl and bristle, sewing, another is paring off, a third
is engaged with the lap-stone, and a fourth is "clicking."

Returning to the Vestibule entrance, the two entrance pillars
are dedicated appropriately to Justice and Mercy. In front of the
capital of the former (the left hand pillar) is the figure of Justice
holding a pair of scales ; on the West is the Saviour administering
to the Pharisee the fine rebuke in reply to the question — " Is it
lawful to pay tribute to CsBsar ? or not ?" — " Eender to C»sar the
things that are Cs^B»v%ajii to God the things that are God's/'

On the North side k the cutting down of the Barren Fig Tree *
and on the East, Adam and Eye driyen out of Paradise. All these
designs, be it observed, are illustrative of the attribute of Justice.
The pillar on the right hand, symbolizing Mercy, has in front of the
capital a figure representative of Mercy breaking the sword of
Justice across her knee: on the West side is the Prodigal Son
receiving the embrace of his Father ; on the North is a man
reaping as the opposite to the destruction of the barren fig tree ;
on the East is the embodiment of that saying of the Saviour —
*^ What man shall there be among you that shall have one sheep,
and if it fall into a pit on the Sabbath day, will he not lay hold on
it, and lift it out." Within the Vestibule are clustered pillars of
four each on either hand, the capitals most daintily carved with the
foliage of the cherry tree, which was greatly cultivated in North-
amptonshire in the Middle Ages. But even these are not left with
this graceful adornment only. On the capital of the left pillar are
illustrations of the building trade. A labourer is getting out the
foundations, a mason is fashioning the stone, a carpenter is sawing
the timber, and a plumber lays the lead on the roof. On the right
hand pillar St. Crispin, the patron saint of the "gentle craft,"
is preaching : a butcher skins a calf, as indicating the source of the
needful material ; a blocker is busy with a boot; and, finally, there
is a shoe shop — such as we may conceive Northampton in the
Middle Ages to have exhibited, with the salesman ready to supply
the customer with every variety. On the third pillar on the left
had, a girl squeezes grapes into a goblet, typical of Intemperance or
**Excesse."

'* Id her left hand a cup of gold she held,

And with her right the riper fruit did reach.
Whose sappy liquor that with fnlhiess sweU'd
Into her cap she scmz*d, with dainty breach
Of her fine fingers."— Sfekseb

"Liberality^' gives money with his left hand, turning aside
that the right may not know what the left hand doth. The opposite
attribute is a Miser grasping his money bags, and on the East side
Temperance is represented by an armed Knight and a Palmer.
The right hand capital is devoted to the Arts. There are an
architect with plan and compasses, a painter at his easel, a sculptor
chiselling out a statue, and a worker in metals. In the West
corner, adjoining a door which leads to the Town Clerk's office, is a
pillar on the capital of which is a figure of a Volunteer of 1796.
On the corresponding pillar on the East side, adjoining a door
which leads to the office of the Clerk of the Peace, a similar
compliment is paid to a Bifle Volunteer of 1864. Over this door-

way ia sculptured a threshing bam and the adjuncts of fowls and
adjuncts of fowls and pigs; and oyer the western doorwaj is a
grape gathering, typical of the month (October) when the first
stone was laid.

There are sculptured groups both on the east and west walls of.
the vestibules representative of Parliaments held in Northampton.
The first on the west « wall represents Henry the Third's first
Parliament (1265;) the second, Edward the Second's great Parlia-
ment of 1307. On the east the first group of Bicbard the Second's
last Parliament, in which the second statue of Northampton was
enacted; and the second, Edward the Third's Parliament, in which
the first statue of Northampton was enacted.

On either side of the Doorway on the North wall is a sculpture
also. That on the West side represents the first Danish invasion.
It is a spirited and masterly bit of work. A Danish vessel, with
the Baven at the prow, is pulling towards the shore. All the
figures are in vigorous action ; the rower pulls, as the rower surely
did pull on that occasion, with the determination of one who has
before him conquest or death. The Barbaric time is well repre-
sented, and the whole sculpture is earnest and vraisemblant. The
Eastern sculpture is in admirable contrast. It is a Danish invasion
too, but the invasion not of the Black Baven, but of a royal
maiden radiant in beauty, who effected a completer conquest of the
Elingdom then was ever effected by her warlike ancestors. The
Princess Alexandra is landing, assisted by the Prince of Wales, and
welcomed by the authorities. The group is treated with great
ability, and the likenesses of both the Prince and Princess are
instantly recognizable. These two relievi are the work of Mr*
Nichols, of Hercules Buildings, Lambeth.

Ei^e (Svmtt SiUittMt.

Entering the corridor by the great gates, which in their
massiveness have a thoroughly medi»val aspect, we turn almost
immediately to the left up a fiight of stairs, the conception and
accomplishment of which render them among the daintiest and
loveliest features of the building. The character of the vaulting,
arch above arch, is beyond imagination beautiful. At the landing
are two windows, one corresponding with the lower and the other
with the upper fiight of stairs* It is difficult to give an idea of the

architectural character of these windows, which have a kind of
casing, and are divided by disengaged pillars with shafts of coloured
marble. In each compartment there is a painting of a subject
taken from the "Idylls of the King," Alfred Tennyson's noble epic.
The first is jfrom the Idyll of " Enid," where Queen Guinevere had
clothed Enid " for her bridals like the sun." The second is from
the Idyll of " Vivien," in the " wild woods of Broceliande " :—

" Then lay she aU her length, and kis8*d hia feet,
Ab if in deepest reverence and in love.
A twist of gold was round her hair ; a robe
Of samite without price, that more exprest
Than hid her, clang about her lissome limbs,
In colour like the satin-shining palm
On sallows in the windy gleams of March :

• ♦ * » »

* * and letting her left hand
Droop from his mighty shoulder, as a leaf.
Made with her right a comb of pearl to part
The lists of of such a beard as youth gone out
Had left in ashes ; then he spoke and said,

Not looking at her, * Who are wise in love,
Love most, say least.* " ,

The left hand compartment in the second window is from the
Idyll of "Elaine :—

" Elaine the fair, Elaine the loveable,
Elaine, the lily maid of Astolat. '*

She has discovered the retreat of Lancelot, sore wounded in the
tourney, and she takes to him the prize which he had won and left
unclaimed : —

** And when they gained the ceU in which he slept,
His battle-writhen arms and mighty hands
Lay naked on the wolfskin, and a dream
Of dragging down his enemy made them move.
Then she that saw him lying unsleek, unshorn,
Gaunt as it were the skeleton of himself,
TJtter'd a little tender dolorous cry.
The seund, not wonted in a place so still,
Woke the sick knight, and while he roU'd his eyes
Yet blank from sleep, she started to him sa3^ng,
' Your prize the diamond sent you by the king.*
His eyes glisten'd : she fancied ' is it for me ? '
And when the maid had told him all the tale
Of king and prince, the diamond sent, the quest,
Assign'd to her not worthy of it, she knelt
Full lowly by the corners of his bed
And laid the diamond in bis open hand.
Her face was near, and as we kiss the child
That does the task at^sign^d, he kiss'd her face. "

In the fourth picture the subject is from the Idyll of
" Guinevere." The Queen has fled, upon the discovery of her

guilty loTe for Lancelot, to the holy house at Almesbury, and King
Arthur comes to her there, seeing her for the last time : —

A mormaring whiBper through the mmnery ran,
Thenonftsudden, aery, 'the King!* Shesat
Stiff Btrioken, listening ; bnt when armed feet
Through the long gallery from the outer doon
Bang coming, prone from off her seat she fell,
And groTell'd with her face against the floor :
There with her milk-white^arms and shadowy hair
She made her face a darkness from the King :
And in the darkness heard his armed feet
Pause by her ; then came silence, then a voice,
Monotonous and hollow like a ghost's
S Denouncing judgment, but tho' changed, the King's.
• * * * •

He paused, and in the pause she crept an inch
Nearer, and laid her hands about his feet.**

In the quatrefoils with which the head of each compartment
is pierced, are the heads of various Knights of the Bound Table, —
Sir Oalahad, Prince Gtiwain, Sir Perceval, and Sir Modred ; and in
the cinquefoil in the head of each window are represented Arthur
slaying the dragon and Arthur finding the crown of a king slain by
his brother in the glen in '' the trackless realms of Ljonnesse. "

" And Arthur came and labouring up the pass
All in a misty moonshine, unawares
Had trodden that crown*d skeleton and the skull
Brake from the nape, and from the skull the crown
Boiled into light, and turning on its rims.
Fled like a glittering rivulet to the tarn :
And down Uie shingly scaur he plunged and caught
And set it on his head, and in his heart
Heard murmurs, ' Lo, thou likewise shalt be King.' "

These windows were paid for by subacription by the ladies,
whose names are recorded on a brass plate.

The stairs lead to a corridor, at whose southern extremity is the
Council Chamber, a gem in the building. It is lighted by three
windows : the floor is of parqueterie : there is a fire-place at each
end — east and west, highly ornamental, with pediments on which are
sculptured shields, the western one charged with the town arms ;
the eastern is at present blank. Over the fire-places are figures in
masterly outline, one of a man reaping, representative of Summer,
with a quotation from Proverbs : — " He that gathereth in summer
is a wise son ;" the other of an old man cowering over a pot of fire,
at which he warms bis hands. Beside him is a vesssl on which is
the word " Sack.'' He symbolizes Winter, and has a quotation

from Spenser

" Numb'd with holding all the day

An hatchet keen with which he felled wood. **

Leaving the council chamber and taming short to the right,
there is a room called, we believe, the Royal Boom, from which
there is an admirable coup d*(Bil of the Great Hall, through the
pierced head of one of the arches of the arcade. This will be the
room devoted to the Sovereign, if royalty should ever honour the
hall with its presence.

Eeturning to the corridor, a door on the right opens into the
** Mayor's Tribune," a gallery on the west side of the e;reat hall
exclusively for the Mayor and his family. On the left are doors
opening into the grand jury gallery, and a gallery for the use of the
public at Sessions and other public occasions when the hall may be
occupied. In this gallery are the shields, formerly in the small
room at the old Town Hall, inscribed with the names of the Mayors
of the town from the year 1421.

The pictures, also, formerly in the old Town Hall, are hung in
this corridor, or in the Upper Museum Room, viz. : — Portraits of the
Right Hon. Spencer Perceval, M.P. lor Northampton and Prime
Minister, who was assassinated, in 1812, by a madman named
Bellingham, in the lobby of the House of Commons. The portrait
of Sir Thomas White, Lord Mayor of London in 1556, who left to
Northampton, Coventry, and other places, the benefaction known as
Sir Thomas White's Loans for the assistance of young tradesmen,
of £100 for nine years, without interest. A portrait, but of whom
the record has unfortunately been lost. The portrait of Richard
White, Mayor in 1677-8 and 1678^9 who also bequeathed charities
to the town. A portrait of the town crier in 1618, who, amongst
his other qualifications for his office, had a voice so powerful that it
could be heard, according to tradition, a couple of miles. The name
of this worthy has, unfortunately, not been handed down to posterity,
although his age (79) is inscribed on the picture. He is habited in
a loose robe lined with red, furred at the wrist, and with a badge on
his left arm of the Town Arms. In his right hand he carries a staff,
and in his left the bell which, if the report as to his voice be true,
he must have borne for ornament rather than use.

Descending into the lower corridor, on the left is the Session
Court, which is surrounded with lower and upper arcades. Of the
upper arcade the five arches on the west and north are lights with
quatrefoil lights in the head ; they are blind on the east, and on the
south open to the gallery already spoken of as for the use of the
public. The dais for the recorder and magistrates is on the south,
and at the back of the recorder's seat is a lovely doorway opening
into the magistrates' retiring room. Upon ^ pediment over the doo^r

is a Bhield enclosed in a circle, charged with the Boyal arms. The
doorway is square-headed, with a curve at the angles enriched with
sculptures representing the old couplet of

" Tbe Lion and the Unicom fighting for the Grown ;
The Lion beat the Unicom all round the Town."

The Eecorder's Chair, which is elaborately carved, was presented to
the Corporation by Messrs. Smith Brothers, Q-old street.

The lower arcade is open on the south side, and carries the
gallery above.

On the east side of the corrider doors open into the great Hall,
of the beauty of which no words can convey an idea. At the south
end is the dais ; at the Dorth a Mintrels' gallery, which has a trefoil-
headed arcade in front, of exceeding elegance, the shafts being of
coloured marble. Two figures of St. Cecilia and a singing girl adorn
the sides of the alcove.

An arcade runs round the Hall, and above, east and west, are
sixteen circular windows of stained glass. The spandrels of the
roof are pierced with tracery, and the the colours of the windows,
seen through the openings, have the effect of gems. The central
arch of the south arcade is, as we have already observed, opened in
head, so as to form an outlook from the Boyal Chamber. In the
semi-circular space above is an outline, in the medieval manner, of
Moses, veiled as when he came down from the Mount, through
whom Divine Law was conveyed to man. On the corresponding
space at the northern end is a figure of King Alfred, as the origin-
ator of English law. The colouring of this room, which is an unique
masterpiece of harmonious decoration, in the style of the building^
was erected from designs by the architect, by Messrs. Q-reen and
King, of London. The windows were the work of Messrs. Heaton,
Butler, and Bayne.

The Shields round the Hall are charged with the Arms of — The
Queen and the late Prince Consort ; The Archbishop of Canterbury ;
The Bishop of Peterborough ; The JVl arquess of Northampton ; The
High Sheriff; Sir Thomas Langham ; Edward IV. impaling Wood-
ville ; Edward I. impaling Castile ; Sir Thomas White ; Pickering
Phipps, Esq., the Mayor who laid the first Stone ; The Eecorder, J.
H. Brewer, Esq.; The present Mayor, Mark Dorman Esq.; The
Town ; The Lord Lieutenant, the Marquis of Exeter ; The Prince
of Wales.

There are, we need hardly say, other rooms in the building for
various uses — a Museum and Beading Boom, for example — all good,
and bearing evidence of conscientious work and an artistic mind,
but without the decoration which belongs to those we haye described
as the more important parts of the structure.

SERMON

UPON THB WORl>

MALT.

The Text of Three MS. Versions

ov
THE SERMON ON THE WORD

MALT.

( 2 )

[British Museum, Sloane MS. 3l6g,Jf. 21b to 22b.]

An Extempore Sermon
P'ched att y* request of two Schollers (by a Lover of
Xle) out of a hollow Tree.

Beloved,
Let mee crave yo' attenton ; for I am a Little Man,
come att a short warning, to preach a breife Sermon,
vpon a Small subiect, to a thin Congregaton, in an
vnworthy pulpit.

And now my beloved my text is Malt. Which
I cannot devide into Sentences because it is none,
nor into words it being but one, nor into Syllables
because (upon the whole matter) it is but a monosyllable
therefore I must (as necessity enforces mee) divide it
into Letters w** I find in my text to be only these
foure M. a. 1. t.

M my beloved is Morrall

A is Allegoricall

1 is Litterall and

T is Theologicall

The morall is well set forth to teach you Drunkards
good manners wherefore

M my Masters.

A all of you

L listen

T to my text

( 3 )

The AUegoricall is when one thiuge is spoken of, &
a-nother thinge is meant now the thing spoaken of is
bare Malt, but the thing meant is stronge beer w***
you Rusticks make

M meat

A apparrell

L Liberty &

T treasure

The Litterall is according to the Letter

M much

A Ale

L Little

T thrift much Ale little thrift.

The Theologicall is according to y* Effects w** it
works, w*'^ I find in my text to be of twoe kinds, !•* in
this world 2^y in y* world to come

In this world y* effects w®^ it works are

In some M Murther

in others A Adultery

in some L loosnes of Life

in others T treason

In y* world to come

In some M misery
in others A anguish
in some L languishing
in others T torment

( 4 )

Wherefore my first use sbalbe £xhortatdn

M my Masters

A all of you

L leaue

T tippling

or else secondly by way of Comminatdn I say

M my Masters

A all of you

L look for

T torment

Soe much for this tyme & text, only by way of
Cauton take this,

A Drunkard is an Annoyance of modesty, the trouble
of Civility, y« Spoyle of wealth, the destructon of Reason,
the Brewers Agent, y* Alehouses benefacto', the Beggers
Companion, the Constables trouble, his wifes woe, his
Childrens sorrow, his neighbours ScofF, his owne shame, a
wakeing-S will-tub, the picture of a beast, & the monster
of a man.

Say-well & doe-well end both w**» a Letter
Say-well is good, but doe-well is better.

I i )

TI.

[British Musbum, Sloane MS. 619, f, 43.]

At a certain time there was a minister invited to preach
at a Country P'ish Church & takeing an occasion to
reproue Drunkards called them by Opprobrious names as
Malt Wormes, &c.

Some of them disliking of it did Conclude therupon if
they could fitly doe it to beate him ; It chanced not long
after this minister haueing occasion to Travaile that Way
mett these Parishoners Comeing out of an Alehouse
who threatened him & pulld him off his horse, & told
him hee must there make a Sermon & they would give
him a text ; And his text should bee malt.

Hee thinking fitter then to yeild to them then to
contend with men in that Case began his sermon in this
wise.

Take Notice that the Text is

MALT.

There is noe preaching without a division k this text
cannot well bee devided into many parts^ because it is but
one word.

Nor into many Sillables because it is a mony sillable 5
It must therfoie bee devided into Letters & they are
foure M. a. 1. 1. These rep' sent the four interp'tations
that wee divines do often use. M. Morall. A. Ale-
goricall. L. Litterall & T. Trophologicall.

( 6 )

M. Morall the morrall interp'tation is put first to teach
you boisterous men some good manners at Least in
stirring up yo' attention to the Sermon

M. Masters, A. All, L. listen, T. to the Text.

A. Allegoricall. The Allegory is when one thing is
Spoken & another thing is meant.

The thing Spoken of is malt the thing meant is the
Oyle of Malt, com 'only called Ale which to you Drunk-
ards is so p'cious that you count it to bee M. meatej
A armo', L libertye, T treasure.

L. Literall the Literall Sense as it hath been often
heard of hertefore it is still true according to the Letter.
M. much. A. ale. L. litle. T. thirst.

T. the Tropho-Logicall Sence is in this world, or in the
world to come. The thing here Spoken of is the oyle of
Malt Ale which worketh in Some of you and Causeth
M. murder. A adultery, & it maketh all of you to bee
L looseliuers & many T Traitors.

That w*** herafter followeth both in this world & the
world to Come is M. misery. A, anguish, L. lam-
entation, T. Trouble.

I should now make Conclusion that So you might
Escape those Dangers, but I have noe hope to p'vaile
because

I plainly See by my Text as it plainly telleth mee it is
M to A y* is a thousand to one you will neuer amende
because all Drunkards are Such as L. Hue, T. Theeues.

( 7 )

III.

[Bodleian Library^ Ashm. MS, 826,/. 102.]

Certaine Drunkards, retorning from a merry
meeting at a Country Alehouse, by the way
overtooke a Preacher: who in a Sermon, he had
lately made against Drunkenes, amongst other
bitter reproofes, (as the sweete Lyquore fellowes
construed it) had tearmed them MaH-Wormes.
wherefore they agreed to take him, & by violence
compell him to preach them a Sermon, appointing
him his.Theame to be

MALT.

Preacher

There is noe Teaching w*^out a Division. This Theame
canot well be divided into many parts, because it is but
one word ; nor yet into Sylables, as being a Mono-sillable.
It must therefore be parted into foure Letters, & those
being MALT: doe forme y'' word Malt, my Theame.

Theis foure Letters, represent foure distinct Interpreta-
cons, w*^ we Divines doe much vse 5 first M : Morall,
secondly A: Allegoricall, thirdly L: Litterall, fourthly
T : Tropologicall.

The Morall is fittly placed first, if not to teach rude
boysterous fellowes good Manners ; yet at least to procure
your peaceble attencon to y* Sermon, wherefore,
M : Masters, A : all, L : listen, T : to theame.

( 8 )

An Allegory is, when one thing is spoken & another i

thing ment y« thing here spoken is of Malt, the thing
meant is the oyle of Malt, w*"* to the Drunkards is soe
pretious, as that they account M : their Meate, A : their
Ale, L : their Liberty, T : their Treasure.

Their litterall sence, hath ever byne found sutable to
the Theame, & confirnaed by Beggerly Experience
M : A : L : T : much Ale, little Thrift.

The Tropologicall, is manifested by the effect in fiie
humor predominant, stirring up in some M : Murther, in
others A : Adultery, in most L : loose living, and in others
some T : Trechery, and Consequently M : Misery,
A : Anguish, L : Lamentation, T : Tribulation.

For Conclusion, I doe seriously exhort you all vnto
Repentance, & amendment of lyfe, y* soe you may
escape the penalty due to such swinish livers ; but I much
feare 3^* I loose my labour 5 my Theme shewing that it is
M : to A : a Thousand pounds to a Pott of Ale, if
I : K : L : one Knave of Fifty, will ever L : T : leave to
love potting.

Neverthelesse, in regard of the discharge of my dutifull
Love unto you, my dearely beloved Brethren, I doe
againe & againe, exhort you one thing ^ M : mend,
A : and L : leave T : tipling.

By this tyme the Ale, and his perswasion soe wrought,
9S they fell asleepe^ and the Preacher closely, crept away.

( 9 )
The Second Part of

Old Mr. DOD's Sayings.

BEfore he was married^ he could fcarce
maintain himfelf, his Living being but
fmall^ and thereupon he was thinking how
* he ihould do to maintain a Wife and Chil-
dren j but looking « out of his Study- Win-
dow^ he faw a Hen and Chickens fcratching
for their Living, when he considered. That
the Hen did but live before, and had nothing
to fpare, and fhe had as much with that
great Family. § Upon a Time, when an
Afflidion was upon him, which went to his
Heart, and under the Burthen thereof he
wept J yet when he faw that it was the Will
of God, faid he, to one whom he loved, I
will go and blefs God, for I believe this will
be for my Good § He was of a weaned
Difpofition from the World, and he laboured
to wean others. He put this Difference
between rich and poor Chriftians, That for
poor Chriftians, their Father kept the Purfe,
but the rich keep the Purfe in their own
Hands 3 but it did often fall out, that it is
better that the Purfe is in their Father's
Hands than theirs. § He ufed to compare
wicked Men to Waves in the Sea ^ thofe of
great Eftate were great Waves, those of
fmall Eftate fmall Waves 3 but that all were

( lo )

as refUefs as Waves. § To a Friend of his^
that was raiied from a mean Eflate to much
worldly Greatnefs^ he fent Word, That this
was but as if he fbould go out of a Boat in-
to a Ship, and that he fhould remember,
that while he was in this World, he was
upon the Sea. ^ Having preached out of that
Text, ' O Woman, great is thy Faith ! be
it unto thee even as thou wilt,' He invited
fome Women to Dinner^ and told them. It
was an ufual Saying, ' Let a Woman have
her Will, and then fhe'll be quiet ' Now the
Way for a Woman to have her Will, is to
get a fbx)ng Faith, and pray as the Woman
did in the Grospel. § He ufed to marvel what
the Vocation of fome was, who were fo ea-
ger for Recreations, and fay. If we fhould
come into a Houfe, and fee many Phyfick-
Boxes and Glalfes, we fhould conclude fome-
body was iick; fo, when we fee Hounds
and Hawks, Cards and Dice, we may fear
there is fome iick Soul in the Family § He
ufed to fay. If it were lawful to envy any,
he would envy thofe that turned to Grod in
their Youth, whereb f they efcaped much
Sin and Sorrow, an i were like Jacob, that
flole away the Bleiiings betimes. || Some
riotous Gentlemen dining at the Table of a
worthy Gentleman, were flarved in the
Midfi of a Feaflj becaufe refraining from

( " )

Swearing (Meat and Drink to them) in the
Preience of Mr. Dod: One after Dinner
fairly confeffed, that he thought it had been
impoilible for him to forbear Oaths for fuch
a Time: Hereat Mr. Dod fell into a perti-
nent and feafonable Discourfe, of what
Power Men have more than they know of
themfelves to refrain from Sin^ and how ac-
tive God*s refhtiining Grrace would be in us
to bridle us from Wickednefs, were we not
wanting to ourfelves. || His Preaching was
fo iearching, that fome fuppofed he had In-
formers to tell him of Mens Aftions> becaufe
he touched them fo clofe: He anfwered,
that the Word was fearching, and that if
he was ihut up in a dark Vault, where none
could come at him, yet allow him but a
Bible and Candle, he would preach as he
did. II He ufed to fay. That Affliaions were
God's Potions, which we might fweeten by
Faith and Prayer; but we for the moft
Part make them bitter, putting into Grod's
Cup the ill Ingredients of our own Impa-
tience and unbelief. || He told ibme of his
Friends, That if he was to pafs Sentence
who was a rich Man, he would not look
into his Purie or Cheft, to fee how much
Silver or Gold 3 but he would look into his
Heart, what Promifes were treafured up
there 3 for we count him rich, who is rich

( " )

in Bonds and the pleading the Promifes is the
fuing of the Bonds. § He would fay that was
well which ended everlaftingty well, and that
was HI which ended everlaftingly III. § That a
Man was never undone till in Hell. || Speaking
about going to Law, his Opinion was. That it
was better to buy Love than Law 5 for one might
have a great Deal of Love for a little, where-
as he could have but a little Law for a great
Deal. II Being to advife a young Man in the
Choice of a Yoke-Fellow, he bid him look princi-
pally after Godlinefs. Men talk of a Portion 5
Grace is the beft Portion: The wife Woman
buildeth up the Houfe^ that is, the godly Wo-
man, not the rich. || He was much given to
Hofpitality, and when he had invited a great
many, fo that his Wife would begin to doubt of
her Provifion, when fo many were come, he would
ufually Say, Better want Meat than good Com-
pany. II When hi faw a true Chriftian look fad,
he would ufe that Speech which Jonadab did to
Amnon, Thou art a King's Son. || He would
fay to thofe that complained of Loffes and CrolTes,
that which Eliphaz faid to Job, Do the Confo-
lations of God feem fmall to you ? Grod hath ta-
ken away your Children, your Goods; but he
hath not taken away himfelf, nor Chrill, nor his
Spirit nor Heaven, nor eternal Life. || He
advised Hulbands and Wives, that when either
of them were in a Paffion, they ihould not anfwer

( 13 )

Paffion forPaffion^ but with Com-paffion. || Wbeo
his Servant came to vifit him in a Morning, he
would fay. Have you been with God to blefs him
for your Sleep this Night ? He might have made
your Bed your Grave. || Being at Holmby-Houfe,
and invited by an Honourable Perfonage to fee
that ftately Building, ereded by Sir Chrillopher
Hatton, he defired to be excufed, and to fit ftill
looking on a Flower in his Hand, giving this
Realon : I fee more of God in this Flower, than
in all the beautiful Edifices in the World. || The
Soldiers coming to his Houfe in the Time of the
late Wars, and having taken mofi of the Linen
and Houfhold Stuff, bringing them down into
the Room where Mr. Dod was fet warming him by
the Fire-Side, he, in their Abfence out of the
Room, in fearching for more, took a Pair of Sheets,
and clapped them under the Cufhion whereon he
lat, much pleafing himfelf, after their Depar-
ture, that he had plundered the Plunderers, and
by a lawful Felony, faved fo much of his own
to himielf. || He always expe6ted Troubles, and
prepared himfelf for them 3 and put this Dif-
ference betwixt the Affliftions for which we are
prepared and others, that the one are Blows on
the Harnefs, and the others are Blows upon the
Fleih. II He ufed to compare Rebukes, uttered in
a Pafiion, to fcalding Potions, which the Patients
could not take down 3 and his Opinion was, that
if we would do to others, we fliould labour for

( 14 )

Meeknefi of Wifdom^ whereby we may be enabled to uf
foft Words and hardAiguments. || In the Beginning of the
Wars^ when many good People came unto him, being^af-
frighted with the Soldiers, he encouraged them ufing this
Speech, That if a Houfe was full of Rods^ what need the
Child fear, when none of them could move without the
Father's Hand ? And the Lord was a loving Father, and
Eftate and Life were all at his Difpoial II When afterwards
fome Soldiers came to his Houie, and threatened to knock
him on the Head, he anfwered with Confidence, That if
they did, they ihould fend him to Heaven, where he longed
to be : But they could do nothing without Grod's Leave, ||
When the Soldiers broke open his Chefts and Cupboards, and
plundered him of his Goods, he faid to a Friend of his,
that he would not do them that Honour to fay. That they
had taken aught from him, but it was the Lord, alledging
that of Job, who. when he was fpoiled by the Sabaeans and
Chaldaeans, yet did not fo much as name the Inib:uments,but
faid. The Lord hath given, and the Lord hath taken away.
II He would fay, he hat could anfwer two Queflions well,
might have Comfort in any Place or Condition, viz. Who
am I ? and What do I here ? Am I a Child of God ? and
am I in my Calling and Way ? He hath given his Angels
Charge to keep thee in all thy Ways. || He ufed to fay. That
the Knowledge of two Things would make one willing to iuf-
fer or to die, viz. What Heaven is, and that it is mine*
Yes, iaid one if a Man was fure. To whom he anfwered.
Truly, Affurance is to be had 5 and what have we been
doing all this while ? || He ufed to fay, they that hope
to go to Heaven (as moil do) and have not Evidence for
it, were like to a Man, that by pafiing by fome great Houfe
or Eflate, would fay, this is mine ; but being bid to {how
his title, would fay, fomebody mufl have it 5 and why not
I ? Such is many Men's Title to Heaven.

( is )

A goodly Minifter being in a Confumption, came to
Alhby, not far from Fawlly, to have the Help of Mr.
Dod*s Counfels and Comforts : He was much oprrelTed with
Melancholy, and, a little before his Death, asked Mr Dod,
What will you fay to me, that am going out of the World,
and can find no Comfort ? To whom he faid. What will you
fay of our Saviour, who, when he was going out of the
World, found no Comfort, but cried out. My God, my
Grad, why haft thou forfaken me ? This Speech much re-
frefhed the Mintfter, a little before he went to his heavenly
Inheritance. || Being ftricken in Years, he ufed to compare
himfelf unto Sampfon, when his Hair was cut off: I arife
in the Morning, fays he, as Sampfon did, and think I will
go out as at other Times : Go watch, ftudy, and ride, as
when a young Man : Bnt, alas ! he quickly found an
Alteration, and fo did I -, who muft ftoop to Age, who
hath dipt my Hair, and taken away my Strength. || In
the 63rd Year of his Age he had a Fever, in which there
was little Hopes of his Life : The Phyfician feeing fome
Signs of his Recovery, faid to him, in the Prefence of
divers Friends. Now I hope you will recover. To whom
Mr. Dod anfwered. You think to comfort me by this, but
you make my Heart fad : It is as if you fhould tell one that
hath been fore Weather-beaten on the Sea and conceived
that he was arrived at an Haven where he longed to be,
that he muft go back again, that he may be toffed with new
Winds and Waves. 1 1 He called Death the Friend of Grace,
though it was an Enemy to Nature 5 and whereas the Word,
Sacraments, and Prayer do only weaken Sin Death kills
it. II He would often say in his Sicknefs, I am not afraid to
look at Death in the Face. I can fay. Death where is ths
Sting ? Death cannot hurt me. He fpake how Death way
a fweet Sleep to a Christian 5 adding, That if Parents
ihould tell little Children, who bad played all the Day,

( I6 )

that they muft go to Bed, thej would be ready to cry ;
but a labouring Man's glad when Night comes that he
may go to Reft: Thus wicked Men Des^jkh is unwel-
come to but a Child of Grod, who hath laboured and
fuflered, is glad when Death comceh, that he may refl
from his Labour.

FINIS.

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THE ALTHOBP LIBRARY.

Althobp has been a possession of the Spencers
since 1512^ but was chiefly adopted as a residence
about 1646. One of the family, Thomas Spencer,
has an interest for Warwickshire readers, from his
magnificent house at Claverdon, of which a ruined
tower may still be seen on the right of the railway
from Hatton to Stratford, and of whose princely
hospitality Dugdale writes in the highest terms of
praise. Another of the Spencers was associated with
Wormleighton, in Warwickshire, and was once an
owner of Packwood, near Knowle. The present
hall at Althorp is of magnificent proportions,
and contains many noble rooms. Its pictures
and its china would confer an undying fame
on any other house, but its library has long
had a world-wide fame. Entering a fine hall,
turning sharply to our left down a wing at right
angles to the hall, passing through a dining-room,
with Titian's famous portrait of the fasting Cornaro,
who attained so great an age; a fragment of a
Eaffaelle cartoon; with Bembrandt's magnificent
portrait of his mother, as an art-treasure of the
room. Passing through a drawing-room, with a
Daedalus and Icarus, by Vandyke; a Venus and
Adonis and a Venetian lady, by Titian ; a Cleopatra,
by Guide, we enter the first great book room, the
Long Library, with Clint's fine portrait of George
^ohn Earl Spencer, the genius loci of this world

of books. Here begin those eiffht noble rooms,
extending four hundred feet, in which the Althorp
book treasures are preserved. This is the room
where originally

ALL THB ** FIITBBNBBS/'

the books printed in the fifteenth century, were
kept. Here the historian Gibbon "exhausted a
whole morning, in company with the noble owner,
among the first editions of Cicero." Here were
accumulated the most generally interesting part of
the whole library, the hundreas of Bibles, which
represent all the great editions, from the Mazarine
Bible of 1455 down to the Bibles in all languages of
half a century ago. Not only in this room, all
around us, on neat white painted shelves, but in
other rooms also, a magnificent collection of Bibles
and Liturgies is preserved. Here are the poly-
glot versions of Alcala, Antwerp, Paris, London,
Hamburg, and Leipsic. Here are Greek Bibles,
with the Aldine " Frinceps," and from the Stras-
bur^, 1526, to the Oxford, 1798. Here were
Latin Bibles — twenty of which were printed
before 1480, and a magnificent series of vellum
copies about 1476. Here are twelve choice editions
of the sixteenth century i seven of the seventeenth ;
ten of the eighteenth. The early English Bibles
are rare and choice, and valuable beyond price.
Coverdale's Zurich Bible, 1535 ; the two Lon-
don Bibles, 1537 ; that of Grafton and of Whit-
church, 1540 ; Cromwell's Bible, 1539 ; ten editions
from 1551 to 1581 ; Tyndal's most rare Testament,
1536 (printed at Antwerp) ; the Southwark-printed
copy, 1538; the folio Testament ^with Erasmian
paraphrase), by Whitchurch, 1548; the octavo of
Gualtier, 1550; and five editions between 1450
and 1600; the Cranmer Bible, 1566; the Saxon
and English Gospels, 1571 ; the G^evan
Bible of Edinburgh, 1576-79 (the first com-
plete Bible from a Scottish press, which Dibdin
humorously described as "in the Scottish lan-
guage"), combine to make 100 copies of rare,
remarkable, or choice editions of the Bible (or
parts of the Bible) in English, now on the Althorp
shelves. The nine German Bibles printed before
1495 ; the 10 Italian Bibles (one with the autograph
of Sixtus v.); the 15 French Bibles; the four
Spanish Bibles ; the Sclavonic, 1581 ; the Delft
Dutch, 1477; the Prince Kadzivil's Polish Bible of
1563, which cost Lord Spencer a hundred guineas
to complete ; the Bohemian Bible of 1596 ; the
Livonian Bible of 1689, with Europeoan and Asiatic
versions of all languages and dates, are beyond
description for interest and value too. In

PATRISTIC AND SCHOLASTIC THKOLOQT

there are 14 rare editions of Thomas Aquinas,
printed before 1480, and mostly from the presses of
Schoeffer (one of the alleged inventors of printing).

Sweyiiheim (of the great Roman press), and Men-
telin; 30 editions of St. Augustine, 17 being
between 1467 and 1490, and many being "date-
marks of typography"; seven editions of St.
Chrysostom, by Zell, and Laver, and Azzoguidi ; 13
of St. Jerome, including the celebrated "Oxford
Book," alleged to be 1468 ; the " Ad versus Gentes "
of Lactantius^ the first book printed in Italy, at
the famous Subiaco press ; 18 of the earliest-printed
Missals, from 1475 to 1504; the fine Mozarabic
Missal, printed by Cardinal Ximenes, in 1500;
six Missals from the Naples press; many choice
Breviaries, Psalters, &c., &c., in all tongues
and of all dates. The Kaffaelle Library has
a superb example of a **Holy Family," in
the painter's second period; and a mass of
History, Poetry, &c., on the crowded shelves around.
The Billiard Boom Library is the largest and most
striking of the rooms devoted to the books. It has
a light gallery around it, and tier upon tier of
shelves, on which many of the choicest classics and
county histories, &c., are kept ; and in the gallery
are scores, if not hundreds, of quarto volumes, each
containing a dozen to twenty of the little quarto
tracts which did duty as newspapers in the great
Civil War, and record the contests between Parlia-
ment and King. As a rule, neither Law, nor
Botauy, nor Medicine are represented in this vast
collection ; but Astronomy, Chemistry, Mathe-
matics, Fortification, Philosophy, Lexicography,
Belles lettres, &c., are especially honoured by the
choicest books. The books in the billiard- room
include some fine large paper copies of the principal
county histories, superb books on natural history ;
Dr. Johnson's Dictionary, with his own manuscript
corrections ; Baskerville's Virgil, with splendid
etchings inserted, and a unique ** specimen sheet
of the great printer's type. All the other rooms of
this vast library— for

IT NUMBERS 50,000 VOLUMES,

nearly every one of which is a treasure to literature
—sink into insignificance compared with one room
alone. Kange after range, press after press, shelf
after shelf, may attract the eye and bewilder even
the coolest brain in its attempt to master even the
titles of the treasures ; but when room after room
has been passed, when book after book has been
notedj when anticipation has been dwarfed by facts,
and wonder is weaned at the riches it has seen, one of
the dummy panels in one of the side walls is opened,
a noble hall is passed, a turn to the left is taken,
and a lofty room is entered, where the morning
sun-light streams in through the two windows on
the right, and the tall presses, with tasteful wire-
lattice work and neat white-painted doors, carefully
closed, and secured by little brass padlocks, show
that the ianctum is reached, and that we are at \^t

in the presence of the choicest treasures of the
Althorp shelves. A little upright glass-case on our
left contains some hundreds of

MICBORCOPIC EDITIONS OF CLASSICS,

from Didot's lovely little ''Horace" backwards-
some in the choicest covers, the work of true artist-
hands; some little volumes of manuscript, in
Italian hand, and with glorious illuminations ; and
one curious little volume, with -leaves of paper made
from familiar English plants. Over the mantle-piece
are some family oortraits in miniature— and one of
Lord John Russell in his early manhood. All round
the room, crowded with portly folios, handsome and
dainty little duodecimos, are cases full of the very
choicest books now known to exist. Here in
scholarly seclusion are the choicest editions— the
editiones principes of the choicest authors of Greece
and Rome. Here are the seventy editions of Cicero
— memorable from Gibbon's morning among them,as
well as for their classic value and literary worth —
nearly fifty of which were printed before 1473,
mostly representing different "texts," and thus
practically as valuable as manuscripts now lost for
ever. Here are eight editions of Horace prior to
1480 ; here are copies of Ovid from all the Italian
early presses of Parma, Venice, and Rome ; here is
Livy as printed by Sweynheim and by Aldus in
glorious tomes : here is Pliny, on vellum, from the
press of Rome, in 1471 ; while sui>erb works of the
Aldus press and Etienne press, and Bodoni's Parma
press, are spread all round. Here is a rich case of
Aldines, with the now familiar device ; there is a row
of the choicest works by Bodoni, who equalled even
our own Baskerville in making printing an " Art."
Here is the Florence edition of Homer, dated 1474 ;
here is the most rare Horace, printed in Naples in
1476, by Arnoldus de Bruxella,- here is the famous
Terence of Riessenger, 1471, so curious from details
of the early laws of Sicily and Naples, and for which
two volumes Lord Spencer was chiefly induced to
buy Count Cassano's library to enrich his shelves.
Here on this Horace (well marked R.R.R. — raris-
simus— is the late Lord Spencer's pencil-note that it
was the rarest, choicest classic he had known) is a
curious "bill" of old Roger Payne, with all his
minute details of the material, and the time em-
ployed in the binding of this rarest of books. Here,
among

NBABLY A DOZEN EDITIONS OF DANTE,

is the magnificent edition of 1477— one of the eight
editions between 1472 and 1484. Here is the first
Roman Missal (a superb rubricated copy) on vellum,
prmted as early as 1477. Here is the most famous
single volume probably in the whole world — the
volume which originally led the Duke of Roxburghe
to begin book-colleeting, and which sold at his
great sale for £2^2601 It is only a small folio

volume^ some two inches thicks but it is an edition
of Boccaccio, printed at Venice, by Valdarfer, as
early as 1471, and no other perfect copy is known.
Its very history is a romance. At the second Duke
of Eoxburghe's table, some conversation on the book
occurred. His Grace remembered that it had once
been offered to him for £100. He sought and found
and bought it, and his son was so struck by the con-
versation that he became so great a collector that
the sale of his books in 1812 lasted forty-two days.
When this famous volume was put up, Lord
Spencer and Lord Blandford were both eager to
possess it. It was started at £100, the price was
doubled, then went to £250, and then jumped to
£500. As the price advanced, the bids were smaller,
only £5 at a time. At last the lot was left to two
competitors ; Lord Spencer said £2,250, and Lord
Blandford £10 more, at which price the treasure be-
came his own. Lord Spencer had resolved to give
£1,812 (the amount representing the date 1812), but
having had a " windfall of £438," he advanced to
£2,250; and although

HE LOST THE VOLUME,

he was lucky enough to secure it a few years later
for onl3r £900. The description of the contest by
Dibdin is one of the curiosities of literature, and
the sale one of the most extraordinary in biblio-
maniac annals, since the owners of Althorp,
Blenheim, and Chatworth competed for the pos-
session of this unique and memorable book. The
Caxton press volumes in this room are quite
unsurpassed in number and condition. Fifty-seven
separate works from the Father of the English
Press is a noble collection for a private library.
Even the British Museum can boast only fifty-five,
but of these eleven are unique, while Lord Spencer
has only three iinique. Mere in a quiet corner,
are the first and second editions of Cazton's " G-ame
of Chesse," and two copies of his '* Chaucer's Tales/'
of excessive rarity and curious value; here are
dainty little volumes with queer or reverent
colophons, and in quaint old half-printing half-
manuscript letters, with ink still as black as a
raven, and leaves as crisp as of a modem book.
Here are the real treasures, the incunabula, the
cradle-books of the English press. Here are the
materials for the history of the printing art. Here
are the choice romances which delighted the days
of Edward the Third. Here, too, are the works of
Caxton's friends and pupils, a magnificent vellum
folio of the

"bokb of ST. alban's,"
by Dame Juliana Bemers, printed by Wynkyn de
Worde ; here are Pynson's books by the dozen, and
here are scores of rare, choice, splendid samples of
the fifteenth century English press. In other
'* presses '* of this noble room are the Block-Books

which preceded printing before some one — Gutten-
hurg, or Fiist, or Schoeffer— had the wit to break up
words into single letters, and thus to ''invent" the
printing art. Here is not only the earliest known
wood-cut. with a date, the St. Christopher, with
date 1423 — seeming to show, too, that wood-blocks
and separate letters may have been used together—
but here is a real old wood-block itself, of the
fifteenth century, with some of the impressions it
has produced. The 1423 St. Christopher is a land-
mark in art. It has had reams written about it,
and its value ; and its quaint old coloured sketch
of the good saint crossing the stream and bearing
the boy upon his shoulders, is curious and graphic
in the extreme. Here, too, is a superb copy of the
famous Mazarine Bible, supposed to have been
printed as early as 1455 — a sumptuous copy, with
sound and solid old paper, clean, and clear, and
stainless; sharp and clear-cut old gothic letter,
glossy raven ink, and brilliant rubrications, which
have kept their colour unfaded .in all the chances
and changes of 400 years. Here, too, are not only
the choicest classics, but real art-works of tbe
binder's taste. Books bound by Grolier, Payne, De
Borne, Padeloup, and Nicholas Eve, are crowded in
the cases in rich profusion, and delight the eye, and
taste, and judgment of the bibliopegic connoisseur.
Here, too, among the treasures, are choice copies of
all the four-folio editions of Shakespeare^s Plays ; a
copy, in brilliant condition, of the excessively rare
Sonnets, dated 1609; not to mention a copy of
Steevens's edition of 1783, enlarged by a mass of
** Illustrations " selected from rare sources too.
Thi.'s room, in fact, if well examined, contains the

HISTORY OF MODERN CIVILISATION.

The classic tone and taste, the revival of learning,
the invention of printing, the translations of the
Scriptures, the history of printing and book-
binding, are all amply illustrated by the contents
of this unrivalled room. Not only to the biblio-
maniac, who values books merely because they are
rare; not only to the bibliopegist, who admires
books because they are well bound; but to the
bibliophile, who honours books for their con-
tents—does the Spencer Library most powerfully
appeal. The literary tastes of the Spencers have
been remarkable for several generations. Parts
of an old library, three centuries old, are still
in the great collection. There was another ad-
dition of the books of Dr. George, but the mass
of the present library was collected during the life
of one learned, liberal, and patient collector, the
Earl who died in 1834, at the ripe old age of seventy-
seven, after a long and honourable career at the
Admiralty and at Vienna during the troublous
times from 1780 to 1812. Late in the last century
he purchased the collection pf Count Beviozky, an

unsarpassed library of olassio volumes, first
editions from all the Continental presses, and all in
the most perfect condition. During many years
purchases were made with taste and liberality.
Under the guidance of Dibdin, rare volumes were
exchanged from Lincoln Cathedral, fine books were
bought from the superb Alchome Library in order to
secure a few Caxtons, and from the Cracherode sale,
and finally the splendid library of Count Cassano was
purchased, in 1819. In short, the Spencer Library
IS not only large, but choice, and, in Dibdin's own
words, its " remembrance can only perish with
every other record of individual fame. The *' Biblio-
theca Spenceriana " and the " -Sides Althorpianae "
of Dibdin have given the Spencer Library a world-
wide fame ; and Mr. Edward Edw&rds, the historian
of libraries, from whose works some of the fore-
going facts have been taken, speaks in the highest
terms, from personal knowledge, of. this vast
collection, the catalogue of which fills two hundred
and fifty volumes of titles, as having been "created
with a liberal hand, and imisarted with a liberal
heart."— Northamfvpton Mercv/rg, August 12, 1892.

THE ALTHORP LIBRARY.

A Manchester correspondent writes :— It is now definitely
known that the splendid private library of Earl Spencer has
been purchased by Mrs. J. Rylands, of Longford Hall, Stret-
ford, Manchester. Mr. J. Arnold Green, of Paternoster-row,
l^ndon, who conducted the purchase, says the information was
divulged prematurely. He has prepared a statement setting
forth the object Mrs. Rylands has in view. The announcement
of the purchase and probable i(if t of the library co Manchester,
has been received with feelings of gratificaUon generally in
Manchester and the district. A telegram has been received
from Mrs Rylands, who is at present in Cumberland, to the
effect that she confirms the statement as to purchase, but not
as t-o the gift to Manchester. Mrs. Rylands does not feel at
liberty to give any information upon the subject until she has
consulted her advisers.
A correspondent of the "Times " pens the following : —
On Tuesday the work of dismantling the Althorp Library
began ; and in a few weeks those thousands of glorious
volumes will be transferred to their new home, and their
place, the great Northamptonshire house, will know them no
more. Before they go, it will be interesting to record a few
last impressions of them in their present home, while they
still form the Althorp Library. The house and park are well
known to all inhabitants of Northamptonshire and the
Midlands generally, for Earl Spencer has always been
extremely liberal in granting access to both ; while the
pictures have been often lent to London exhibitions, at
Burlington House, at the Orosvenor Gallery, and at South
Kensington. Here, then, no more need be said than that
the staircase, with its full-lengths by Sir Joshua and
Gainsborough, and the "Sir Joshua Room" with its group
of lovely portraits ot Lavinia Binuham, wife of the second
Earl, and of the various kindred of her and her husband, are
in their particular way unrivalled.

The Great Picture Gallery
Has a noble Yandyck ; in the room called **King William's
Bedroom " is the celebrated portrait of Mnrillo, by himself ;
in one of the drawing-rooms are two fine Rembrandts, one a
portrait believed with good reason to be that of the painter's
mother and the other a beautiful sketch of a little boy ; and
in the corritior are a number of. very interesting "self-por-
traits " by great painters, from Antonio More to Sir Joshua
Reynolds. But these we may pass rapidly by, for to-day our
main concern is with the books. These, it must be noticed,
are everywhere, for Althorp is not like some other great
houses, like Blenheim in the old days, for example, a house
with one special room for books and idl the rest for people to
live in. On the contrary, to live at Althorp has meant to live
among books, to live in rooms walled with books ; and hence
the removal of the books will work a far greater change at
Althorp than it would work elsewhere.

The Centre and Crown of the Althorp Library
is what is known as the " Old Book Room," a room measuring
sorae2Sft. by 20ft., and completely lined with books from floor
to ceiling. It may contain perhaps some 4,000 volumes, and
the shelves are very naturallv and necessarily protected by
padlocked doors, with the wire network that is common in
libraries. In this one room are gathered together the most

precioiui examples of the preasee of the 15th and 16th
oenturiea, with many volumes of later date, priceless for their
rarity, or for*their historical importance, or for their condi-
tion, or for their binding— the Gutenberg Bible, the two
copies of the Ments Psalter, the numberless first editions of
the classics, the 67 Caztons, the 600 Aldines. A certain
number of the books are in the coverings in which they were
set by famous French or Italian binders two or three centuries
ago ; but the msjority are in the morocco of Charles Lewis,
one of the best and most solid of English binders, of whose
skill and workmanship the founder of this library had for
some years almost a monoply. Lewis, like his predecessor,
Roger Payne, and like nearly every other celebrated English
binder, trusted far more to solid work than to fanciful or deli-
cate treatment. He commonly used that " straight-grained "
morocco which is so rich to look upon and so pleasant to
handle, but which by its very nature excludes the possibility
of fine tooling ; and he never attempted to imitate the deco-
ration which we admire on the books that were bound for the
Valois Kings, and which is copied, and sometimes even out-
done, by the great Parisian binders of the present day. But
one cannot conceive a whole library bound by Le Gascon
or by Trautz-Bauzonnet, whereas, as the second Earl
Spencer proved, a library bound in the plain yet rich and
sUghtlv varied style of Charles Lewis is within the bounds of
possibility. Let us, before the books are packed up and
taken away, handle a few of the volumes and linger a
moment upon them while they still form a part of the
Althorp Library. 8uch a proceeding would not be deemed
irreverent by the presiding genius of the room, the second
Earl, whether in the poetical character that we see in
Angelica Kauffmann's pretty picture of himself and his
Bisters, or in the sober prose of the portrait by Venables that
hangs above the case of miniature volumea Here for example
are

THE TWO ROWS OF CAXTONS,

the finest existing collection, since it not only contains perfect
and wdl-preserved copies of all the commoner works of the
great English printer, but three that are absolutely unique.
As to one of them, its rarity is in no way surprising, since it
is nothing but a single broad sheet, copies of which were
certain to disappear and perish, unless they chanced, as in
this case, to be bound up in a volume with some other pro-
duction of the press. It was the late Mr. Blades, the
celebrated Caxton scholar, who discovered the existence of
this sheet in 1859, when he was making his first researches
into the life and works of the father of English printing. It
consists of nothing but a couple of players, very simple in
conception and style, and, pre- Reformation as they are, quite
such as we might expect to find in some of the Occasional
Services in the Prayer Book. The other two unique volumes
are examples of a kind of literature whose popularity has
been its worst enemy, the romance literature, which, in the
days of costly books and small editions, was read and re-
read till the copies were fairly worn out and disap-
peared. Such has been the fate of ** The Historic of the
Victorious Prince Blanchardin," and of *' The Four Sons ot
Aymon," as printed by Caxton ; for here are the only two
surviving copies. Thev are so fine and spotless in condition
that it is evident that they were hidden away from the begin-
ning and so escaped the vulgar fate of being read. To read a
book, according to your true bibliophile, is to desecrate it : a
book that is worthy to be called a book— that is, one of which
not more than half-a-dozen copies are known— must be kept

to be looked at, and only handled in a proper devotional
spirit by rare worshippers. Indeed, it must be owned that
this is all that most Oaxtons are good for ; a modem reader
would hesitate long before fairly sitting down to read " The
Four Sons of Aymon." We pass from curiosity to literature
when we descend to the shelf below the Caxtons, for there
are

THE FOUR FOLIO EDITIONS OF SHAKESPEARE,

the Sonnets "Printed by G. Eld for T. T., 1609," and other
books of the great aga The Sonnets is a delightful little
▼olume, bound in old peacock-blue morocco, and the folios
are as choice examples as one expects in such a library. The
first folio, perfect except that the prefatory verses are '* in-
laid," was the copy that Theobald used — that commentator
whom a recent critic has very properly been trying to
rehabilitate. A former owner has written on the flyleaf, just
as a modem collector would write, " Bought at Mr. Folkes's
sale, Feb. 1, 1756," while in the copy of the third folio— the
rarest of the four— the owner, one J. Godfrey, has written
•• Norton Court, March ye 2th (sie), 1703-4 pretium £01 10."
One pound ton for a third folio I

The Gutenberg Bible and Mentz Psalter.

The Gutenberg Bible was thought to be, from the point of
▼iew of the auction room, the most precious of printed books,
until Messrs. Sotheby sold, a few years back, a copy of the
Mentz Psalter for close upon £5,000. The rival claims would
have been retried had not the present purchaser stepped in
and deprived the world of the pleasing excitement of an
Althorp auction, for here are copies of each, supreme in
condition. They have been seen at more than one public
exhibition, for Lord Spencer has always lent his books as well
as his pictures very generously. On the same shelves with
them are numberless examples of the most beautiful of all
printed books, the works of classical authors printed in Italy
in the 15th century and in the early part of the lt)th at Venice
and Florence and at Rome. These we need not specify ;
but the

shelf after shelf of Aldines,
15 of them printed on vellum, are too fascinating to be passed
over. Here among the 15 is the Dante of 1502, clearest and
loveliest of volumes ; here is its rival in rarity, the Virgil of
1501, the first book printed in "italic" type. Shall we, in
ancient fashion, appeal to it for a '* sors Virgiliana ?" The
volume opens at the 3d ^neid :—

Qusecunque in foliis descripsit carmina virgo,
Digerit in nuuierum, atque antro seclusa relinquit :
Ilia manent immota locis, neque ab ordine cedunt.

Alas ! the prophet is wrong, for these ** caraiina," these
folios, are not fixed in their places but destined to fly away.
The door is at this moment opening to admit the disturber ;
** teneras turbavit janua frondes."

There is in this room one more noticeable little collection—
the small case containing a dozen shelves of

miniature volumes.
The founder of the Althorp Librarv was, unluckily, not an
Elzevirian, or we might have found here choice copies of the
Virgil, the Csesar, the *' Imitatio Gbristi," and, better still,
the French books from the same press— the Regnier, the
Moli6re, the '* Pastissier." As it is, the little case contains
charming volumes ftom the Lvons presses, old pocket Bibles,
a diminutive Pindar in several volumes, and special copies of
those Diamond classics which were suggested to Pickering by
Lord Spencer and printed in the first instance for him. Here,

too, is that turisntne little volume, the first edition of the
" Compleat Angler."

When we pass from the sanctum sanctorum we enter
another region altogether ; we are no longer among the books
which stir the passions of the bibliophito, bat rather among
those which belong to the proverbial

■* Gentleman's LiBRiiRT."
The vast billiardrooro. 40ft< long and 26ft high, with a
gallery at half its height, contains thousands of such books-
old treatises on botany and soology, county histories, and the
works of Yoluminoos and foigotten divines. So with the
" Domenichino Room," so called from a *'Deedalus and
Icarus," which is not a Domenichino at all, but a
well-known picture by Yandyck ; here is shelf after
shelf of finely-bound ** Histoires de I'Univers " and
such like, with Strype, with Mungo Park, with multitudes
of old quarto c assies, and with the ever-amusing " India
Oocidentadis " of De Bry, a storehouse of pictures of marvel-
lous manners and impossible customa There are similar
books in the ** Raphael Library," so called from the late
"Holy Familv" over the fireplace ; the only volume that need
detain us is the presentation copy of charta maxima of Tyr-
whitt's ** Poetics of Aristotle," with a letter from Dr. Wills,
Warden of Wadham and Vice-Ghancellor. explaining how the
University Press had had a few special copies taken off, and
begged the honour of adding one to his lordship's library. In
those days the accounts of the Clarendon Press were not so
carefully audited as now !

Then comos the last and most beautiful room of all,
The Long Library.
Here, in a wheeled case, is the manuscript catalogue, perhans
the first of the ** slip " catalogues which are now so general,
the slips lightly run together in Tellum-backed volumes. The
books are tnoosands in number, and assuredly no such furni-
ture, for beauty and harmony, can well be found to take thehr
place. There is not much of great bibliographical value, but
the splendid purples and browns and golds of the morocco
and russian backs give to these spacious volumes a decorative
quality which is unapproachable. As to the books
themselves, they preach once more the eternal lesson
of old libraries, the vanitas vanitatum of human
effort. What are these three great rows of glorious
volumes in uniform coverings of rich morocco ? lliey
are the " (Euvres de M. Arnauld " — the embalmed
relics of the dead Jansenist controversy, the record of
infinite effort which once seemed full of meaning, but
which is now unintelligible, save to the trained historical
imacination. And these seven gorgeous folios in crimson and
gold? Is it Homer, Dante, or Shakespeare, or even Buffon.
that has been thought worthy of such honour? No; these
volumes are the works of Sir William Jonea He was almost
a great man once ; he helped to found a Sanskrit scholarship,
and he wrote one solemn little poem which is printed in most
of the anthologies ; but his works, it is to be feared, have long
since become mere furniture. But perhaps the Althorp
Library is not richer in dead reputations than any other
collection of its size. Its unique glory is that among this
multitude of books of little enduring interest there are to be
found four or five thousand volumes on which Time, '* the
only critic that does not err, " has placed the mark of ever-
increasing value.

Northampton Herald,
Aug. 12, 1892.

Rev. THOMAS COMPTON,

RECTOR OF GREAT HOLLAND, 1725— 1761.

JOHN TAYLOR.

REV. THOMAS COMPTON.

AN important historical MS. volume, relating to the
Compton family and the parish and church of Great
Holland, has lately come into my possession. The following
notes thereon may prove interesting to Essex readers.

The MS. is a beautifully written folio of over 300 pages, in
pannelled calf, bought from the Hailstone library at Messrs.
Puttick and Simpson's, June 2nd, 1892. It is marked with
Edward Hailstone's well-known leather bookplate.

The title reads : — An Exact /Diary/ of all y Occuran/ces of my
Life/ Briefly front / The year 1698 aftd / fnore particularly from / The
year 1726 Begin / ing in November.

The MS. commences ; —

The original of ye Compton Family. Compton deriv'd from ye Le Counts
of France, or as others say, from Compton Winiate, in Warwickshier. Sir Wm.
Compton first rais'd to ye dignity of Earl of Northampton by K. James ye First.
This Wm. marry'd Eliz. sole Dr. of Sr. Jno. Spencer, Knight, Alderman of
London.*

He had issue one son (Spencer). One Dr. (Ann). Spencer was kill'd
fighting for K. Charles ist, at Hopton Heath, near Stafford, Maich 19,
1642. Left issue several of wch. four sons were knights [Sir Francis, Sir Wm.,
Sir James, and Sir Henry, from whom is ye branch of my family] and Henry,
ye youngest Bishop of London f 40 years.

James ye Eldest succeeded to ye Estate and Honour, and dy'd at his scat of
Castle- Ashby, in Northamptonshire, December 15, i63i.

George his eldest son succeeded, and married Jane, youngest Dr. of
Stephen Fox, Knight. Issue 3 sons (James, George, Charles). Daughters six.

James, Ld. Compton, bom May, 1687, summoned to ye H. of Lords 1711.

The above-said Geo. left one Bro. ye Honble Spencer Compton, late
Speaker of ye H. of Commons, now created Earle of Willmington.

[ * He was Sheriff of London in 15^3, and Lord Mayor in 1594. At the funeral of this
Sir John Spencer his corpse was attended by above i,ono men, in black gowns and cloaks ;
auiong them were 320 poor men, who had every one a basket, in which were four
pounds of beef, two loaves, a little bottle of wine, and a pound of candles, a candlestick, two
saucers, two spoons, a black pudding, a pair of gloves, a dozen of points for shoe-strings, two
red and four white herrings, six sprats, and two eggs. He is said to have left the Lord
Compton an estate of above £50,000 value. Morant's E^scx^ i. 394, note. £d.]

t Bishop Compton gave half of his books to Colchester, see Morant's Colchester, iii. 6,
where also see the reason they were not accepted.— En.

Kev. Jos. Compton related to Jiio. Duke of ^larlborough, Capt-General
of (il. Britain, by Eliz. Drake* his mother, sister to my Grandmother, who
man led to Sr. Winslan Chutchtll, of wni. was Bom Jno Churchill, afterwards
D. of Marlborough, and Arabella, by w»»- King James 2d. had James Duke
of Berwick, laic Maristhall of France, balf-Bro. by ye fathers side to ye Duchess
of Buckingham, and by y^ mothers, Mrs, Araliella Churchill, to ye right
Honble. ye Lady Viscountess Falmouth and Mrs. Arabella Dunch, of
Westminster.— Vid. Peerage of England^ p. 33.

Then follows " The History of my own Life," contained in a
dialogue between Honorus, Prudens, Marcus, Pragmaticus, and
others, to which names there is a complete key at the end of the
volume. This runs to nine chapters ; the first is entitled ** The
Origin of my Family briefly consider'd." The more important
facts contained in this autobiography are here summarized.

My grandfather, Lucius Varro [John Compton, Esq.] *• in the
year 1648 bravely hazzarded his life and lost the greatest part
of his estate in defence of his sovereign." My grandmother's
name was Matilda. My father, Marcus Cato, was born at
Duria [Dorchester] after 1655. " It is certain he Died without
receiving any Benefit from ye Restoration of young Caisario
[Charles II.] and left behind him M. Cato, a child, and Marinus
[Mr. Benj Compton] who Traiding to sea was lost in ye remark-
able Tempest Anno 1702 on the sands of Cantium [Goodwin
Sands] formerly je Patrimony of Earl Godwin."

My father left Dorsetshire for reasons given, and concealed
himself in the suburbs of Augusta [London] where ** in a few
years he gained considerable by his Trade, and was very much
valued and beloved by all men, especially by those of the
Dissenting Persuasion called Calvinists." At the age of twenty-six
or thereabouts he marry'd Euphemia, eldest daughter and co-heir
of Stephen Remnant, Esq., of Bucklebury, Berkshire, by whom
he had three sons and four daughters. I, the eldest son, was born
Sept. 22nd, 1698, and was brought up, till near the age of thirteen,
by my Aunt, Margaret Hardy, my father's eldest sister, who had
no children. My second brother, Mr. John Compton, was born
in 1700, and Mr. Francis Compton six years after, if I well
remember.

Mr. Ward, professor of rhetoric, was my tutor. I was at
Merchant Taylors School five years, but upon a prospect of

* Eliz. Drake, Dr. of Sr. Wm. Drake, of Ash, in ye county of Devon, Kt.

benefit which Rev. Mr. Shipway, my cousin, promised me, I
was sent to Oxford University [St. John's College], instead of
Edinburgh, where he was brought up, but was removed about
the Kalends of October, 1715, to Edinburgh, where I success-
fully prosecuted my studies, being three times President of the
Philosophical Society, until 171 9, making physic my chief
study.

My father died about the Ides of October, 1719, and finding
my predilection for the National church, he made his will in
favour of my two brothers after the decease of my mother,
cutting me off with the bare acknowledgment of a few shillings.

The Rev. Mr. Wheatley recommended my ordination to Dr.
John Robinson, bishop of London, but his illness prevented, and
I was ordained, by his secretary's commands, by Dr. Edmund
Gibson, bishop of Lincoln. The Rev. Mr. Gledhill, of Brain-
tree, allowed me £"^0 per annum, and I entered on my charge at
Coggeshall under Mr. Boys,"'' who died in 1723, aged near 80,
when I took full orders.

At the beginning of 1718 I wrote Poems and Translations ; in
1723 I wrote Articulorum Ecclesice Anglican^. \ In 1724 I became
acquainted with Mr. Samuel Carter, a judicious young
Coggeshall lawyer, and failing the preferment of Coggeshall, I
was, by his interest, Mrs. Thurston being patroness, presented to
the living of Great Holland, in 1725. I was offered Coggeshall
soon after, but refused, on the advice of Rev. Mr. Mead. I
inducted Rev. Mr. Burnett some time after.

In 1726 I was appointed Chaplain to John, Lord Bellenden,
and in the same year required to resign Great Holland in favour
of the patroness's son, Mr. Thomas Thurston, but was confirmed
in my possession. I settled at Great Holland, and laid out 200
crowns on the repairing of part of the Parsonage.

My love affairs, 1727—8 : — (i) Miss Molly, daughter of
Dr. Scrobus ; (2) Miss Sally Newton ; (3) Miss Lucy Milton ;
(4) ; (5) Miss Nanny Brasier ; (6) Miss Ann

* Rev. James Boys, 44 years Vicar of Coggeshall, died loth October, 1725, aged 75. See
Beaumont's History of Coggeshall, pp. 49, 63.— Ed.

t Perhaps these were never published ; so far we have been unable to trace them in any
bibliography.— Ed.

Gledhill, a friend of Mrs. Daniels. I married February 3rd,
1728.

The history does not go further than 1729 ; it ends with a
letter to Mr. William Smith, of Lincoln's Inn, dated Pontosum,
2 1 St October, 1729.

Then follow accounts to 1743 ; some penitential verses,
July 24, 1742, June 8, 1743; loss by fire, February 28th, 1746-7,
in my Parsonage House at Great Holland ; " Original agreements
between ye Rev. Mr. Compton and ye Parishioners of Great
Holland," Sept. 29th, 1735 to 1740.

The state of ye Living of East Mersey, with its Lordship annexd. as Revd.
Mr. Lagdon left it^ and as it now stands under its present Rector, ye Revd. Mr.
Hussey, Anno 1736-7, March 18. N.B. ye Rector is rated to ye King ;f 50.

To Mr. Lagden per ann 93 16 6

To Mr. Hussey •» •' 108 13 o

Increase 14 16 6

N.B. ye Quit Rents of the Lordship of East Mersey are yearly abt.
00 . 16 . 6.

Eveiy parcel is Heriotable, and pays fine of two years on Deaths and one
and a half on purchases.

The Rolls begin 4th Qn. Elizbth., and are regularly continued to the present
time, 1736.

N.B. There is also an old paper wch. sethe ye Gt. and Small Tithes and
Customs of ye Parish from ye Time of Q. Elizbth.

The Tythe Book, Together with other Remarkable Things
Relating to ye Parish of Great Holland, and my Daily Expences
as also Cash reed, and paid, from March 25th, 1734.

Memorand. Certain Privileges of the Clergy.

An Account of some Lands in ye Parish of Great Holland.

A True and Perfect Terrier of all the Houses, Out Houses,
Barns, Stables, Orchards, and Glebe Lands belonging to the
Parsonage of Great Holland in ye County of Essex, made tenth
day of October, one thousand six hundred eighty-one — 1681, and
in ye thirty-third year of ye Reign of our Sovereign Lord
Charles ye 2d, and given in to ye Bishops Court to be
Recorded. Terrier signed Joshua Nun, curate.

N.B. When I came to this Living, Ann. 1725, the Mansion House was
ready to drop — ye Bam in ye same Condition, and stable there was none, neither
was there Orchard or Garden. The Chancel of ye Church was alike ruinous,
ye Top falling in as my workmen were repairing it, so that wt I have done in
repairing ye Parsonage and Chancel stands me in upwards of ^^300.

Laid out upon Holland Chancel in ye years 1725, 26, and 27.

To pulling down ye old Roof and doing it up new.

Tyling, mortar, and workmanship . . . , . . 25 o o

Glazing and other repairs . , . , . , 500

The repairs of ye old House, Anno 1725 and 26 70 o o

The alteration. Repairs, &c., in 1728 ,. ., 104 10 7

Building a Kitching, 1 735 20 15 10

The repairs of ye inside of ye Chancell, 1 733 .. 12 b o

Gave ye workmanship of ye Gallery ... 10 10 o

Towards Beautifying ye Pulpit and Gallery . . in 6

Building a new Barn, 1 733 . , . , , , 30 o o

A stable ditto, 1736 20 10 7

Repairs of ye Chancel window from 1727 to 1739 500

305 4 6
Levelling, filling up^ and shingling ye Parsonage
yard 10 10 6

Parsonage yard —

Paling of it in a 61 Rods, at lod. per rod .. 211 o

1741, Novr. 9th. — Planting ye Orchard, Digging it.

Glebe land, measured 1733, "by an able Surveyor." Total, "oa. ir. 36P.

1 730. The several Leases of ye Parish of Great Holland.

Charges in taking up Holland Mag. living, ^^38 16 8.

1733. Half-yearly Land Tax.

Great and Small Tythes.

The several Compositions of ye Parish of Gt. Holland from Anno 1725 to
Anno 1735.

1725. Brasier and Compton Rectors.

Rev. Mr. Brasier's Composition at 2s. and 2s. 6d. in ye Pound,
according to the King's Rate. Yearly.

The Order of Master Spencer Compton's Burial, June 21, 1741 [19 items
totalled £1$ 17 6.]

The names of all yt had gloves at Master Spencer's funeral, June 21,
1741.

Then follows a detailed cash account (in 'which he calls his
wife Nanny) to November, 1743 ; a " List of Parishioners who
send Presents at. Lady- Day or Michaelmas " ; and ** Subscrip-
tions to building a church at Wicks/'

A sort of common-place book completes the volume. In this
we find : Catalogue of gold, silver, and copper coins, collected
from 1719 to 1735, with their cost and worth; all Roman, four
columns ; various agreements with servants and others, to
October 15th, 1744. '^^^ following persons are alluded to : —

Mr. Miliar, an apothecary and antiquary, who lives near
Bishopsgate, London. Charles Smith, Esq., in the Tower of
London, a collector of English coins. Mr. Richmond, alderman of
Harwich, some coins by him ; no collector.

Directions to persons of distinction : —

Rt. Hon. John Ld. hellenden, Baron of Broujjhton, at Mr. Calvary's in
Braston parish, near Puckeridge, Herfordsliire.

Earl Tilney, Hanover Square. Lord Castlemain.

" My old friend at Colledjje and intimate Companion Sr. Alexander Lander,
of Fountain Hall, Bart., dy'd sometime in April by our newspaper, 1729, and is
succeeded by my friend and fellow Collegian his Bror., now Sr. Andrew Lander,
Bart."

** My worthy friend Mr. Maddox was created Dr. of D. [ivinity] and Clerk of her
Majesty's clossett in Octr. 1729. Made a Bishop, 1736, being at ve time also
Deane of Wells."

[Great Holland Rectors :— Thomas Compton, Clerk, 1725, upon Brasier's death, presented
by Mrs. Thurston. Thomas Dove, M. A,, 21st June, 1761, upon Compton's death.— Morant's
Essex, i. 479— En.]

I
I

^ AXEY C hurch.

?y J. T- |nvi(<E,

WITH ILLUSTRATIONS.

Northampton :
The Dryden Press, TAYLOR & SON, 9 College Street.

1889.

(Wla;:ej C^wtc^^

THOUGH this church is not recorded in the volume of
Northamptonshire churches published by the Architectural
Society of the County, it is one of considerable interest
from containing the unusual number of three, or perhaps even four,
separate buildings of Norman date. The fabric crowns the summit
of the artificial "maks-eye,'* or ''made-island/' from which the
parish takes its name.^ These Norman portions appear to be
successive enlargements of an older church of Saxon date. Of this
period an interesting fragment of a tombstone dug up not long since
is now preserved in the church. Its design is far more in accord

frcu^meM ofS^:^on cofjj,^y\U^ou-ndxnCU.yariL,

with the remains found in Wales, than with any of the abundant

fragments of interlacing stone work found in this neighbourhood.

The Saxon church probably had no tower. The first Norman

* This etymology is, however, not imdisputed.

building was therefore the addition of tower at "the west end. Its
parts are in so perfect agreement with the work at Castor Church ;
and the bases of the arch from the tower to the nave present the
same singular scaling ornament almost invariably found in the work
of the architect^ or master-mason> of Castor^ as to leave no doubt of
this being his work. Here> oddly enough^ part of his desjgn seems
to have been borrowed from the neighbouring Saxon tower of
Barnack^ existing then as at present. The vertical stone slips at
Barnack reappear at Maxey as two narrow slips of plinthless
buttresses placed on the wall face, a good way inwards from the
angles^ just as at Barnack.

The position of the corbel table seems to prove that the proportion
of this new tower was so low, (perhaps from doubt as to the
stability of the foundation on the mound,) that a further addition
of a fresh Norman stage was soon made, mounted over the
corbelling ; this again, in its turn, to be finally terminated with
the present upper pointed storey. The caps of the tower arch are
carved with the beautiful and rich work found in all the buildings
of this able architect, and can well be compared with that
seen at Castor and Wakerley. The first appearance of those curled
and ornamented angles which were perfected in the early English age,
are here excellently displayed. Their scale- worked bases have been
mentioned above. Outside is seen the very same string, with its
horizontal line of diamonds left in relief, that the architect uses at
Wakerley. The date of the work cannot differ in any appreciative
degree from that of Castor Church. This date must have been prior
to iii6; because no trace of any of the characteristic points of the
design occurs anywhere in the cathedral of Peterborough, while
those singular fragments of the period of Abbot Ernulph found
re-used in the great south-east pier of the tower, appear considerably
to resemble it. Accordingly, when the next extension at Maxey
is executed, namely, (as at Wittering and Barnack) a north aisle, not
a trace of the work of the architect of the older portion is to be seen 5
but the bases of the piers are found to present peculiar sections,
precisely similar to what is seen in the apse, and found at other points
westward of the cathedral 5 work which is known to be not earlier
than 1 1 17 or 11 18. This work at Maxey presents caps, abaci, and
bases, of very plain, simple workmanship, in all cases square only,
while the attempts at ornamentation are of the slightest description.

The third extension of the Norman period was the second stage of
the tower already spoken of, and the south aisle, whose parts are quite
distinct from the lower tower and north aisle work. Possibly this

tower stage may have intervened between the periods at which the
aisles were built, in which case there would be four distinct periods
of Norman work in the Church. In the south arcade not only do the
caps present in the plan of their angles that square recess so peculiarly
a mark of the later period of the style, but the bases also do the same,
which is unusual. The outer order of the arches is cut into
moderately large nail-head ornamentation, a sure sign of advanced
transitional date. Other features of later date can be discerned. At
the south-east angle of the chancel there is a remarkable vaulted
strong room with double door. In the north wall is inserted a
recessed and canopied tomb, much ornamented, where it evidently also
served as an Easter sepulchre. High up in the south wall of the
nave is a piscina, proving that the rood-loft was of width enough to
supply room for an altar. This loft was of a magnificent character,
and rendered necessary an extension upwards of the chancel arch, so
as to give space for the rood figures. Some especially curious decorated
windows, with square heads, light the north aisle, the soffit tracery of
their heads suggesting an explanation of those singular windows, also
square-headed, in the chancel of Helpston church.

There are many other features of interest in this remarkable
church. But I can mention only one or two more. Externally the
labels of the* late window, introduced in the west wall of the tower,
terminate in shields, the bearings on which may enable some of your
readers who may be learned in heraldry, to name the families of
position connected with the parish. The shield on the north,
partly covered by the added buttress, appears to have three water
bougets, possibly for de Ros -, that on the south has a fess between
six fleurs de lis. Nor should I omit to mention that at the ea^t end
of the south aisle is preserved the stone font of the Restoration period,
about 1660. It is of an uncommonly pleasing and suggestive design 5
although the shallow recess of bason, while it is of proper diameter,
curiously suggests how little correct arrangements were then
understood. Sel3om is there to be seen a more pleasing attempt of
the date. Its place under the tower is now occupied by a handsome
font, the gift of canon Argles and Mrs. Argles, placed, as the
inscription on the cover tells us, as a memorial to the late bishop
Davys.

Peterborough. J» T. Iryinb.

Reprinted from

^ortfiamptonsF^ire ^otos and ^utrtts.

Part XIX.

TATLOB & SON, <<Teb Dbydbn Fkussa/' 9« CoLLBas Stbbbt.

1888.

TILL-... ''

The Right Rev. WILLIAM CONNOR MAGEE, D.D. and D.C.L.

Bishop of Peterborough, 1868-1891.

Archbishop of York, 1891.

William Connor Magee, D.D.

THE death on May 5th, 189 1, of the Most Rev. William Connor
Magee, h.d.. Archbishop of York and lately Bishop of Peter-
borough, removed one of the most capable and eloquent
members of the Episcopal Bench. Justly he has been called *'The
Great Bishop of Peterborough;'* and though he died Archbishop of
York, it is as the Bishop of this diocese that he will be known in
history. He came of a race of Irish bishops. The Magee family
seems to have settled in Ireland in the fifteenth century. In 1 790
we have the ordination of his grandfather, the Rev. William Magee,
who became successively. Dean of Cork, Bishop of Raphoe, and
Archbishop of Dublin. His three sons were all clergyman. John
the eldest, the father of the late Archbishop of York, was rector of
Drogheda. His eldest son, William Connor Magee, in 1844 became
curate in the parish of S. Thomas', DuWin, where the second son of
the Archbishop of Dublin was incumbent.

William Connor Magee had a good college record. He won a
scholarship in 1838, and took his b.a. at Dublin University in 1842.
Failing health when connected with S. Thomas* compelled him to
take a trip to Malaga, in southern Spain. On his recovery
he became curate of S. Saviour's, Bath. Here, afterwards as joint
incumbent and then as sole incumbent of the Octagon Chapel, he
laboured for nine years. Of that ministry we have a memorial in two
volumes of sermons. The first series was delivered at 8. Saviour's,
the second in the Octagon Chapel. In i860 he accepted the perpetual
curacy of Quebec Chapel, Portman square, London, where he soon
showed that he had justly won his Bath reputation for pulpit eloquence.
He became recognised as one of the most popular preachers of the
metropolis. Six months later he was presented by his University to
the rectory of Enniskillen, and subsequently he was made Dean of
Cork, Donellan Lecturer at the University of Dublin, and Dean of
the Chapel Royal at Dublin. Year by year he grew more famous as
an orator 3 he was constantly preaching on both sides of the channel.

and was frequently occupying the pulpits at S. Paul's, Westminster
Abbey, and Windsor. Mr. Disraeli, in 1868, made him Bishop of
Peterborough, an appointment which was received with marked
approval; and two years later, in t8jo, the University of Oxford
conferred on the new bishop the honorary degree of D;C.l.

As soon as the new bishop settled down as diocesan, he set
to work with a reforming hand. He was a church reformer. He
put bis finger on abuses and abolished them, on needs and supplied
them. His ready tongue and mother wit aided his sound common
sense and reforming views. He was essentially a statesman. His
charges to bis clergy invariably showed that, and they invariably
showed too, that the bishop never flinched from speaking out plainly
and loudly when there was reason for it. As a matter of fact, he had
a real Irish delight in a contest ; and he enjoyed a tilt with popular
fallacies and common heterodoxy. Daring the 22 years he remained
Bishop of Peterborough he was always reforming — save when eight
years ago, a serious illness brought him so near to death's door that
few expected to hear him again. When he recovered, as he did to the
great joy of the diocese, a handsome oil portrait of his lordship was
presented to him by his clergy. The painting, which was the
work of Mr. Frank HoU, r.a., was handed to his lordship at the
Diocesan Conference at Peterborough on October 14th, 1885. The
picture was accompanied by an address which expressed the wish
that it would become an heirloom of the Episcopal Palace. The
presentation was made by Lord John Manners. Having regained his
health. Bishop Magee continued his work> and he lived to see
carried out to the end, an extensive scheme for qhurch extension in
Northampton, to enlarge a similar movement in Leicester, and to
voice aloud the Cry of the Children, and carry its banner to the victory
of the " Children's Charter." The scheme for church extension in
Northampton was promulgated in 187J, when the Church Extension
Society was formed. The parliamentary borough had a population of
about 49,000, and the Church of England provided accommodation
for 8,063 only, 16 per cent. It was decided to build four churches
at an estimated cost of sSsStgio, The bishop saw that through, and
no one worked harder for it than he did. S. Lawrence's, S. MichaePs,
S. Mary's (Far Cotton), and S. Paul's, have all been erected. Last
year the bishop reminded churchmen, that even with this brilliant
record they must not stop The town was increasing, and church
extension must go on with the increase. Last year Dr. Magee was
appointed chairman of the Royal Commission on Life Insurance of
Children. Mr. Waugh showed him the need of legislation on this

subject ; and he worked as no other man could work to bring it about.
He was working at this right into the middle of his fatal illness ; he
did not allow his translation to the superior dignity of York to
interfere with it. Dr. Thomson, Archbishop of York, died on
Christmas morning, 1890. Lord Salisbury selected for his successor
Dr. Magee, who preached his farewell sermon in Peterborough
Cathedral on March yth. He was enthroned at York on the 17th of
the same month — S. Patrick's day, but he had not really settled in
his new sphere of work when, on May j^th, he succumbed, a victim
to the influenza epidemic. His body was interred with great
solemnity in Peterborough Cathedral, where a memorial worthy of
*' The Great Bishop of Peterborough '* is to be erected.

The following list of Works by the late Archbishop of York, and
Replies thereto has been collated from Mr* John Taylor's Biblioiheca
Norihantonensis,
Bermona deliyered at S. Sayiour's Ghuroh, Bath. London, 18iS0.

Seoond edition. London^ 1852.

Christian Socialism ; or, Many Members, one Body. A Charity Sermon [on

1 Cor. zii, 20] preached at Waloot, February 6th, 1862. Bath, 1862.

Aurioolar Confession and Priestly Absolution. A Lecture delivered at Dor-
chester, October 13, 1862. London, 1862.

Auricular Confession in the Church of England. A Speech delivered in
Freemasons* Hall, London, November 10, 1862. London, 1862.

Talking to Tables a Great Folly or a Great Sin. A Sermon [on Luke xvi, 30,
81] delivered in the Octagon Chapel^ Bath, September 26, 1863. Second
edition. Bath, 1863.

Fourth Edition. Bath, 1863.

The Blessing on the Pure in Heart. A Sermon. Sold for the Benefit of the

** Soldiers' Sick and Wounded Fund." Bath, 1864.

Sermons at the Octagon Chapel, Bath. Bath, 1864.

Remains of Edward Tottenham, b.d., Bath^ and Prebendary of Wells. Edited

with a Memoir by W. C. Magee, b.d. London, 1856.

A Plea for the Poor Man's Sunday. A Sermon [on 2 Sam. zziii, 3] preached

at Bath, February 3, 1866. London, 1866.

National Sunday League. Speech on the Sabbath Question, delivered in the

Assembly Booms, Bath, December 17) 1866, in Reply to the Advocates of

the Sunday League. Bath [1866].

Christ the Light of all Scripture. An Act Sermon [on Rev. xzi, 23] preached

in the Chapel of Trinity College, Dublin, June 24, 1860, for the Degree

of D.D. Bath, 1860.

The Voluntary System : Can it Supply the Place of the Established Church ?

With recent Facts and Statistics from America. Buth, 1860.

Third edition. Bath, 1861.

Lights of the Morning . . . From the German of Frederic Arndt. With

a Preface by the Rev. W. C. Magee, d.d. London, 1861.

The Gospel axid iLe Age. A Sermon [on 1 Cor. i, 22-24] preached at the
Chapel Royal, Whitehall, Decemher 23» 1860. London, 1861.

Second,edltlon. London, 1861.

Dublin Young Men*s Christian Aaaociation Lectures, 1861. — Bichard Baxter,
his Life and Times. Dublin, 1862.

London Young Men's Christian Association Lectures, 1862. The Uses of
Prophecy. London, 1862.

Dublin Young Men's Christian Association Lectures, 1863. — Scepticism.

I>ubl%n, 1864.

Growth in Grace. A Sermon [on 2 Peter iii, 18] preached in the Church of
St. Mary-the- Virgin, Oxford, March 25, 1863. No. xi. of the Oxford
Lenten Sermons for 1863. Oxford, 1863.

The (Church's Fear and the Church's Hope. A Sermon [on Acts xxviii, 15]
preached in the Cathedral Church of Wells, October 4, 1864. Bath, 1864.

Sermon [on Matt, iv, 1] preached at St. Bride's Church, Fleet Street, April 30,
1866, before the Church Missionary Society for Africa and the East.

London, 1866.

Bebnilding the Wall in Troublous Times. A Sermon [on Neh. iv, 10, 1 1, 19, 20]
preached at S. Andrew's Church, Dublin, November 30. Second edition.

Dublin, 1866.

The Conflict of Christ in His Church. Sermon xii. [on Ps. ix. 6] The Great
Overthrow. Oxford, 1866.

Compassion on the Multitude. A Sermon [on Matt, xv, 32] preached in West-
minster Abbey on the 166th Anniversary of the Society for the Propagation
of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, June 27, 1867. London, 1867.

The Sermons and Addresses delivered at a Conference of Clergy held in Oxford,
July, 1867. Address by the Very Bev. the Dean of Cork : The Bule
of Faith. Oxford, 1867.

The Miraculous Stilling of the Storm. [On Matt. viii. 26.] Preached in St.
Paul's Cathedral, March 29, 1868. No. xiv. of The Anglican Pulpit of
To-Day. London, 1886.

The Victor in the Conflict, &c. Sermon [on Rom. viii, 2] preached during the
Season of Lent, 1867, in Oxford. Sermon iii : The Victor, Manifest in
the Flesh. Oxford, 1868.

The Christian Theory of the Origin of the Christian Life. A Sermon [on
John X, 10] preached in Norwich Cathedral, August 23, 1868, on the Occasion
of the Meeting of the British Association. London, 1868.

The Breaking Net. A Sermon preached on the Occasion of the Meeting of the
Church Congress, at S. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, September 29, 1868.

Dublin, 1868.
Fourth edition Dublin, 1868.

The Irish Church Establishment : Dean Magee's Fallacies Exposed, &c. By
J. A. Mowatt, DubKn. Dublin [1868.]

« The Things that are Wanting." A Sermon preached in the Chapel Royal,
Whitehall, at the the Consecration of the Right Rev. William C. Magee,
n.D., Lord Bishop of Peterborough, by J. C. Macdonnell, d.d. Lotidon, 1868.

V t

,-l

*';T ;

i (.A.

^ffffrif'(fift{irffttteff7ti'ettitui£

^tm0 of ti^e Dflo0t l&eto. aSttUtam <!ronnor Dflagcr^ I9«
13t0|^o{i of peterborougti^ 1868-1 891.
arctjbwijop of |?otft, 1891.

A Letter addressed to the Bishop of Peterborough, in Reply to his Speech in the
Honse of Lords, June 16, 1869, on the Irish Church, Ac. By W. Palmer,
Baptist Minister. London,

The Fourth Annual Report of the Church Extension Society, for the Town and
County of Leicester, Ttith the Address of the Right Rev. the Lord
Bishop of Peterborough. Leicester ^ 1869.

National Education Union. A Speech delivered at the Leicester Conference
of the National Education Union, January 27, 1870. Manchester^ 1870.

Unsectarian Education ; a Reply to the Bishop of Peterborough, by the Rev.
J. W. Caldicott, Head Master of the Bristol Grammar School. Bristoly 1870.

** Honour all Men," &o. A Sermon [on 1 Pet. ii, 17] preached in Peterborough
Cathedral, May 19, 1870, on the Occasion of the Meeting of the Provincial
Grand Lodge. Taylor, Northampton, 1870.

Norwich Cathedral Augfumentative Discourses, &o. Series i. Three Sermons :
Christianity and Freethought, Christianity and Scepticism, Christianity
and Faith. Norwich, 1871.

Pleadings for Christ. Three Discourses. Series i. Norwich, 1^1 \,

Notes on Bishop Magee's Pleadings for Christ. By a Barrister. Ramsgate, 1871.

Christian Evidence Series, No. 6. Norwich Cathedral Argumentative Discourses.
On the Demonstration of the Spirit. London, 1871.

On the Proveableness of God. Correspondence between W. H. Gillespie, of
Torbanehill, and the Bishop of Peterborough. London, 1871.

National Religious Education. A Sermon [on Matt, xiii, 28] preached in All
Saints* Church, Northampton, March 10, 1872, on Behalf of the Parochial
Schools. Taylor % Son, Northampton, 1872.

Northampton Lenten Mission. The Opening Address on March 21, 1871, in
the Com Exchange. (Reprinted from the Northampton Serald),

Harris, Northampton, 1871.

Northampton Lenten Mission. Three Sermons preached March 26, 1871, at
the Union Workhouse, at the Church of S. Edmund's, and at the Church
of S. Andrew's. Taylor ^ Son, Northampton, 1871.

A Charge delivered to the Clergy and Churchwardens of the Diocese of Peter-
borough, at his Primary Visitation, October, 1872. London, 1872.

" Prayer." A Sermon [on Luke xi. 2] preached at S. Mary's, Oxford, March
19, 1873. Oxford, 1873.

Christianity in Relation to Freethought, Scepticism, and Faith : Three Dis-
courses by the Bishop of Peterborough. With Special Replies by Mr.
Charles Bradlaugh London [1873].

Consecrated Ground. Portion of a Sermon preached after the Consecration of
a Graveyard. , Biden, Northampton, 1874.

Speech delivered in the House of Lords, April 21, 1874, on Moving for a Select
Committee to Inquire into the Laws relating to Patronage, Simony, and
Exchange of Benefices in the Church of England. London, 1874.

A Charge delivered to the Clergy and Churchwardens of the Diocese of Peter-
borough at his Second Visitation, October, 1875. London, 1875.

Hospitals for Incurables considered from a Moral Point of View. [Anonymous] .
To be read on Tuesday, April 13, 1875, at the Grosvenor Hotel, at
8.30 p.m. Private. [Metaphysical Society's Papers.] No. lii.

Kortbampion MiBMon. The Law of the Gospel. A Sermon [on Rey. xxii, 10,

11, 12] preached at St. Kaiherine's Church, Northampton. To Hen only

February 27, 1876. Taylor ^ Son, Northampton, 1876.

Second Edition. Northampton, 1876.

A Reply to the Bishop of Peterborough's Speech in the House of Lords on

Intemperance, &o., by the Bey. R. M. Grier. With a Letter from the

Right Rer. Bishop Magee. London, 1876.

Patrons Defence Association. Remarks on the Bishop of Peterborough's

Church Patronage Bill, &c., 1876.
The Gkuipel of the Resurrection, Good News for the Poor. London, S.P.C.K.
Life, Death, Judgment, Eternity. Four Sermons preached in Peterborough

Cathedral during Advent, 1877, by the Bishop of Peterborough, Rev.

W. J. Enox-Little, Rev. W. C. Ingram, and Rev. Canon Ryle.

Peterborough, 1878.
The Ethics of Persecution. [Anonymous.] To be read on Tuesday, June lU

1878, at 8.30 p.m. Private. [Metaphysical Society's Papers.] No. Ixxvi.
A Charge delivered to the Clergy and Churchwardens of the Diocese of Peter-
borough, at his Third Visitation, October, 1878. London, 1878.
The Sunday School Teacher's Work. A Sermon [on Joshua xxiv, 16] preached

at the Diocesan Festival of Sunday School Teachers, held in Peterborough

Cathedral, in Connection with the Sunday School Centenary, July 1, 1880.

Taylor ^ Son, Northampton, 1880.
The Gk)8pel and the Age. Sermons on Special Occasions. London, 1884.

An Address Presented to the Lord Bishop of Peterborough, together with hi^

Portrait, at the Diocesan Conference at Peterborough, October 14, 1885.
The Danger and the Evils of Disestablishment, and the Duty of Churchmen. A

Speech at the Peterborough Diocesan Conference, October 14, 1885. Printed

for the Church Defence Institution. London^ 1885.

Letter to the Bishop d Peterborough on Disestablishment, by a Liberal

Evangelical Clergyman. London, 1885.

Disestablishment and Disendowment. What they mean, and what must come

of them. London, 1885.

Helps to Belief. The Atonement. London, 1887.

Sermons on the Creed, delivered in Peterborough Cathedral during Lent, 1887.

A Defence of Creeds. [On Rom. x. 9, 10.]

God the Father. [On John xvii. 6.]

God the Creator. [On Gen. i. 1.]

Jesus the Saviour. [On Matt. i. 21.]

Jesus the Christ. [On Lukeii. 1 1 .]
Tbb CoKTEiCFO&ABT PuLPiT. London : Swan Sonnensehein ^ Co.

A New Year's Sermon. [On Phil. ill. 13, 14]. Preached in Peterborough
Cathedral on Sunday, January 2nd. vol. vii., 1887.

The Clergy's Distress. A Sermon [on Matt. xx. 8] preached, on behalf of
the Clergy Distress Fund, at St. Peter's, Eaton Square, on ISunday,
June 26, 1887. vol. viii., 1887.

Public Worship. [On Heb. x. 26.] vol. viii., 1887.

God's Revelations to Men. [On Heb. i. 1, 2]. Preached in the Parish
Church, Peterborough, on Christmas Morning, 1887. vol. ix., 1888.

The Contemporary Pulpit Library. Sermons by the Right Bey. W. C. Magee,
D.D., Lord Bishop of Peterborough. Second Edition. London^ 1889.

Holding Forth the Word of Life. Sermon preached for the Prayer-Book and
. Homily Society. n.d.

Farewell Sermon Preached in Peterborough Cathedral, March 8, 1891, on the
Occasion of his leaving the Bishopiick of Peterborough, for the Arch-
bishoprick of York. Feterdorouffh, 1891.

Twenty-Two Years, 1868-1890. A Betrospeot of Archbishop Magve's
Episcopate. By Rev. J. E. Stocks^ R.D.

Peterborough Dioeeean Magazine^ August, 1891.

The following particulprs are given in Crockford*s Clerical
Directory for 1 890 : —

Peterborough, Right Rey. William Connor Maobb, Palace, Peterborough. —
Late Soho. (1838) of T.C.D. ; Abp. King's Div. Pri. (Firnt) 1841 ; B.A. 1842,
M.A. and B.D. 1854; D.D. 1860. )| 1844 Ches. 9 1845 Tuam both for Dub.
Cons. Ld. Bp. of Pet. 1808. (Jurisdiction Counties of Leicester, Northampton
and Rutland; Dedication of Cathl. St. Peter; 1 Dean; 4 Canons; 24 Hon.
Canons ; 3 Minor Canons ; 1 Organist ; 1 Master of Cathl. Sch ; 8 Lay Vicars ;
12 Choristers; 3 Vergers; Inc. of See £4500; Pop. 612,725; 1938 sq. miles;
Deaneries, 40 ; Benefices, 582 ; Patronage, Archdeaconries, Canonries, Hon.
Canonries, 85 Benefices; 2 alternate presentations; Curates 254; 40 other
clergy ; 565 Parsonages ; Church Sittings 196,222 ; Ember Seasons for holding
Ordinations, Trinity, Advent.) JF. C. of St. Thos. Dub. 1844-46; St.
Saviour, Bath, 1847-50; Min. of Octagon Chap. Bath, 1851-56; P.O. of
Quebec Chap. 1856-64 ; * R. and V. of Enniskillen and Prec. of Clogher,
1860-64 ; Dean of Cork 1864-68 ; Dean of Vice-Regal Chap. Dub. 1866-68 ;
Select Pr. at Ox. 1880-82.

Biographical notices have appeared in the following : —

The Titnetf Standard^ Daily Telegraph, Morning Advertiser, etc.. May 6, 1891.

Feterborough Diocesan Magazine, May and August, 1891.

Church Times, May 8, 1891

Northampton Mercury, May 8, 1891.

Northampton Herald, May 9, 1891.

Peterborough Advertiser, May 9, 1891.

Teterborough Standard, May 9, 1891.

The Guardian, May 13, 1891.

The Sunday at Home, May 23, 1891.

The Sunday Magazine, by the Rev. Benjamin Waugh, July, 1891.

Good Words, by the Rev. Canon MacDonnell, D.D., August, 1891.

We are indebted to Mr. T. Shepard for the drawing of the arms
of Dr. Magee ; and to Mr. Henry Butterfield, of the Northampton
Herald, for the block of the portrait

* This is a mistake. The dates should be 1859-60.

Archbishop Maoee. — The followiog extracts may be of interest-
Froni a transcript of the register of births, marriages, and burials of
the cathedral church of St. Fin-Barre, Cork, made by the late Richard
Caullield, ll.d., f.s a. (now, with all his other transcripts, in my
possession) : —

1821. *'Deo. 1. John Egan commenced as Lie. Curate. I John Magee
resigned this B/egr 30 Nov. 1821.

« 26. Magee, Will. Connor, s. of Bev^ John & Marianne, hn. Dec. 17 in
the Lihrary of St. Fmbarr's. J. M. P. (Now, 1880, Bp. of Peterborough.)"

From the Cork Constitution of April 28 : —

'' Sir,~In this day's Oonititution you draw attention to the question as to
the birthplace of Archbishop Magee. His Grace, when visiting Cork last
summer, came to the library, St. Fin Barrels, and pointed out the room at the
south end of the library as the room in which he was bom. * Brady's Records,*
therefore, seem to be in error in giving the Deanery, Cork, as the house in
which he was bom. I may add that the Archbishop asked to see the catalogue
of the library, which was written by his mother, and which ii^ still in use. —
Yours, &o.

"G. W. Healt.
"The Library, St. Fin Barre's, Cork, April 27th, 1891."

c. c. w.

—Notes and Queriet, 7th 8. xi., p. 386, May 16, 1891.

Addenda.

THE Rev. J. E. Stocks, r.d., in the Peterborough Diocesan
Magazine^ gave in five articles a *' Retrospect of Archbishop
Magee's Episcopate " under the title of " Twenty-Two Years,
1 868-1890." The articles are :—

Ang^st — G^eral Retrospect.
September — ^A. Education.

Ootober—B. Church Restoration and Church Extension.
November — C. The Diocesan Conference and the Diocesan Association.
December^Condusion.

The following sixteen sermons in The Contemporary Pulpit
Extras were transcribed from shorthand-writer's notes, entirely
unrovised by the late archbishop, who was in no way responsible for
their publication.

Bishop Maqeb Extra No. 1, Price Sixpence. The Contemporary Pulpit.
Quarterly Extra No. 3. July 1887.

Sermons on the Creeds.

A Defence of Creeds p. 1.

Ood the Father p. 14.

Ood the Creator p. 26.

Jesus the Saviour p. 89.

Jesus the Christ p. 49.

By the Right Rev. W. C. Magbe, D.D., Lord Bishop of Peterborough.
Swan Sonnensohein, Lowrej & Co. *

Bishop Magee Extra. No. 2. Price Sixpence. The Contemporary Pulpit.
Quarterly Extra. No 6. April 1888.

The Church's Catechism.

" What is your Name ? " p. 66.

Baptism p. 78.

Christ's Kingdom on Earth p. 81.

'* The Pomps and Vanities of this wicked world " p. 90.

"The Sinful Lusts of the Flesh " p. 100.

The Creeds of the Church p. 109,

" God's Holy Will and Commandments " p. 118.

By the Right Rev. W. C. Magee, D.D., Lord Bishop of Peterborough.

Swui Sonnenschein, Lowrey & Co.

BUhop Maqee Extra. No. 8. Price Sixpence. The Contemporary Pulpit.
Quarterly Extra. No. 7. July 1888.

Abraham's Faith. p. 129.

The Kingdom of Chriat. p. 144.

National Idolatry. p. 156.

Jacob's Wrestling. p. 170.

By the Right Rer. W. C. Magvb, D.D., Lord Bishop of Peterborough.
8wsn SoDBenMhein and Oo.

Three Sermons on the Death of the Rey. Edward Tottenham, B.D., Prebendary of
Wells,- and Minister of Laura Chapel, Preaehed in Bath, by the Her. W. C.
Magbb, B.A., the Rev. J. Evans, M.A., the Rey. J. East, M.A.
Bath: B. E. Peaoh (Pooock'i Library), 8, Bridge Street. Hamilton, Adams, and Co.,
Hstehards, and Saeleyi, London. 1863.

Talking to Tables a Qreat Folly or a Qreat Sin ; being the Substance of a Sermon
delivered in the Octagon Chapel, Bath, on Sunday Afternoon, Sept. 25, 1853, by
the Rev. W. C. Magbe, D.D., Prebendary of Wells, and Minister of Quebec
Chapel, London. Third Edition.

• • • •

LovDOV : Bell and Daldy, 180, Fleet Street Bath : B. S. Peach, Bridge Street. 1881.

Exeter Hall Lectures The Uses of Prophecy. By the Rev. William C. Magee,
D.D., Rector of Enniskillen.
LovDOH : James Nisbet ft Co. Berners St. B. B. Peaoh, Bath. [1862.]

The Miraculous Stilling of the Storm.

'* Then He arose, and rebnked the winds and the sea;
and there was a great oalm." Matt. riii. 2-6.

The Anglican Pulpit of To-Day, 1886.

Sermon preached by the Bishop of Peterborough, in St. Martin's Church, Stamford
Baron. Sunday Evening, Oct. 16th, 1887.
Stakvobd : Bookes Bros., " Post " Printing Works.

Christian Evidence Series, No. 16. The Gospel of the Resurrection, Good News for

the Poor. By the Right Rev. W. Magee, D.D., Lord Bishop of Peterborough.

LoKsoH : Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, Sold at the Depositories : 77, Great

Queen Street, Lincohi's Inn Fields ; 4, Royal Exchange ; 48, HoosdiJly j and by all

Booksellers. ^

The Last Sermon preached by the late Arch-Bishop of York. Farewell Sermon of
the Most Rev. William Connob Magbe, D.D., D.C.L., preached in Peter-
borough Cathedral, 8th March, 1891, on the occasion of his leaving the
Bishoprick of Peterborough, for the Archbishopriok of York,
PxxBBBOBOVGK : Geo. 0. Caster, Market place. London : Simpkin, Marshsll, Hamilton,
Kent & Co., Ld., Stationers' Hall Court.

The three foUowiDg were published posthumously*

Growth in Grace and other Sermons By the late W. C. MagkB, D.D. Lord
Archbishop of York, Author of " The Gospel and the Age" Edited by Charles
S. Magee Barrister-at-Law .
LoBDOH Isbister end Company Limited 15 & 16 Tavistoek Street Covent Garden 1891

Christ the Light of all Scripture By the late W. C. Maobe, D.D. Lord Archbishop
of York, Author of " The Gospel and the Age " Edited by Charles S. M aqee
Barrister-at-La w .
LoHDON Isbister and Company Limited 16 & 16 TaTistoek Street OoTent Oarden 1802.

I. Christ the Light of all Scripture.

II. Mystery and Faith.

III. Original Sin.

IV. Actual Sin.

V. The Pure in Heart

VI. The Offence of the Cross.

VII. The Effect of the Gospel.
VIII. Christ on the Cross.

IX. The Difficulty and the Efficacy of Prayer.

X. A Lost Text Regained.

XI. First Pastoral Charge.
Appendix.

Speeches and Addresses By the late W. C. Mageb D.D. Lord Archbishop of York
Author of **The Gospel and the Age" etc Edited by Charles S, Mageb
Barrister-at-Law.
LovDOV Isbister and Company Limited 15 Jb 16 Taristoek Street Covent Garden 1892

I. Irish Church BiU.

II. The Danger of Disestablishment.

ITI. National Education Union.

IV. Marriage with a Deceased Wife's Sister Bill.

V. Ecclesiastical Courts and Registries Bill.

VI. Ecclesiastical Courts Bill.

VII. The Temperance Question.

VIII. The Reform of the Laws relating to Church Patronage,
IX. Burial Acts Consolidation Bill.

X. Cruelty to Animals BiU.

XI. Cathedral Statutes BUI.

XII. Parish Churches Bill.

XIII. Discipline of the Clergy.

XIV. Addresses to Working Men.
XV, Nonconformity.

XVI. Children's Life Insurance Bill.

[Particulars of the following editions of works by Dr. Magee have
not been given, owing to the inability of tracing copies. —

TaUdng to Tables. First Edition.

Bebnilding the Walls in Troublesome Times. First Edition.

The Voluntary System. Second Edition.

The Breaking Net. Second and Third Editions.

I should be glad of the loan of any of the above.

John Taylor.]

THE PETITION

Commisskn 0f ^p. Sffilpe ^ennelt,

THE RE-BUILDING OF THE

Pai\ish Chui\ch of IStoke Doyle,

Lata ov Movdxevtb axd Ibbcbiptiobb zv t* Old Cuuhuu.

From the Original MS. in the Handwriting of the Rev. yohn Yorke,

Rector, 1721.

Annotated by thk Rev. J. T. Burt,

Sector, 1882.

ov m
j^ARISH AND PaI\JSH ChURCH OP SxOKB DoTLB,

BT THS

Rbv. W. D. sweeting, M.A.,
Vicar of Maxey, late Head Master of the Kings School, Peterborough.

Illvbcbatioh of the Ohubohbi asd Flam.

TAYLOR & SON, PRINTERS AND PUBLISHERS.
Ouhocb: ALFRED KING. Fbxebbobouoh : G. C. CASTER.

To OUi\^ j^EADEI^S.

A SHORT time since the original MS., containing "y* Coppies of
all such instruments as passed In order for takeing away y old and
Erecting y New Church," of Stoke Doyle, near Oundle, was
forwarded me by Mr. Downing, of the Chaucer Head Book Store,
Birmingham. It had been prepared by direction of Bishop
White Kennett, whose regard for, and careful noting of, all matters
pertaining to the antiquities of his diocese, are too well known for
comment. It occurred to me that the publication of the MS. would
add yet another link to the Ecclesiastical and Architectural History
of our County.

By the kindness of the Rev. W.D. Sweeting, Vicar of Maxey,
I am able to add his valuable Historical and Architectural Notes;
and I have also gratefully to acknowledge the courteous assistance
of the Rev. J. T. Burt, the late Rector of Stoke Doyle, who has
not only given the amplest facilities for inquiries, but has himself
contributed a letter containing many interesting items, the result
of his researches.

Norihampiony

December, 1884.

John Taylor.

DDENDA.

In addition to the churches named on p. 22, mention should be
made of a church at Lincoln, now destroyed, dedicated to S. Rum bold.

John Whitehall, rector, who was buried in the chancel without
inscription in 1685, was chaplain to Bp. Henshaw of Peterborough.
He was born in Shropshire, and educated at Oriel College, Oxford.
He was also some time rector of Sutton under Bray ley, co. Glouc,
rector of Fiskerton, co. Line, and for a few months in 1682 rector of
Peakirk and Glinton, co. Northants. He was canon of Peterborough
from 1669 till his death.

'^:^Smt -^MMM-rm, mm

^xni of S^nhBtxxhtxB.

Very Rev. Lord Alwyne Compton, The Deanery, Worcester. (2 copies)

The Lady Knightley, Fawsley Park

Sir Henry Dryden, Bart., Canon's Ashby

Pickering Phipps, Esq., M.P., Collingtree G-range

Robert Loder, Esq., M.P., Whittlebury, Towcester

Archdeacon F. H. Thicknesse, Peterborough

G-. E. Cokayne, Esq., College of Arms, London, E.C.

The Library of the Corporation of London, Griiildhall, E.C.

Science and Art Department, South Kensington

Architectural Society of the Archdeaconry of Northampton

Natural History Society, Peterborough

Mr. Sidney O. Addy, M.A., George Street, Sheffield

Mr. W. Armitage, Wootton Under Edge

Mr. John Avery, Jun., 12 St. Thomas Road, South Hackney

Mr. J. E. Bailey, Stretford, Manchester

Mr. Francis Bayley, 66 Cambridge Terrace, London

Rev. H. J. Bigge, Hallaton Hall, Uppingham

Mr. H. A. Brooksbank, Crawthom Villa, Peterborough

Rev. J. T. Burt, Widding^n, Bishop's Stortford, Essex. (3 copies)

Rev. G. H. Capron, Southwick, Oundle

Mr. Q^orge C. Caster, Peterborough

Mrs. M. A. Cattel, Peterborough

Mr. C. Dack, Peterborough. (2 copies)

Rev. J. Dimont, Southwick, Oundle

Mr. William Downing, Chaucer's Head, Birmingham

Rev. John Ingle Dredge, Buckland Brewer Vicarage, Bideford

Rev. G. M. Edmonds, Stoke Doyle Rectory, Oundle. (2 copies)

Mr. Edward Fisher, F.S.A. Scot., Abbotsbury, Newton Abbot

Mr. J. L. Gtillard, Towcester

Mr. W. E. George, Downside, Stoke Bishop, Bristol

Mr. Francis James, 190 Cromwell Road, London

Mr. W. F. Murday Green, * * Leamington' ' Southcote Row, Bournemouth

Mr. M. H, Holding, Northampton

VIU.

Mr. iUfred £ixig:, Onndle

Mr. Edmund Law, Northampton

Mr. G. A. Markham, Northampton

Bey. E. M. Moore, Benefield, Oundle

Eev. H. W. Oxford, Peterborough

Mr. T. Osbom, Northampton. (2 copies)

Mr. W. B. Boberts, Manor House, Hampton, Middlesex

Mr. D. Sheffield, Earl's Barton

Bey. W. D. Sweeting, Mazey Vicarage

Mr. John Thompson, Peterborough

Mr. John Tolhurst, Glenbrook, Beokenham

Dr. Thomas James Walker, Peterborough

Mr. Fred. Wallis, Kettering

Bey. William Linton Wilson, M.A., Oakhnrst School, Chigwell

Mr. James F. T. Wiseman, The Chase, Paglesham, Essex

1
1

-^i^f-

®|)c ®rast of Clabttnmcnt.

A SERMON

PBEACHED BEFORE

The Worshipful The Mayor,

(R. CLEAVER, ESQ.),

AND

THE COEPOEATION OF NOETHAMPTON,

AND

THE ASSEMBLED CLEEGY,

JlU faints' dhnxchf llnrtljantpton,

The Occasion of the Queen^s Jubilee,

TUESDAY, JUNE 21st, 1887,

F. H. THICKNESSE, D.D.,

Archdeacon of Northamjpton ; Canon Residentiary of Peterborough.

NORTHAMPTON :
The Dryden Press, TAYLOR & SON, 9, College Street.

1887.

The Trust of Government.

I Sam. XII., I.

' And Samuel said unto all Israel I have walked before

you from my childhood unto this day. Behold here I am."

THE throne and the judgment-seat at all times call
for goodness, justice, and purity. How well is it
for the land when all the thousands of Israel meet their
Ruler face to face, and admit that they have been
found there! When Samuel here stood before all
Israel he stood before them in conscious rectitude.
He stood before them to give account of a trust. It
was the trust of government. It is a solemn thing
to receive the trust of government. It is a more
solemn thing to give account of it. Samuel no doubt
felt guilty of many sins and shortcomings before
God. Biit for his public behaviour, for his faithfulness
to the trust of government, he appeals both to God
and man.

" And Samuel said unto all Israel, I am old and
grayheaded; and my sons are with you : and I have

walked before you from my childhood unto this day.
Behold, here I am : witness against me before the Lord-
Whom have I defrauded? whom have I oppressed? or
of whom have I received any bribe to blind mine eyes
therewith ? The Lord is witness that ye have not found
ought in my hand. And the people answered, He is
Witness."

And then this great Prophet and Ruler under that
old Theocracy when God himself was king, " his
righteousness once made clear as the light and his just
dealing as the noon-day," immediately turns off the
people's eyes from himself to God, the Judge of all,
the Giver of all good gifts to Nations, to Him by whom
alone " Kings reign and princes decree justice." Once
more he calls upon them for a Public Thanksgiving.
As he had at an earlier stage taken the pillar and set
it up in Mizpeh — " the Stone of Help " — and said
"Hitherto hath the Lord helped us ;" so now once more
he recalls them to the duty of National Thanksgiving.
Do me justice if you will, he says, but do not thank
me. "It is the Lord, it is the Lord that advanced
Moses and Aaron and brought your fathers up out of
Egypt and made them dwell in this place. Now,
therefore, stand still, that I may reason with you before
the Lord, of all the righteous acts of the Lord which
he did to you and to your fathers."

Some such scene England sees to-day. A nation
is assembled as one man face to face with its Ruler —

a nation of princes, of priests, of nobles, of senators,
of statesmen, of magistrates, of soldiers, of civilians,
of every rank and order of the people. Within the
. same Abbey walls at Westminster in which the trust
of government was given to her by God and her
subjects. Queen Victoria goes forth to-day to make
her appeal to God and the nation again. By her own
act, " not of constraint but of a ready mind ; *' by her
own Order in Council, she assembles her people this
day, after "judging Israel fifty years," to meet her
face to face ; and it is not that the people may thank
her (though they will and ought to do so) for any
service she has rendered. It is that all may join her
in one united act of public and national thanksgiving
to Almighty God for the divine favour and protection
afforded her. She goes to Westminster at this time
to cast her crown before the altar from whence she
received it and to say, *' Not unto us, O Lord, not
unto us, but unto Thy name give the praise. Both
riches and honour come of Thee and Thou reignest
over all. Now, therefore, O God, we thank Thee, and
evermore will praise Thy glorious name."

Yes, if we would really enter into the meaning of
the Jubilee Act of to-day, and gauge its significance,
we must go back to the Acts of the Accession and
the Coronation. We are invited, expressly invited, to
a retrospect. We are appealed to for the discharge
of a trust of fifty years' rule, and we must first
remember how that trust was given, how it was given

in God's name and in God's house, with the very same
sanctions of religion as to-day, before we can really
take account of the manner of its administration and
accomplishment.

In the 1 2th section of the Coronation Service,
which was used at Westminster, June 28, 1838, after
the anointing of the Sovereign and many prayers for
the counsel and assistance of the Holy Ghost, I read:
"Then the Archbishop, standing before the altar,
taketh the crown into his hands, and layeth it again
before him upon the altar. Then the Queen, still
sitting in King Edward's chair, the Dean of West-
minster brings the Crown, and the Archbishop
taking it of him, reverently layeth it upon the Queen's
head and saith : * Be strong and of a good courage.
Observe the commandments of God and walk in His
holy ways. Fight the good fight of faith. Lay hold
on eternal life ; that in this world you may be crowned
with success and honour, and when you have finished
your course, may receive a crown of righteousness,
which the Lord, the righteous judge, shall give you in
that day. Amen.'

" Then shall the Dean of Westminster take the
Holy Bible, which was before carried in the procession,
from off the altar, and deliver it to the Archbishop^
who shall present it to the Queen with these words : —

" * Our gracious Queen, we present you with this
Book, the most valuable thing that this world affords-

Here is wisdom. Thi3 is the royal law. These are
the lively oracles of God. Blessed is he that readeth
and they that hear the words of this Book, for these
are the words of eternal life, able to make you wise
and happy in this world, yea, wise unto salvation, and
so happy for evermore, through faith which is in Christ
Jesus, to whom be glory for ever. Amen/ "

This same monarch, our Queen, who thus solemnly
received into her hand God's holy word in the sight
of her assembled people, was some years afterwards
asked by a foreign prince, when her reign was
becoming so illustrious in the eyes of the world, to
what she attributed the greatness of England. A
Bible happening to be on a table within her reach, she
made answer in only two words : " To this," laying
her hand at the same time on those very same laws
and commandments of God, which in the coronation
oath she had so solemnly sworn to " maintain to the
utmost of her power,''

The Act of to-day then (as well as the long interven-
ing period of these forty-nine years) exactly corresponds
with those Acts of the Coronation. Begun in God's
fear and in the love of His holy name, the reign of
Victoria is, after 50 years, once more to-day conse-
crated and sanctified by the Word of God, and by
the voice of prayer and thanksgiving in the Lord's
house. The Lord himself is witness this day that the
solemn trust of government, so long ago given and

received, has not been abused. And what thanks and
praise do we, just as much as those now assembled
within those old Abbey walls at Westminster, owe to
God in this behalf. How different might it all have
been, and what a difference might that dijference have
made to us and to our children ! Who has read
history and not known the truth of the words,
" Delirant Reges, plectuntur Achivi^' " When kings
plough out of the furrow, it is the people that are
lashed for it." Who has lived in Victoria's time and
not known the reverse, not known how she has shed

" A thousand thousand blessings on this land ;
How all the virtues that attend the good
Have still been doubled on her. Truth hath nursed her^
Holy and heavenly thoughts still counsell'd her 5
She hath been lov'd and fear'd. Her own have blest her \
Her foes shake like a field of beaten corn,
And hang their heads with sorrow 3 good grows with her 3
In her days every man eats still in safety
Under his own vine what he plants, and sings
The merry songs of peace to all his neigbours.
God is now truly known, and those about her
From her have read the perfect ways of honour.
And by those claim their greatness, not by blood.

This happy retrospect of the Jubilee then speaks
to us most plainly :

I . Of the true cause of greatness in kings and
kingdoms.

Who but a few sycophants and flatterers would have
cared for the Jubilee to-day if the example set for fifty

years from the throne of England had not been so full
of goodness, purity, and truth ? What is it that has
lifted our monarch so high among the sovereigns of
the earth, in "walking before us from her childhood
unto this day ? " Only one thing, her devoted sense and
her devoted discharge of duty to God and her people.
It was that high resolve of the child, as soon as told
by Dr. Davys (afterwards your bishop) that she must
reign — " I will be good " — which, with God's help, has
done all for which we thank God to-day. It was that
answer to God's call to rule as loyal, as prompt, as
dutiful as the child Samuel's " Speak Lord, for Thy
servant heareth." It was that prayer to God, so often
made, by which that high resolve and ready response
were seconded and accomplished — " And now, O Lord
God, I am but a little child, I know not how to go out
or to come in ; give therefore Thy servant an under-
standing heart to judge Thy people, that I may discern
between good and bad ; for who is able to judge this
Thy so great a people " — it was this that has done it
all. We know now what sort of national mercies to
ask for and to acknowledge, with the voice of joy and
thanksgiving and Eucharist — not dominion, not tem-
poral aggrandisement, not the wealth of all the Indies,
so much as wisdom and moral greatness and purity of
life and motive, and the love of God and man. These
are the things that really dignify and exalt both the
Crown and the people ; these are the things that weld
the two together in bonds of love that cannot be

broken. It is just because a pure Court in the days
of Victoria and Albert the Good has extended itself
and its influence from "John o* Groats to Land's
End;" and because, as the consequence, you see
England greater, better, wiser, nobler than before, that
you are here to thank God to-day, and to own with
grateful hearts and thank-offerings that it is both " by
righteousness that the throne is established, and that
it is righteousness also that exalteth the Nation.'*

2. But the retrospect of to-day has another
moral. It raises a question lower down the scale.
It raises this question to-day: Is not goodness the
first qualification for all offices of rule and authority ?
Are not righteousness and moral worth and character
to be first taken into account ? Can they rule others
who cannot rule themselves^ and must not a nation be
strong or weak in proportion as the holders of public
offices are bad or good ?

I know we profess to assume this goodness, but do
we act upon it when the time for choice comes ? " I
assume," we say, " that his personal character is good."
Yes, but perhaps we assume it too quickly; nay, some
go so far, I believe, as to say " What has that to do
with it?" The Jubilee of this day, if it proves
anything, proves that it has everything to do with it.
And I tell you, sirs, to-day, you the magistrates, the
clergy, the gentlemen, and the citizens of Northampton,
I tell you with all the respect. that I feel for you, I tell
you as solemnly as I know how, as the moral and

outcome of to-day, that if you would have good rule
you must have good rulers, not only on the Throne, but
in every office in Church or State in which the glory
of God, " the stability of the times," or the interests
of the people are concerned. If you love your
country, if you love your sovereign, nay, if you love
your own children, give the Queen good men to support
her in doing judgment and justice, and then see how
God will " open the windows of heaven and pour a
blessing upon you," and " turn your dearth into plenty,"
and make you " a delightsome land ;" for " them that
honour Me," he says, " I will honour ; but they that
despise Me shall be lightly esteemed."

3. But the Jubilee retrospect of to-day speaks to
us above all in our homes.

It is for her example as a wife and as a mother,
being also our Queen, that we have, after all, most
reason to bless and praise God for the fifty years of
Queen Victoria's reign. You do not stay to-day to
argue the comparative value of a Monarchy or a
Republic. Neither form prevails in your mind. You
go back to-day to the simplicity of the family, of the
patriarchal idea of rule and government. You see
to-day the most scattered and the most powerful
nation in the world turned back into one family under
one mother and one Queen, the acknowledged and the
beloved head of all. Why is it ? The mighty force
of one pure personal and parental influence has

prevailed over the continents of the globe far above
and beyond the technical art and rule of governments ;
has surpassed the strength and prowess of fleets and
armies, and has grouped and combined and crystal-
lized all the nationalities, and confederated all the
distant dependencies and colonies of the empire into
one family. Without controversy, the highest dignity
of the Queen's Majesty to-day is just the extreme
simplicity of the idea of the model mother, wife and
mistress of a home. Because, according to the
Apostolic canon, she has " known how to rule her own
house,'* she has known how to rule God's people^
Israel. Because she has ruled her own house and
family so well, therefore is it that she has extended
the idea of " Home " under her own shadow — the
home of the English family — from Windsor to the
world's end. Oh, my friends, ** kind hearts are more
than coronets." Love is the great ruler, the love of
God and man. Even the first Napoleon could say at
St. Helena, " I founded an empire on the sword and it
is gone, Jesus Christ founded an empire on love and it
will last for ever."

It has been upon love, and the love of Jesus Christ,
that Victoria has built up her empire, and her name
can never die. It is the purity of the example of one
good woman ; of one good pair, walking from childhood
in God's grace, that has enriched and ennobled an
empire ; and consequently this is the greatest of all
the morals pf the Jubilee, that when all our rejoicing

and thanksgiving are over, we should return every man
to his own home, and make and keep it pure. Nations
are only made up of families. It is the pure and happy
family that is the unit of the pure and happy nation.
The " virtuous woman " and house-wife — this, " in
price far above rubies," is what you thank God for to-
day. No Shakespeare even, no Poet Laureate while
England lasts, will ever celebrate the life of Victoria as
these words describe it : — " She openeth her mouth
with wisdom, and in her tongue is the law of kindness.
She looketh well to the ways of her household, and
eateth not the bread of idleness. Her children
arise up and call her blessed; her husband also and he
praiseth her. Many daughters have done virtuously,
but thou excellest them all. Favour is deceitful and
beauty is vain, but a woman that feareth the Lord, she
shall be praised. Give her of the fruit of her hands,
and let her own works praise her in the gates.'*

(Wlr* ^^omae ^rinbet*

" I^EACON Teindipb,*' as he was for long aiSfectionately known,
CZ; was one of the most godly men associated with College Lane
Chapel, Northampton. He was a native of Cheltenham,
where he was born in 1740, and where he received his early educa-
tion and his first deep impressions of religion. '* I was at Mr.
Wells's school, in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire," he wrote for the
perusal of his wife, ^ when I first heard the gospel trumpet blown.
Though my parents, and almost all my relations, were members of
the Establishment, that was no objection to my being in this family,
and attending public worship with its members, especially if I went
to the church and meeting alternately once a fortnight. I attended
the latter but a few times before I was convinced that the
manner of worship had a greater simplidty and solemnity than
what I had always been used to : so that afterwards I felt but little
desire to attend the established church, and never went bat to save
my words. But this was very far from being a change of soul ; I
had the same heart as ever. In the year 1757, Cheltenham wa8>
highly favoured with gospel ministers of the church of England-**
BO less than four during the season : Bev. Mr. Talbot, Lord Talbot'»
brother ; Eev. Mr. Downing, chaplain to Lord Dartmouth ; Bev.
Mr. Stillingfleet, diaplain to Lord Barrymore ; and the Bev. Mr.
Madan : they all preached, but Mr. Madan moce than the others.
On the 17th of July, that year, I first heard the Kev. Mr. Madan^
W^B, djsoQiirfsi^ wa^ fpnnded Qpon the iii chap, of John's gospel and
^]^e first ni99 verses, contajining the conference between Nicodemus
9jq4 QW -Lpid Jes«9 Christ I do not intend to give any larger
account of his sermon, thim ju9t to say he shewed what regeneration

was not i but more particulary what it was. The word was armed
with power to me. I was convinced I had never experienced the
great change ; I Paw the necessity of it, and that without it I should
be miserable to all eternity. When service was over, I came home
with my master and school -fellows, but I think it was with great
difficulty that I could refrain from tears in going along the streets.
When at home, I retired into my chamber, upon my knees there to
give vent to my tears, and prayed, if I could pray, that I might be
bom again. I felt that I was a lost creature.**

His soul was a-flame for the preaching of the Word, and about
three of his school fellows got together after school, and read por-
tions of the New Testament together ; and writes Mr. Trinder, " I
well remember, that whenever Mr. Madan came to Mr. Wells's^ as
he commonly did two or three times a week (Mr. Wells being almost
the only religious person that he and his brethren were conversant
with in Cheltenham), if we could obtain the knowledge of it, we
should immediately run down from school -, and happiest was he
who could obtain the key bole to bear the conversation."

After leaving school and spending a few months in London and
other places, he returned home to help in a grazing and dairy farm^
where his great trial was the giving up of card playing, a diversion
of which he was passionately fond, " merely as an entertainment,
not for the sake of gain.** A short period was spent as an aman-
uensis to a Cheltenham apothecary, and then be became assistant
at a school at Fairford, also in Gloucestershire. On May 1st, 1762,
at the age of twenty-two, Providence removed him to Northamp-
ton, whither he went to become usher in Mr. Ky land's school.
Here he writes : — ^* 1 had still the same enemies to cope with. But
here I had opportunities of gaining more knowledge of their
manner of fight, of the devices of Satan, and of the best methods of
defence. I was a slow scholar : and though they had not the head
as before, yet their power was not gone. Here likewise, other
temptations arose. Having read some criticism on various passages
of the Hebrew and Greek Testament, and seeing in some places a
different translation, I was determined not to read the Bible any
more till I could read it in the original languages.**

He joined the church at Northampton, on October 7th, 1762,
says a touching memoir of him written in the Church book of
College Lane> '' being then a Psdo Baptist in Judgment, removed
to London in Dec. 1763 & was dismissed to the EeV*. M'. Hitchin's
Church in White Bow, Spittalfields, he returned again to North-

amptoD in Oct. 1765, when be immediately was admitted to occa-
sional Communion, but was not actually admitted as a member m
full Communion till Mar. 10. 1775, when he was redismissed to this
Church from Mr. Hitchin's by letter."

^rhe entry in the Church book of his admission in 1762 is as
follows: "1762, October 7. Thursday Church Meeting, Thomas
Trinder, first called by Grace under Eev. Mr. Madan's Ministry at
Cheltenham Church in Qloucestersh'." Under date April 22,
1764, we find the following copy of his letter of dismission to
London.

"Letter of DismissioH of M'. Tho'. Trinder

" To the Church of Christ under the pastoral Care of the Eev**.
M^ Edward Hitchin, London

" The Church of Christ meeting in College Lane Northampton
sendeth Christian Salutation

*' Honoured Brethren

"These are to certify you that M' Thomas Trinder "Was admitted
a member of this Church October 7 1762 and that whilst he remained
amongst us behaved as becometh the Gospel of Christ he being now
by the Disposals of Providence fixed in London and signifying his
Desire to have Communion with you in ail the special Ordinances
and Privileges of the Gospel : We do by this Act and Deed dis-
miss him from us, and recommend him to you and to the Care of y«
Pastor praying that the Lord May nourish him up in the Words of
Faith and good Doctrine to everlasting Life, and that we may all
meet in that blessed World which will be the Perfection of the
divine and social life for ever

"We remain with true Esteem

" Tour Affectionate Brethren."

The letter, upon which in 1775 he was fully re-admitted to
College Lane, reads as follows : —

"The Church of Christ Meeting in White Eow Spitalfields (late
under the pastoral care of the Eev** Edward Hitchin) To the church
of Christ under the pastoral care of the rev^ John Eyland at North-
ampton sendeth Christian Salutation

" Honored Brethren

" Whereas our friend and Brother M' Thomas Trinder some
years ago was dismissed from you to us and taken into our full
Communion but as the providence of God who fixes the Bounds of

our habitation has now removed him from us to you again, We do
according to his request and your affectionate desire send him his
dismission. We doubt not but with a humble dependence on the
Divine Grace and an unshaken Faith in our Lord Jesus Christ his
life will be with you as it Was with us an ornament to the Name
and Profession of Christianity We conclude With Wishing you
Grace, Mercy and Peace in a rich Abundance from God the Father
and Jesus Christ the great Lord and head of the Church and the
Holy Spirit, in whom We remain,

"Tour Affectionate Brethren"
" W« Croger
" David Eogers
'* James Chappie
" Signed at our Church ''Eliezer Chater."

Meeting Feb^ 17. 1776.'*

Two or three years after his return from London Mr. Trinder
was mariied, on June 1st, 1768, to Miss Martha Smith, a member
of College Lane Church. The entry in the Church books of her
admission reads thus: — *' 1767 Dec. 13th, Mrs. Martha Smith
Governess of the Boarding School who came to Northampton 10 or
11 years ago.** "Mrs.'* was the invariable title given to all women,
whether married or single, who had grown out of girl- hood. To call
a grown woman " Miss '* was still regarded in many quarters as
applying to her a very uncomplimentary epithet. As principals
of a boarding school, wrote the Eev. John Ryland who knew
both most intimately as a pastor and a friend, they were
qualified beyond most other persons, " and a great number of their
scholars, many of whom were awakened while under their care,"
he added, "will have both their tutor and their governess in grate-
ful remembrance, as long as they live."

Two months after being re-admitted to College Lane Church as
a full member, Mr. Trinder was chosen Deacon, the record being :

" 1777 April, 11th : At this Church Meeting also our Brother
Trinder and Brother Dent were by the unanimous Call of the
Church appointed to the Office of Deacons — which they accepted
with much Diffidence — and a Meeting of prayer was appointed and
accordingly attended to this Evening on their Account."

Six years passed before he was baptised. The Church book
Bays, '* He was fully convinced of Believers Baptism, and was Bap-
tized by the late Pastor [Dr. Byland] on June Ist, 1783 [at the

age of 43 and on the fifteenth anniversary of his wedding day]
having from his first acquaintance with religion a conviction that
Immersion was the original Mode of administring that Ordinance.
Some very strong Affirmations of a neighbouring Pffidobaptist
Minister against it put him upon a very careful examination of the
Scriptures respecting that institution, the result of which was a
Conviction that the iMode he before preferred was essential to the
right Administration of the Ordinance, & also that, contrary to his
former Opinion, Believers only were the proper Subjects of it, &
that Infant Baptism had no foundation in Scripture."

After a visit in August, 1794, to his old friend and pastor. Dr.
Eyland at Bristol, Mr. Trinder's failing health rapidly forsook him,
and Dr. Eyland hurried to Northampton to hold by the hand once
more his valued and faithful friend. A few days before he died the
sick-man asked Dr. Eyland, to give his love to the Church, and
added that if some of them would come that evening and sing a
hymn or two with hira, it would be a gratification. Dr. Eyland has
himself written the story of what followed : — " Accordingly, several
members went to his house 5 two prayed and with a low voice
sang a hymn or two. Mr. Trinder joined and sang bass with a
stronger voice than could have been expected. He seemed after-
wards pleased and refreshed, and was the next day (Saturday) as well
as he had been for ten days before, or nearly so» but weak and
languid. At dinner he did not talk much, but appeared quite serene
and happy in his soul . About tea time he walked into the other
room and laid down on his bed. In the evening, about seven, when
his sister-in-law, Mrs. Wykes, came in, fearing he might take cold,
she advised him to get into bed, but his strength failed, and his
recollection was soon gone. His clothes were taken off, and he was
helped into bed, but fell into a stupor, and lay almost motionless,
breathing hard, with now and then a convulsive movement, till he
fell asleep in Jesus, at midnight, about five minutes after twelve
o'clock," on Sunday (morning) November 2nd, 1794.

It is evident from the foregoing that Mr. Trinder was a man
whose quiet religious fervour led him in the peaceful walks of right-
eousness. He was throughout his life a warm and unostentatious
supporter of his church ; and during his diaconate, though it is
recorded that he omitted to insert in the Church Book some
incidents so immaterial that ''it seems not of Consq** to insert
them," his services were as valuable as they were freely rendered.
He was throughout an earnest supporter of Foreign Missions -, his

DftDne ie down for £2 28., 9$ one of the thirteen originators, in the

year of the formation of the Baptist Missionary Society, and for a

similar sum in each of the two following years. By will he left

a handsome legacy to the Society printed in the Periodical

AeeowKU as foUows : —

£ 8. d.

1795. Fart of a Legacy bequeathed to the Sodety by the

late Mr. T. Trinder of Northampton, paid by his ^

Executors . . . 300

1796. Ditto 100

1802-3. Part of a Legacy from late Mr. Trinder, North-
ampton 88 14 8

£488 14 3

The legacy^ the first ever received by the Missionary
Society, was a fourth part of the residue of his estate after
the payment of various legacies. A similar fourth part he
left "unto & amongst the poorest and most necessitous
of Ministers of or belonging to such Association \i.e. North-
amptonshire & LeicestershireJ for the time being in such parts
shares proportion & manner as they the said Trustees or the major
part of them shall' from time to time think proper." The sum
originally in 1796 wfM £484 in the Navy 5 per cent. Stock ; and it
is now (1893) £604 in the 2} per cent. Consols (Annuities).

A further sum of £150 was left to the poor of College Lane
Chapel. Northampton^ ''so long as public worship shall be per-
formed at the said Meeting-house upon the principles of Qospel
faith & holiness generally termed Calvinism & on the independent
plan of Church Government on which I consider it was originally
established." The money is now in the 2| Consols, amounting to
£285 4s. 3d.

Mrs. Trinder prjedeceased her husband on January 6th, 1790.
Both were most highly esteemed, and from the nature of their
occupation respected by the most educated of Northampton and the
neighbourhood. Dr. Ryland*s friendship has already been men-
tioned. Mrs. Newton, Cowper's friend and protector was on
visiting terms with the Trinders, for we find Mrs. Unwin addressing
a letter on October 7th, 1773, to ** Mrs. Newton at Mr. Wnder's at
Northampton." Moreover, Mrs. Unwin inserts in the letter " Pray
present my afiectionate remembrance to Mr. Newton and my sincere
respects to Mr. and Mrs. Trinder."

In the Taylor Collection of Northamptonshire Literature is a
manuscript volume of poems inscribed " T. Trinder/' and evidently

in Mr. Trinder's handwriting. The contents are copies of verses
and poems by John Newton, the Hev. John Ryland, and the Rev.
B. Beddome. Among them is a hymn, " Fear not," commencing : —

Be gone Unbelief ! my Savior is near
And for my relief will surely appear
By pray'r let me wrestle, and he will perform
With him in the Vessel, I smile at the storm.

It is signed '* J[ohD] N [ewton]— addressed to M' Rt Hall."

The Northampton Mercury, of January 9th, of that year contains
the following notice of the decease of Mrs. Trinder, written, says
the Baptist Begister, (vol. i. for 1790 — 93) " by a gentleman of very
fine sense and elegance of manners *' : —

** On Wednesday last died, Mrs. M. Trinder, who, for twenty-
four years, presided with prudence, tenderness, and affection, over a
boarding-Bchool of young ladies in this town. Among many other
endearing and domestic virtues, she possessed the difficult, but
happy art of conciliating the fondest affections of the young people
entrusted to her care at the same time that she was assiduously
improving their minds, and implanting those excellent principles
which at this moment render so many of them good and virtuous
characters. That she was a kind and tender wife; a sensible and
taithful friend ; a neighbour ever ready to assist and oblige ; the
tears and regret her death has occasioned will more fully evince
than the strongest language can ever express."

In the book of verses already mentioned is a touching com-
position entitled "Elegaic Effusions," from the pen of Martha
Johnson Bury, May 11, 1790, a former pupil. '* To the memory of
my much lamented Friend and (Joverness M" Trinder : Addressed
generally to those who have been her pupils; — Inscribed particularly
to her amiable Cousin, M^ Goodwin." Mrs. Trinder's character
is in part thus sketched : —

For well she studied every youthfnl mind

Kurd by a smile, or by a frown control!' d,
Kind to the timid, — to the erring kind,
And only to unfeeling folly cold.

Mr. and Mrs. Trinder resided in a large house in Horsemarket,
near the southern comer of St. Mary's street, which, according
to the advertisement in the Northampton Mercury^ contained amongst
other apartments, " three Lodging and two Powdering Rooms ; "
and had attached, besides a pleasure and kitchen garden, " A small
Temple and Summer- House."

Mr. and Mrs. Trinder were buried in College Lane Burial
G-rouDd. In the Chapel is placed a marble wall tablet which
bears the following inscription : —

Safely reposited in a neighbouring Sepulchre,

Rest the Eemains of Mabtha TBiin)EB.

Favoured with a quick and penetrating Mind,

A tender Conscience, and lively Aflfections,

Under the control of sound Reason^ and a solid J udgment ;

Actuated by strict Integrity and holy Fear ;

She was peculiarly fitted for her Station

As a Tutress of female Youth,

And for all the Relations of Social and Christian Life,

Which she adorned with the most exemplary Conduct,

In her Christian Warfare,

She was often perplexed, though not in despair ;

But endured as seeing him who is invisible.

As she advanced to the gates of Death,

She happily found the last Enemy destroyed.

And peaceably entered the Land of Rest,

Jan. 6, 1790, in the 54th year of her Age.

This is written for the Generations to come, Psa, cii. 18.

Thomas Tbindeb, the affectionate Husband of the above ;

a valuable member of society,

a pious, active, and munificent Deacon of this church ;

entered into the joy of his Lord, Nov'. 2Qd, 1794 ; aged 54.

Ke was a faithful Man, and feared Qod above many, Neh. vii. 2.

In 1817, a little work in verse by Mr. Trinder was published
bearing the following title : —

Geographical and Astronomical Definitions, so far as they relate to the Use of
the Globes. By the late Mr. T. Teindbb, of Northampton
Northampton: Printed and published by F. Cordeux, and sold by Conder,
Bucklersbury, London ; and all the Booksellers in Northampton and its
Vicinity. 1817. Entered at Stationers' Hall, l^ano.

It was an attempt by means of rhyme to aid children in the
study of geography ; and was originally printed, the preface says,
solely for use in his own school and for a few friends. It is evident,
however, that the verses in the main were first printed in a curious
book by Samuel J. Charrier, according to Watts \^Bibliotheea

Briianniea] a teacher of geography and the French language. The
book bears the following title : —

A New Description of Europe, in various columns, whereby is exhibited, in
one view, all its Empires, Kingdoms, Bepubb'cs, and States, &c.

London, 1781.

Mr. Trinder's verses occupy two pages before the sub-title, and
there is evidence that the " Verses on Gratitude " to those who had
rendered aid to Mr. Charrier, inserted on the last page, were also
written by Mr. Trinder. The lines mentions Lady Cave of Stanford
Hall, and Miss Mary Wilson, as among those who had assisted the
author, Mr. Chanier. It was after the publication of this book
that Mr. Trinder amplified his verses on geography and printed
tbem separately.

The reader is taken by easy fiowing verse, considering the
nature ot the subject, through an introduction and the " properties
and appendants of the globes," and geographical definitions, to the
" chief manufactures of England, and the principal places where
tbey are performed." The major part of this section, "the writer
has specified from his own knowledge, but others he has been
obliged to take upon trust." We append one verse, that on the
'* Leather Manufactory," to indicate the style of the book : —

To shield our hands from nipping frost.
To fit our country G^ents to cross

Their hunters for the chase,
Worcester and Yeovil we should ohuse :
And to be shod with boots or shoes,

Northampton is the place.

The book was republished by Mr. Cordeui in 1823 ; and was
reprinted by E. Crick, John street, Newport Pagnell, in 1833. No
copy of the first production — the privately printed book — is known.

WILL OP THOMAS TEINDER.

By his will dated the 9th July, 1793, Thomas Trinder, of the
TowD of Northampton, Gentleman, gave all his real and leasehold
personal estates to his friends Joseph Dent of Northampton,
Orasier, and Joseph Hall of the same town, Cordwainer, upon trust
to sell and convert, and out of the moneys arising to pay (inter alia)
£30 unto the Eev. John Ryland of Northampton, Doctor in Divinity
and Teacher or Pastor of the Congregation of Protestant Dissenters
of the Baptist Church assembling for Eeligious Worship at the
Meeting House in College Lane in the said Town, and £15 unto
Thomas Holtham, Precentor to the aforesaid Church or Congre-
gation. All which legacies Testator directed should be paid within
twelve calendar months after his decease.

The Testator also directed that £160 should be invested in the
purchase of Government Stock in the names of the said Joseph Dent
and Joseph Hall, John Kyland, Abraham Abbott of Kingsthorpe, in
the County of Northampton, miller -, Kichard Manning of Kings-
thorpe, baker; and Michael Smith and Bichard Buswell, both of North-
ampton, Gentlemen; Upon trust to pay and apply the Dividends unto
aiid amongst the poor members for the time being of the aforesaid
Baptist Church assembling for religious worship in College Lane,
and to such other poor constant attendants there for the time being
as the said Trustees, together with the Deacons of the Church and
the Trustees of the Meeting House for the time being or the major
part of them, respectively, should think proper and deserving objects,
so long as public worship should be peHbrmed at the said Meeting
House upon the principles of Gospel Faith and Holiness generally
termed Calvinism, and on the independent plan of Church Govern-
ment on which Testator considered it as originally established.

The Testator also directed that one fourth of the residuum of
the moneys to arise after payment of trusts in his Will mentioned,
should be paid unto the Treasurer or Treasurers for the time being
of the Particular Baptist Society for Propagating the Gospel among
the Heathen which was instituted in or about the year 1792, to be
applied and disposed of for the several purposes for which that
Society was first instituted. He further directed that the
remaining fourth part of such residuum should be invested in

the purchase of Stock in the Dames of the said Joseph Dent and
Joseph Hall, who should either at the next general Annual Meeting
or Association of the Ministers and Messengers of the Northamp-
tonshire and Leicestershire Baptist Association which should happen
after his death, or at the then following G-eneral or Annual
Association, transfer ail the said Stock to seven personc^ as Trustees
to be chosen bj the Ministers and Messengers who should be
present at such Association, of which number the Testator directed
that both or one of them, the said Joseph Dent and Joseph Hall
should be chosen, and that the residue of the seven persons should be
chosen out of such of the Members of congregation of the different
Churches belonging to the said Association as the said Ministers and
Messengers should electa and the Testator directed that the Dividends
of the last-mentioned Stock should be applied by the Trustees for the
time being at all times thereafter yearly at such general or Annual
Association or Meeting of the Ministers and Messengers belonging
to the said Northamptonshire and Leicestershire Baptist Association
(but which included and comprised several other Churches in divers
other Counties) unto and amongst the poorest and most necessitous
Ministers belonging to such Baptist Association for the time being
in such shares and manner as the Trustees or the major part of
them should think proper. The Testator further directed that
in case both Charlotte Hall and Sarah Cooper, beneficiaries,
should happen to die without issue before their Legacies, etc., should
become payable, then one moiety of their Legacies, <&c., should be
transferred to the Treasurer of the Particular Baptist Society for
Propagating the Gospel among the Heathen to be applied for the
purposes for which that Society was first instituted ; and the other
moiety transferred and invested in Stock, and the Dividends
applied in like manner for the necessitous Ministers belonging to
the Baptist Association. The Testator appointed Joseph Dent
and Joseph Hall his Executors.

The Will is witnessed by Tho. Hague, Phoebe Hanson, and W
BuBwell, and it was proved in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury
by both the Executors on the 2nd January, 1795.

The following Advertisements from the Northampton Mercury
refer to Mr. Trinder's house :^

To be Sold by Auction, By Edward Oox, Sometime next Month, A I^eat
Strong Stone-bnilt House, situate in the Horse-Market, Northampton, late in
the Occupation of Mr. Trinder. Also, the genuine Household-Furniture, &c.
Particulars of which will be advertised next Week. Catalogues will be
delivered in due Time. — November 22nd, 1794.

Valiuible House and Gknteel Household- Furniture. To be Sold by Auoticm,
by Edward Cox, On Vriday the 19th of December, at the Bose-and- Crown
Inn, Gold-Street, Northampton, A Strong Stone-built House, neatly sashe4s
•itnate in the Horse-Market, Northampton, (late in the Ocoupation of Mr.
Trinder, deceased) : Consisting of four Cellars ; a Hall, with a neat
light Stair- Case, two Parlours, a Kitchen, Wash & Brew-house, with
other convenient attached Offices; three Lodging and two Powdering
Booms on the next Floor ; and three Ceiled Light Booms on the
Attic-Story ; a Pleasure and Kitchen Garden ; a small Temple and Summer-r
House. The Pieinises are in excellent Bepair and neatly finished. The
Sale to begin at Five o' Clock. And on Monday the 22d, and three following
Pays, (Thursday excepted) will be Sold, All the neat and genuine Household-
Furniture, Plate, and Plated Articles, Bed & Table Linen, China, Library of
Books, Philosophical Instruments, and other valuable EfBects. The Sale to
begin each Morning at Ten o'Clock, and continue till all the Lots for each Day
are Sold. N.B. Attendance will be given for viewing the House and
Furniture, on Thursday the 18th, and on no other Day. Catalogues will be
ready for Delivery in due Time, at the George, Peacock, Angel, and Bose-and-
Crown Inns ; at the Auctioneer's, and Place of Sale. The Library of Books,
Maps, Prints, &c., will be sold on Friday.— November 29th, 1794.

Eligible Situation for a genteel private Family, or a Business that requires
Boom. For Sale by Auction, By Messrs, Blaby, On Thursday the Uth Day of
February next, at Four o*Ok)ck in the Afternoon, at the E^iog's Arms, in the
Horse Market, Northampton, A Most excellent well-built stone and s^ed
Dwelling House, replete ifith every Bequisite bpth for Convenience and.
Comfort ; comprising one arched Vault, three large CeUars, and large Kitchen
beneath ; an entrance Hall, two spacious Parlours in Front (one of which is
now used as a Butcher's Shop), large and lofty Kitchen, back Ditto and Brew-
house (both Uses) ; with Larder and suitable Pantries on the ground Floor ;
neat and lofty bed Booms, and well-finished Attics. There are two entrance
Doors, to each of which is a Flight of stone Steps; two Stair-cases; and in all
other Bespects designed and calculated, at a small Expense, to be converted into
two genteel Houses.

The Extent of Ground from the Front, in the Horse Market, to the Back,
where it opens into Pike Lane, is 289 Feet 9 Inches, and the Breadth, 89 Feet
2 Inches. A beautiful stone Pavillion, with three Arches, is erected about the
Centre of the Ground ; and at the Back, adjoining Pike Lane, is a twQ-staJl
l^table, slaughter House, fasting Pens, cow Houses, and Piggeries, all complete,
and in good Bepair, being mostly new built. This Estate being open, airy, and
dry, is a most eligible Situation for building a Bange of Houses upon, having
a Communication from Pike Lane, without interfering with the MansioB
House ; and from the improving State of Northampton, in Consequence of the
Grand Junction Canal and other local Causes, such Buildings are much in
Bequest. Possession may be had at Lady Day next. For Particulars, enquire
of Mr. Boddie, the Proprietor, on the Premises.— January 28rd9 1819.

(Vak on a ajtlantU'^Tpim (d ^dm^tu

THIS mantle-piece is in the parsonage house, and
is now (1886) preserved in the porch. The date
on it is one of those by which it has been attempted
to show the use of Arabic figures long before the
date commonly assigned to their introduction into
this country — the fourteenth century. In The
Archceologia, vol. xiii., 1797, are two papers on this
carving and on the use of Arabic numerals, by the
Rev. Samuel Denne, of Wilmington. In these papers
are references to other disputed dates and to various
works on Arabic numerals, &c. A plate accompanies
the papers, on which is a view of the mantle-piece
from Professor Wallis's paper in the Philosophical
Transactions^ vol. xiii. 399. This view is erroneous in
some details. The representation now given is
reduced by photography from a drawing made on
purpose, to the scale of \ the real size. The date
being the disputed part is given \ real size.

The block of oak forming this mantle-piece is
6ft. 6^in. long, iiin. wide and iiin. deep. The soffit
is a four-centred arch of only 2^in. rise, of a common
sixteenth century moulding. The ground of the
carved part is sunk about f or -^ inch. The workman-
ship of the whole is rude. The left half has in relief
a dragon without legs, but with wings and a long tail.
The other half is divided into six panels; on the ist,
2nd, and 3rd of which is the date ; and on the 5th a
shield with the initials " W. R." on it, all in slight
relief. Dr. Wallis it appears read the inscription
"M**Dom* An"* 133," and thus made the date 1133.
Professor Ward made the date 1 233. The mixture
of Roman and Arabic figures is found in other places.
It is odd that both these gentlemen should have
mistaken the letter A in the first panel for M. The
second panel contains " do*," and about this there is
no dispute. The third panel bears apparently " M 1 33,"
or " M 135/' but there is a superfluous line in the M.
The upright character next to the M must in some
way stand for D or V or 5. It is conceivable that the
last stroke of the M acted as one side of the V or U,
and that by accident or clumsiness the carver broke
out the bottom of the character. Or we may suppose
the straight stroke a misconstruction of an Arabic 5,
like many of that date, and as in France at the
present day. The character of the whole piece and
the section of the moulding preclude an earlier date
than about 1500. Whether the two last characters
are 33 or 35 matters little.

It has been mentioned that the initials " W. R."
are carved on another panel. There seems little
doubt that these are the initials of William Renalde,
or Reynolde, AM., who was instituted to the living in
1523, and to whom no successor is named till 1560.
We have then strong corroborative evidence of the
date 1533 or 35 being the correct one.

A(nn)o Do(min)i M^ V 33 or 35.

In the Gentleman's Magazine for 1800, vol. Ixx.
1232, is an account of this mantle-piece, by R.
Churton, with a plate of the date full size. See also
Baker's History, i. 631. In nearly all these disputed
dates the error has arisen from the second characters
being misread. In some cases 5, being almost
straight, has been taken for i, so that 1500 is taken
for 1 100. In one case the 4 of the old form (said to
be half of 8) is taken for o, so that 1490 is read 1090.
In The Cambridge Portfolio, vol. ii., 1840, is a notice
and woodcut of one of these dates in which case 1552
was asserted to be 1 1 12.

H. D.

[Ow/y 26 Copies printed.']

[Onljf 25 Copies printed.]

A PAPER

luritans in |t0rtl^ampf0ns]^irje,

DATED i6 JULY, x^po.

With Particulars of the "Classics"

holden at the Bull in

Northampton ;

And of one Edmond Snape beeinge or pretending to be
Curate of S. Peters in Northampton.

From the original MS. in the British Museum*
MS, Lans. 64, folio 51.

TAYLOR & SON, PRINTERS AND PUBLISHEi;.S.

1878.

jirticUs wheremth ye Ministers of Northam, tsf Warwick skitu are
charged, etc^ 16 July, 1590.

ftirst, they have agreed upon, and appoynted amongest them selres
oertayne generall meetinge, w'h they call Synodes j and others more
particulare in severall Shiers or Diocesses, w'h they call Classes.

Item, some of the especiall places so appo3mted for the S3modes, are^-
London, Cambridge at tymes of commencement and Sturbridge
f!ayre, and Oxforde at the Act; becausse at those tymes and
places they may assemble w* least suspition.

It'm, in the sayde Synodes those there assembled treat and determine of
such matters, as are eyther propownded unto them a newe, or have
bene debated before in the Classeis as fyt to be considered on and pro-
vided for : And lykewise what course shalbe holden by the ministers
in the3rr severall places : w^h beinge concluded upon by the Synode
it is holden autenticall, and is decreed to be put accordinglye in ex-
ecution.

It'm, in the Classis beinge a more particulare assemblieof certeyne
ministers in severall shires or Diocesses (accordinge to the appoynt-
ment of the generall Synodes) meetinge in some private place for the
moste parte after a prayer there conceaved, and a sermon or exercise
made; It is signified by some that were present, what hath bene determi-
ned ^n the last Synode : And then they doe deliberate as well for the
better execution thereof, as allso what further poyntes they thincke
convenient to be presented to the Consideraton of y* next Synode.

It*m, accordinge to this place, sondrie, or at least one such Synode—
or Synodes have bene holden at everie or some of y* sayde places and
tymes afore specified \ and namelie at or aboute Sturbridge fifajro
tyme last at Cambridge.

6. It'm, at all or some of such Synodes there have mett and beue assembled

Dr. Whitakers, Mr. Cartwrighte, Knewstubbs^ Travers, Charke,
Egerton, Grenehara, Warde, ffludd, Chatterton, Perkins, —
Dike, Snape, and others ; or some of them.

7. Item at some of the sajde Synodes it hath bene debated, concluded,

agreed on, and determined by all or moste voyces 3 that Such as canuot
preache, are no ministers : that the Sacraments oughte not to be recea-
yed at their handes ; that All one kinde of doctrine must be preached
by those that favoure that caufse towchinge the erectinge or establish inge
the govem-ment : that Everie minister in his charge shoulde by all
holie and lawfull meanes endevoure to bringe in and establishe that
govem-ment : that Ano athe, whereby a man might be tyed to reveale
any thinge, w*^ may be penall to him selfe, or his faithfull bretheren,
is againste charitie ; and needs not, or ought not to be taken ; or to
lyke effect, or some thinge tendinge that waye w^ sundrie other poynts.

8. Item, the determinatons made in Synode have bene published &

signified in sundrie of the Assemblies called Classes, and by
them assented unto to be put in execution. Namelie, a Classeis
hath bene holden at the Bull in Northampton; in Mr. Sharpes
howsse, minister of ilawesley and in Mr. Snapes chamber; and
in everie or some of them 3 where the same Decrees or Articles, and
others have bene published and made knowne to be executed.

9. It'm, the ministers in Northampton shier (who especiallye doe —

assemble them selves at such Classes, and namelye were present at j^
afore sayde Classes) are Mr. Snape, Stone, minister of
iwaAioB *Wharton, Edwardes of CourtnoU, Spicer of Cookenoe, At-
kins of Higham, dletcher of Abington, Larke of Wellingbo-
roughe, Prowdeloe of Weeden, Kinge of Coleworthe, Bare-
bone, and others ; or some of them.

10. It'm, Mr. Snape declaringe upon a tyme his issue of deal inge at

Oxforde about the cominge of Mr. fFavoure th elder ; he decla-
red this or the lyke forme of wordes to no lesse effect: Viz, he
shewed, that in their Classes w*h they have in this shier of North-
ampton (as they have in moste places of the lande beside) they had
concluded generallye that. The dumbe ministerie shoulde be taught
to be noe ministerie at all.

TX. Item, he the sayde Snape then declared that in the same Classeis they
had agreed upon this poynte 5 that they shoulde ioyntlye in their se-
verall Charges and congregations teach all one kynde of doctrine
tendinge to the erectinge of the government.

I a. Item, be declared in these, or the lyke wordes: How say you (sayde
he) if we devise a waye, whereby to shake of all the Anti-chri-
stian yoke and government of the Bishopps : and will, ioyntlie
together erect the 'discipline and government all in one day. But
peradventure it will not be yet this yeare and this halfe.

13. It'm, that they woulde doe these things in such sorte by these y^

Classes, that by the grace of god they (Viz, the Bishopps)
shoulde never be able to prevayle againste it.

14. It'm, upon the first of Peter the ^th he declared, that in the

Churche of god there oughte not to be anye government by Lo.
Bishopps 3 but that there oughte to be a Christian equali-
tie amonge the ministers of god; Nor the ministers of y«
worde shoulde goe w* their trowpes and traynes, as theyr
manner is at these dayes.

15. It*m, . that the Discipline of the Churche is of an absolute ne-

cessitie to the Churche 3 And that the Church oughte of
necessitie to be governed by Pastors, Doctors, Elders,
Deacons, and Widowes; w*h he declared out of y«* wordes
of Peter j The Elders, w** are amonge you. &c.

16. That here one, and there one, picked out of the prophane and

common multitude, and put aparte to serve the Lorde 5 maketh
the Churche of god ; and not the generall multitude : out of y«*
wordes of Peter, But you are a chosen generation.

17. That as nothinge maketh a separaton betwene man and wife, but

whoredome : so what soever beinge devised by the brayne of man, &
is brought into the Churche to be used in the outwarde worshippe
and service of god (seeme it never so good and godlye, never so
holie) it is spirituall whoredome 3 out of the seconde Comman-
dement.

18. It'm, Mr. Snape beeinge demanded how a man coulde be a mi-

nister of god, that stoode onelye by the authoritie of man in re-
spect of his outwarde callinge, and fell at his comanndement ;
Answered, that he had bene in such a perplexitie him selfej
that rather than he woulde have stoode by the vertue of anye
letters of Orders, he woulde have bene hanged upon y* gallowes.

19. It'm, Mr. Snape hath at sundrie tymes, or once at y* least

in the hearinge of others declared, that before it were longe 3 it

shoulde be seene, that they woulde have this government t^
Doctors, Pastors, Elders, Deacons, and Widowes; and
that in deede all, or some of the sajde ministers afore articula-*
ted have begon in thejr severall Cures to erect them, or some
parte of them.

so. It*m, let the paper (w*h is a coppie of a certayne wrytinge sap-
posed to have bene set downe by him the sayde Snape) be shewed
unto him, and let him upon his oathe declare whether he doth
not knowe or beleeve that the same is a true coppie of a wry-
tinge set downe under his owne hand, or not.

I. Edmonde Snape either heard of or feared a searche to have
bene intended for bookes not autorized : and thereupon he caussedlo
be caried divers sortes of such bookes to one George Bevis a tan-
ner, desiringe him to lay them up in some secret place ; who bestow-
ed them thereupon in his barke-howsse. And afterwards the sayde
Snape fetched away agayne the sayde bookes or moste of them ; but
left 2^ or there aboutes of the bookes called (A defence of the eccle-
siasticall discipline) in 4® againste Mr. Bridges, w^ the saide Be-
vis, and desired him to sell them after 14. or 16.' and they or some
of them were by him the sayde Bevis accordinglie solde.

1. It'm, Christopher Hodgekinson obteyned a promisse of y* sayde
Snape; that he woulde baptise his childe: but Snape added
sayinge, you must then give it a Christian name allowed in y* scrip-
tures. Then Hodgekinson tolde him, that his wives father, whose
name was Richarde, desired to have the givinge of the name. Well
sayde Snape) yo'* must doe as I bid yo', least when yo* come, the
Congregation be troubled. Not w^tinge Hodgekinson thinkinge it
woulde not have bene made a matter of such importance, caussed the
Childe to be brought to St. Peters; and Snape proceeded in th*
action (thoughe not accordinge to thebooke of comon prayer by lawe
established) untill he came to the naminge of y* childe : but hearinge
them callinge it Richarde, and that they would not give it anye o-
tber name ; he stayed there, and woulde not in anye case baptise the
Childe. And so it was caried awaye thence, and was baptised
the ureeke follow inge at All-hallo wes churche, and called Richarde.

3. It*m the sayde Snape beeinge or pr^ending to be Curate of St.
Peters in Northampton, doth not in ^is Ministratons reade the Con-
fession, Absoluton. Psallmes, Lessons, Letanie, Epistle, gospell;

AdmiDistreth the sacraments of baptisme and the supper, marieth,
burieth^ churcheth or giveth thanckes for weomen after Childe-
bnrthe, visitetb the sjcke^ nor perfourmeth other partes of his
dutie at all, or at least not accordinge to the forme prescribed by the
booke of Common prayer authorized; but in some changeth, some
partes omitteth, and others addeth, choppeth, and mingleth it
w^ other prayers and speeches of his owne &c, as it pleaseth his
owne humor.

It'm, sondrie Ministers who mett in one or more Synodes assembled
-w^ln a yeare and an halfe last past and lease, concluded and agreed
that everie man in his severall charge shoulde indevoure to erect
a government of Pasto's, governinge Elders, and Deacons :
That they shoulde teache and houlde, that all ministers who are
called accordinge to the order of the Cburche of Englande to be an un-
lawfully or have an unlawfull callinge : And that such allreadie
beeiDge ministers, as stande affected well unto their Courses, and
whom they dare trust, shoulde be induced to renownce their former
callinge by Bishopps, and to take a newe approbaton by them in
their Classis, beeinge an assemblie of sondrie ministers w^in a
certayne compasse in a shyer, and whereof they have aboute iiij. in
a shier, or so manye as convenientlye may be : And that this is
the Lordes ordinance, wherebye onelye they must stande in theyr mi-
nisterit: And that the lyke approbation shalbe used in those that
were not ministers before: And that after such callinge, they
that were not ministers afore, may preache untill they be called to
some certayne charge. At what tyme if the people of such place
call them, then are they to be holden full ministers, and may mini-
ster the sacraments. Never the lesse it is permitted, that y^
shall goe to the Bishoppe for writinge (for their safe standinge in
theyr callinge) as unto a Civill magistrate in a matter belonginge
onelye to the out warde man, and none otherwise, fibr they holde,
that thereby he receaveth not anye power to be a minister j or to
iyke effect hath it bene concluded, or is practised amonges*
them.

It*m, in sondrie places of this realme such their determinatons have
bene and are put in vre and practise : namelye in Northampton-
shier, in Essex, Sufiblke, Norfolke, Warwickshier, De-
vonshier, Cornwall, &c. The sayde Snape renownced
•or woulde not stande in his ministerie by the callinge of the Bishoppe,
and was agayne (as afore) allowed or called by the Classis; but
woulde not thereupon administer the Lord^ Supper. Bat afterwards

the parishe of St. Peters afore sayde, or some of them^ knoweinge
that bj reason such determinaton he might not accompte himselfe a
full minister, untill some particulare congregation had chosen
him; They did thereupon choose him for their minister: And by
that callinge and as afore, doth he stande in his ministerie at this
present,* and not by the callinge of the Bishoppe.

Item, one Larke not farre from Wellingboroughe in the sayde shier
beeinge not afore a minister accordinge to the churche of Englande
had the approbaton of the sayde Snape and others of a Classis up-
pon tryall made of him : And then was by them willed for his safe
standinge to goe to a Bishoppe (as to a Civill magistrate onelye)
for writinge.

Ii*m, accordinge to the usuall place concluded on in that behalfe, one
Hocknell havinge bene 6. or 7. yeares afor^ a minister, beeinge
to have a benefice was willed to bringe some testimoniall from the
ministers of the sayde shier for his sufficiencie and conversaton,
(because moste patrones that eyther them selves be so affected, or
have frende so bene, have bene dealt w* to such lyke effect.) Where-
upon he cominge to the sayde Snape, was willed to renownce his
first callinge, and not to stande by the Bishopps callinge into the mi-
nisterie : And had to that purpose by him and his companions of
the Classis a text given, and a daye prefixed to preach upon it :
w^h was by Hocknell perfourmed before the Classis and others at
St. Peters aforesayde. After w'h sermon the Classis alone
beinge assembled, Hocknell was willed to stande aloofe. Then
Penrie began to make a speeche, and to exhorte them to be carefull
to call upon god and to deale w* out afiection in this action, kc.
After w°h they fell to consultaton. Some lyked that he shoulde
be admitted -, and others misliked both becausse he had not delyve-
red the Metaphore that was in his textj and becausse he was
no grecian nor hebritian. Who ovor-weyinge the rest, Hocknell
was called for, and in some sorte comended. But y* speaker
of the Classis tolde him he must take more paynes at his booke, before
they woulde allowe of him as a fytt minister. Whereupon Hock-
nell fell out w* them, and contemminge theyr Censures did proceede
and tooke possession of his benefice.

jit the end of the MS> occurs :
" Sir, Be pleased to Transcribe this Copy, and return it as soon
as possible pray send the proof back as soon as you can. From
Mr. Leackes in the Old Baily."

tU l^atione.

C IR Christopher Hatton, the dancing chancellor, was the youngest of the
J'^ three sons of William Hatton of Holdenby, Northamptonshire. The
family was an old one, and it was claimed, though on doubtful evidence,
to be of Norman lineage. The family lived almost exclusively in Cheshire,
imtil a younger son married the heiress of Holdenby. William Hatton, the
grandson of this HattoU, was the father of the lord chancellor. His wife
was Alice Saunders, daughter of Kobert Saunders, of Harringworth, co.
Northampton. Christopher was bom at Holdenby in 1540, and his two
brothers dying in their youth, he succeeded to the paternal estate. Mr.
J. M. Rigg, in the Dictionary of National Biography^ thus sketches the
early life of Sir Christopher :

"Hatton was entered at St. Mary Hall, Oxford, probably about 1555,
as a gentleman- commoner. He took no degree, and in November
1559 was admitted to the society of the Inner Temple, where, according
to Fuller {Worthies, * Northamptonshire '), he 'rather took a bait than
a meal * of legal study. There is no record of his call to the bar, but
the register was not then exactly kept (Baker, Northamptonshire, i. 196 ;
Ormerod, Cheshire, ed. Helsby, iii. 230; Wood, Fasti Oxon, i. 582). At
the Inner Temple revels at Christmas 1561, when a splendid masque was
performed, in which Lord Robert Dudley, afterwards Earl of Leicester,
figured as ' Palaphilos, Prince of Sophie, High Constable Marshal of the
Knights Templars,* Hatton played the part of master of the game
(DuGDALE, Orig. pp. 150 et seq.) Tall, handsome, and throughout his life a
very graceful dancer, he attracted the attention of the queen at a subsequent
masque at court, and became one of her gentlemen pensioners in June 1564
(Camden, Ann. Eliz. ed. 1627, ii. 43; Naunton, Fragmenta Regalia, 27;
Fuller, Worthies, * Northamptonshire;' CaL State Papers, Dom.XMl-^O,
p. 242). On Sunday, 11th Nov. 1565, and the two following days he displayed
his prowess in a tourney held before the queen at Westminster, in honour

2 The Hattons.

of the marriage of Ambrose Dudley, earl of Warwick, with Lady Anne
Bassell, and he jousted again before the queen at the same place in May
1671 (Stryfb, Oheke^ p. 133; Nichols, Progr, Eliz, i. 276). Elizabeth
gaye him in 1565 the abbey and demesne lands of Sulby, nominally in
exchange for his manor of Holdenby, which, however, was at the same
time leased to him for forty years, and was two years later reconveyed to
him in fee ; she appointed him (29 July 1568) keeper of her parks at
Eltham in Kent and Home in Surrey ; she granted him the reversion of the
office of queen's remembrancer in the exchequer (1571), and estates in
Yorkshire, Dorsetshire, Herefordshire, the reversion of the monastery De
Pratis in Leicestershire, the stewardship of the manors of Wendling-
borongh in Northamptonshire, and the wardship of three minors (1571-2).
She also made him one of the gentlemen of her privy chamber, though at
what date is uncertain, and captain of her bodyguard (1572). It was the
custom for the courtiers to make the queen new-year's presents, for which
they received in return gifts of silver plate varying from fifty to two
hundred ounces in weight. Hatton, however, always received four hundred
ounces* weight of this plate.*'

** Hatton*s relations with the queen were very intimate,** is the universal
verdict. How intimate will probably never be known. Mary Queen of
Scots accused Elizabeth of being his paramour, and if the letters that
passed between them, passed between any two people to-day, they would
be regarded as conclusive evidence of that fact. But allowance must be
made for the stilted language and artificiality of an age when exaggeration
was the mark of the courtier. Whether this relation actually existed
between the sovereign and her subject, or no; the relationship between
them was at any rate only one degree less. They used the most endearing
terms one to another. Hatton never tired of doing her will, she never
wearied in giving him riches and favours ; when they were apart he fretted
and the queen pined. When he was ill, she visited him daily ; when he
went abroad for his health, she sent her own physician to look after him
She robbed the Bishop of Ely to give him Ely Palace, she made him Vice-
chamberlain, Privy Councillor, and Knight, and in Parliament where he
represented, first Higham Ferrers and afterwards Northamptonshire, he
. was the recognised mouthpiece of the sovereign. He was one of the Com-
mission that tried Mary Queen of Scots at Fotheringhay, and on behalf of
Elizabeth intrigued for the illfated Mary*s death, throwing the onus of the
execution off the shoulders of the queen on to the House of Commons.
He was appointed Lord Chancellor in 1587, having previously been granted
the manor of Parva Weldon in Northamptonshire and estates in other
counties ; the keepership of Rockingham Forest and the Isle of Purbeck ;
the demesne of Naseby ; some Irish estates ; the sites of four monas-
teries, &c.

Before his death a revulsion to Hatton seems to have come over
Elizabeth. She exacted from him large sums that, he at any rate, never
expected to have to pay to one with whom he was so intimately connected.

The Hattons. 3

His annayance and vexation Jtelfyed on the dinsolation, and he died of
diabetes, at Ely House, on November 20th, 1591, at the age of 51. He
was buried in Westminster Abbey, on December 16th.

^* Hatton had been a friend and to some extent a patron of men of letters,
in particular of Spenser, who gave him a copy of the * Faery Queen,* With
a dedicatory sonnet (see Spenseb, Worhs, ed. GilfiUan, i. 7) ; of Thomas
Churchyard, who dedicated to him his account of the reception of the
queen by the mayor and corporation of Bristol (14 Aug. 1574), his
*Chippes ' and his * Choise' (Nichols, Progr, Eliz. i. 393); and of Christo-
pher Ockland, who in his ' "Elprivapxia ' (1582) describes him as * Splendidus
Hatton,' and in his ' Elizabetheis ' (1589) lauds him for his part in the
detection of Babington's conspiracy. After his death appeared 'A
Commemoration of the Life and Death of Sir Christopher Hatton, Knight,
Lord Chancellor of England, with an Epistle dedicatory to Sir William
Hatton,' by J. Philips, London, 1591 (a poem more eulogistic than
meritorious, reprinted for the Roxburghe Club in *A Lamport Garland,'
1881) ; ' The Maiden's Dream upon the Death of the Bight Honourable
Sir Christopher Hatton, Knight, late Lord Chancellor of England,' by
Robert Greene, London, 1591, 4to ; 'A Lamentable Discourse of the
Death of the Right Honourable Sir Christopher Hatton,' &c., London,
1591, {Notes and Queries^ 3rd ser. i. 142). Hatton's death was also
bewailed in a volume of verse entitled * Musarum Plangores,' mentioned
by Wood, 'Athense Oxon.,' Bliss, i. 583. There is also a high-pitched
€ulogyof him in ' Polimanteia ; or the Meanes Lawful and Unlawful to
judge of the Fate of a Commonwealth against the frivolous and foolish
Conjectures of this Age,' by W. C. (William Clerke), Cambridge, 1595.
He died unmarried, and left no will. His estates he had settled by deed
in tail male first on his nephew, Sir William Newport, and then on his
cousin Sir Christopher Hatton. Sir William Newport, who assumed the
name of Hatton, succeeded to the estates, but died without male issue on
12 March 1596-7. Sir William's successor, Sir Christopher Hatton, was
father of Christopher, baron Hatton of Kirby [q.v.]

'' Hatton wrote the fourth act of the tragedy of ' Tancred and Gismund,'
performed before the queen at the Inner Temple in 1568 (Wabton, Hist,
of Poetry iii. 305). His name appears on the title-page of a little book
entitled ' A Treatise concerning Statutes or Acts of Parliament, and the
Exposition thereof,' London, 1677, 12mo, but there is no evidence external
or internal by which the authenticity of the work, which is a very slight
production, can be determined. His correspondence, portions of which
had previously been printed in Murdin's * State Papers ' and ' Wright's
'Queen Elizabeth and her Times,' London, 1838, was published in its
entirety by Sir Nicholas Harris Nicolas in his elaborate ' Memoirs of
Hatton,'* London, 1847, to which is prefixed a fine engraving of his portrait
by Ketel.
* " [Nioolat's Memoir ; Foss's Lirei of the Judges ; authorities cited.

"J.M.B." [J. M. Bioo.]

4 The Hattons.

ChristofbeRi the first Lord Hfttton was the eldest suryiviDg son of Sir
Christopher Uatton, K.B., of Clay Hall, Barking, Essex, and afterwards of
Kirbj, Northamptonshire. Sir Christopher was the cousin of Lord
Chancellor Uatton, to whom the estates descended on the death of Sir
William Newport without male issue. Christopher, Lord fiatton, was
baptised at Barking in July 1605, but it is believed he was bom in Decem-
ber 1602. He was educated at Jesus College, Cambridge, and was created
K.B. at the coronation of Charles I. in 1626. In 1636 he became steward
of Higham Ferrers and of several manors in the neighbourhood. He was
returned to Parliament for Higham Ferrers in 1640. In the civil war he
joined Eang Charles at Oxford, and was made keeper of Obey Park and
raised to the peerage, on July 29th, 1643, as Baron Hatton of Eirby. In
August 1648 he retired to France, and after the restoration he was
appointed Governor of Guernsey He afterwards forsook his family, says
Roger North, to live in Scotland Yard, London, and ** divert himself with
the company and discourse of players and such idle people." He married
Elizabeth, eldest daughter and coheiress of Sir Charles Montagu, of
Bonghton, Northamptonshire, and had two sons and three daughters. He
died at Kirby on July 4th, 1670, and was buried in Westminster Abbey.
He was a lover of antiquities, and published the '' Psalter of David " in
which he wrote a *' prayer suitable to each psalm." His wife who survived
him was killed in an explosion at Guernsey in 1672.

Christopher, the first Viscount Hatton, was the elder of the two sons
of the first Baron Hatton. He was bom in 1632. He was with his father
in Guernsey where he filled several appointments, was Governor of the
Island during his fathers absence, in 1665, and eventually (in 1670)
succeeded his father as Baron Hatton and Governor of Guernsey. On
the night of December 29th 1672 Hatton had a marvellous escape at
Guernsey. The powder magazine blew up. His mother and, his wife
(Cecilia daughter of John Tufton second earl of Thanet), and several
servants, were killed. He was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Northamp-
tonshire in 1670 and custos rotulorum in 1681. In 1683, he was advanced
to be Viscount Hatton of Gretton in Northamptonshire. In 1688 he became
ciiptain of Grenadiers in the Earl of Huntingdon's regiment of foot, and
was the only one of the officers who in November of that year refused to
join his commander in an attempt to secure Plymouth for James II. Hatton
was thrice married. Of the issue of his first marriage (with Cecilia Tufton)
only one daughter grew up. She married Daniel Finch, second Earl of
Nottingham. His second wife was Frances, daughter of Sir Henry
Yelvertoft of Easton Maudit, Northamptonshire. None of her children
survived him. In 1685 Hatton married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir William
Haslewood of Maidwell, Northamptonshire. By her he had a numerous
progeny. He died in September 1706, and was succeeded by his eldest son
and heir, William, who died unmarried in 1760. Henry Charles another
son succeeded him, died the same year without issue and the title became
extinct. To the first Viscount Hatton belonged the bulk of the Hatton
papers in the British Museum.

King Charles at Naseby ;

Rt^alty in Northamptonshire,

And what came of ii.

GHAPTEB I.

It nil tiie7ih«f June, 1646,-^that year «o M 6f
maaMH^bie BiMites, so potest in their infliieBce oa tl^
dher-linM. The day had been gloomy and overeast^ and
tin nm, tioAxng behind a heavy bank of eloiMk in the
HMt, tfam«r a hrid and fost-leesening light upon a smidl
bedy of maimted neii^ whoie slow pace and 4^eeted
Itfoks Were weH in keeping 'with the sombre aapeet of the
Ay 'and aD things roond. Yet one might easily perceive,
dulj^their saddened HQesMiy their long-cnrled locks
HSik w^-trimmed beards, and by their dainty jewelled
hJuids^^-tiMit these bdonged to the Soyal ranks : to thi^
narty whMe gaiety and careless bravery had won them the
ffii^noUve name of ''Cavaliers"; whUe the splendour of
thflhr dt*«S8es and aocontrements bespoke them o€ high vnsk.
attttdhgtfttbe IoUowmb of " his sacred Mcgesty."

Bnt How 110 soond of nirth or jesting broke theailenoe
of Ifae snmmer eve— -their wonted reekless mood was^stiUed
t^ some misfortune past or near at hand; and as the
oSmfng tempest casts o'er aH the land the shadow of its
gloom, so in their clondsd looks ttiight wdl be read, the
l^senee df iome overpowering ill.

Foremost rede one upon whose mdancholy dosage sata
avtdfen heavineBs, as of despair. -His leatnues were hand-
icime, thongh their expression was hang^y and <k»-
Hiinptnons, atid something of insincerity might be detected
lit 'the shifting glances of his eye. Ihis was the [first
Chtu^fes, King of England, whose fortunes at this momoA
seemed to point to a conclusion adverse to his ^poww.
Nett^ly'thilteyMrs had passed since the commencement of
theii^r between King and Parliament. The greaidelctft
at Marston Moor had left the Royal party almost without
hbpe in the North; while under Oliver Oxomwell the
army ef the Parliament had become equal in courage,
more than equal in discipline, and stronger in en^husi&iBm
ifiah that of the King, many of whose chief sopporters
#ere more than suspected -of 'lokewannness in the caaae^
i^d'Whoee^fidlowers were dlaheirtened by the recent sufr*
I of the Roundheads. True, a little li|;ht aeenad now

to reliere the ceneral gloom, for the garriaon at Oxford,
rendered desfwrate by long neg^, had sallied forth and
utterly destroyed the enemy's works ; so that Sir Thomas
Fsirfaz, the general of the Parliamentary forces, had
deemed it wise to raise the siege, and was marching
towards Northampton in the hope of intercepting Charles,
who, with some fire thousand horse and a like number of
foot, was on his way to Daventry, intending thence to
revictusl Oxford, and await the coming of the rebel host.

Besides the King, the party comprised some of the
chief officers of the Roval Army, with some of 'his
Majesty's private attendants. Amongst the former were
Prince Rupert, the nephew of the King, who had chars^e
of the Horse, and to whose reckless impetuosity defeat had
more than once been ascribed; IVince Maurice, his
brother, who held a cemmand under Rupert ; the Lord
Astley, commander of the Foot ; the Earl of Lindsay,
leader of the King's Life Onards ; Sir Marmaduke Lang-
dale; the Lord Bernard Stuart, newly made Earl of
Lichfield ; the Earl of Carnwartb, and many others whose
names are well known in connection with the Ciyil War.

And now, as the King, with his body-guard of tried and
tmstef) friends, drew near to the little Northamptonshire
town, a Btr^nge foreboding of evil seemed to have taken
hold on the hearts of all. and thongh they spoke not of it,
etivh one felt its chilling influence ; and nlence, strange
and mournful , fell upon the courtly train. Perhaps this
feeling of depression was in some measure occasioned by a
change of tactics on the part of Charles, who a few di^s
since had been busily planning an expedition designed to
rc9rne the North out of the hands of the Parliament, but
on leamiog the altered condition of affairs at Oxford had
abandoned this project, and ordered an immediate advance
to Daventry. Fair&x and his men, it was known, were
eager to encounter the Royalist forces, expecting an easy
victory over them ; fatigued as they were by the long-
continued sierre of Leicester, and by rapid marchings to
and fro. Nevertheless, Charles went on his way fully
determined to meet and to fight them.

The road they were now traversing was little more than
a mere horse-track, winding through open pastures dotted
here and there with clumps of ash or beech. As the
cavalcade passed through the outskirts of a group larger
than ordinary, and marked the increasing violence of the
wind and the ominous patter of raindropson theleaves above
them, they, with one consent, put spnrs to their horses and
incr^Mcd their pace to a rapid canter.

When they emerged into the open ground once more,
Charles, glancing hastily around, turned to his nephew
and abruptly asked :

" Know ye how many of these league-long miles yet lie
betwixt us and our resting place P "

Rnpert drew up alongside his leader, and replied :

" Scarce two, your Mtyesty ; were yonder clump of trees
removed we might even now behold the scattered habita-
tions of the town. A few yards fortber, and the church
leaps into view."

While he spoke, a lond laugh— -harth and diMonant
enoagh to startle the most self-possessed of men — rang out
from an old hawthorn bush beside the road, and as the
eyes of the king turned wonderingly in that direction, the
tall, lank figure of a man advanced a few paces from the
shelter of the foliage, and hslted before him.

Half expecting some message, though the dress and
manner of the man forbade the idea of its being a friendly
one, Charles drew rein, and the stranger, in a voice as
little musical as his laugh, exclaimed :
* ^'^ Church and State ! The unholy alliance of Super-
stition and Mammon against Truth t I say to thee, man,
beware! The Lord hath declared His judgment, and
delivered thee to the spoiler. Laud and Strafford are
fallen, and Finch hath fled, and now the day of thy doom
IS at hand. Repent, I say, and cleanse thy soul of its sin,
ere the time of probation be past. Hear the word"

'* Hold thy peace, knave, an' thou wouldst keep thine
ass's ears uncropp'd " ; antprily interrupted Rupert, to
whom the rampant spirit of Puritanism was as the javelin
of the Spanish bull-fighter — a goad thst lashed him into
tary,

" An ass's jawbone sordy smote the Philistines in days
of old," was the stolid answer, '* Instruments weaker and
more vile than I have served the Lord in time of need.
He respects not the great and mighty of the land, but
seeks His chosen among them that are humble and meek.
Again I say, repent, O king ; for surely as the rain now
^eth on thee sind on me, so surely the hand of the Lord
shall fell upon thee — yea, heavily ! "

" Peace, fool 1 " cried Rupert ; " my hand shall be heavy
on thee an' thou still not thine insolent tongue. I pray your
Majesty," he continued, turning to the King, ** heed not
this madman's vain discourse ; the rain now falleth fast,
and shelter were a welcome thing."

Charles, during this brief colloquy, had kept, his haughty
eyes fixed on the stranger's face, while a slight smile curled
his lips. Now, flinging a gold coin at Ins feet, he said :

" There's payment for thy counsel, friend ; now, wouldst
thou serve thy king, lead to the inn in yonder town as
speedily as in thee Ues."

'* I serve not the sous of Belial," was the uncourteous
reply, '* and for thy gold, keep it to win new minions for
thy Court — it buys them, soul and body too."

The choleric Bupert, impatient of this lon^ delay in the
fast-falling rain, now clapt spurs to his horse, and, drawing
his rapier, dashed forward with the warning word,
"Away!"

The sturdy Puritan, unprepared for this sudden move-
ment, stumbled in attempting to avoid the animal, and,
receiving a smart blow on the rear of his person with the
side of the rapier, disappeared headlong into the bushes
whence he had emerged ; while the Cavaliers, eager to
escape the drenchmg which threatened them, resumed their
journey at a smart trot, and in a few minutes were wel<
comed by the obsequious host of the Wheat Sheaf Inn at
Daventry.

CHAPTBB n.

Four d«yi have elapsed since Charles and his retinae
took ap their quarters at the Wheat Sheaf Inn. The Boyal
army is encamped npon the Borongh Hill, and the tilne
has heen folly occupied in re-vict^Iing Oxford and in
preparing for the coming of Fairfax and his troops. On
the last day, the lUh of Jnne, they hare marched from
Stony Stratford to Wootton ; their next day's march will
hring them to Kislingbory ; and country people, coming to
Daintry in the evening, tell of the grim joy there is amongst
the soldiers of the Parliament at the near prospect of an
eneonnter with the foe.

So night draws on, and Charles, taking counsel with
his chieftains, resolves to remain in his present position
and await the issue of the approaching conflict. The
announcement of this determination is hailed with satis-
faction in the Boyalist camp, where the prospect of a
battle is eagerly welcomed ; for the Cavaliers were ever
impatient to engage the enemy, when near enough to strike a
blow, and at this time they believed their numbers greatly to
exceed those of the Soundheads, and so counted victory
certain.

About ten o'clock the king retires to rest, several of
his attendants occupying an apartment adjoining his Ma-
jesty's chamber, while sentinels are posted around the
house, and at various points in and about the village.

Profound silence gradually settles over the place, broken
only by the tread of the sentinels, or by an occasional
challenge as they encounter each other in their vigils.

Midnight is iMist, when suddenly an unwonted disturb-
ance in the King's chamber arouses the attendants. Hur-
riedly they enter, and find his Majvsty sitting up in his
bed, exhibiting signs of great agitation and alarm. But
they see nothing which they can imagine to be the cause,
either of his disturbed condition or of the noises they have
heard.

''What calls ye hither?" questioned Charles. *' Why
are your faces painted pale with fear P"

" We heard, your Majesty," their chief replies, " strange
sounds within your chamber — a loud noise as of an angry
voice, and groans^ and gasping sighs. Sounds full of fear
and wondrous strange — we know not what they mean."

" O friends," the trembling monarch cries, ** ihe sounds
ye heard were wrung from me by deep distress. Sleeping
I lay, dreaming of happy days long passed, when suddenly,
athwart the pleasant scenes my fancy drew, there came a
shadow, and a sense of fear which I could not define ; and
then, dark as in life, and with an added terror in the chil}
and moveless lustre of his eye, I saw the awfnl form of
Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Strafford, long my friend, and
to whose arm and brain I trusted undeceived. But his
foes triumphed, and I, faithless, gave him to the block.
Thus when I saw his stern eyes fixed with steady ^aze on
mine, my heart stood still, and tremblingly I cried, * Art
thou not dead ? I thought thy blood was spilled for me I *
"Tis true, my liege,' he answered, 'I did die, as ip^n

who trust to wineei' i!i?onr do; Imt yet I came not to
npbnid thee, bnt once more, as in the days ere yet my spirit
fled its earthly tenement, to be thy friend and counsellor^
the vnardian of thy good. Take heed, take heed, I say,
tarry no longer here ; there is a foe at hand whom thoa
may'st never hope to quell by force of arms. Hie thee then
northward, shnn the coming fight, if thou would'st have
thy future fortunes £ur t ' So having said he vanisbed and
I woke, trembling and full of fear and wonder. What may
this ghostly shape portend? Methinks 'twere best to heed
its warning and avoid the rebel host."

" My liege, your thoughts are yet under the influence of
this sturtlin^ dream. But pray you, sire, consider ; what
yon have seen is but an insubstantial vision of the night, a
phantom shape your troubled fancy wrought ; perchance
the product of your evening meal — the fruit of a disordered
system. That it hath in it much of mystery is but to say
it is a dream ; but I beseech your Grace, let it not weigh
against the many reasons why we should not fail to meet
the loud-voiced vaunting rebels. A few miles only divide
us from their camp.aud to move northward now would look
li|e flight — m)re than all else disastrous to thy cause. Let
men not say that Engkud's monarch feared to meet a
hireling rabble of lewd serving men."

" Thou'rt insolent, sirrah 1 " the monarch fretfully rejoins*
" Not even thy thoughts should dare impute dishonour to
thy King."

" Pardon, my licRC. T sought only to win thy thoughts
from an unwelcome theme. Dismiss this vision from thy
mind, and seek forgetfnlness in sleep. To-morrow thou
wilt look with other eyes on this imagined warning. . I
pray thee let it trouble thee no more."

'* Fain would I sleep, but this fell shape hath banished,
slumber from mine eyes. But go ye to your couches ; it
may be that in the silence sleep shall visit me ajcain. Be
near me lest I need ye."

The attendants thereupon withdrew, and the King sleeps
fitfully until the morning, rising fully determined to obey
the injunction of his shadowy visitant, nor tempt the issue
of the forbidden fight.

CHAPTER m.

. On the stloceeding mom much wonderment was excited
by the account of the King's visionary warning, and the
probability of his being influenced by it was discussed with
considerable animation. ' It was late in the day ere his
council were summoned to attend his Majesty, and they
found him pale, preoccupied, and irritable. He received
the news cf the reported advance of the Parliamentary
army from Stony Stratford to Wootton with marked agita-
tion, and bmrriedly announced his determinatioa to proceed
northward without delay. This avowal drew frooi the
fiery Rupert an indignant protest.

" What, sire 1" be cried. " Shall English gentlemen fly
at the coming of a mob of tapsters P God forbid I Foul
ibame it were upon the Stnart name that men should sa^r

we feared to meet these htreliogs of tbe re!iel Parliament
Bat yesterday your Majesty approved onr wish to fi^^t ;
wheoce comes this altered mood?"

" ThoQ hast ever too much appetite for fightinR," an-
swered Charles. " We deem it not expedient to give hattle
here, bnt to march Airther north, where we may place
ourselves to better vantage to engage onr foes. Moreover,
I have had this night a warning which 1 dare not disregard ;
one who hath passed the portal of the grave stood by my
bed, and nrged me, in most solemn sort, to shnn a conflict
here, for that amidst the foe wak one no force of arms
might overcome."

" And shall a dream confbnnd the canse of England's
King?" Rupert exclaimed, "Hath your Majesty consi-
dered how dearly a retreat might cost as now? "

"We are well persuaded of the wisdom of our choice,"
•aid Charles, *' If we move on to Leicester we may draw
more Foot from Newark, and await the coming of the
reinforcements we expect ; so strengthened, we shall meet
the foe with steady confidence, and haply win some
victory worthy of our canse."

"Danjrer lurks even in delay," the Prince rg'ointd,
"Here we are posted well to meet a foe of greater strength
than Fairfax' present force ; both horse and foot are f^sh,
and eager for the fray. What arguments more strong than
these?"

Charles, with a gesture of impatience, rose and hnrriedly
qacnlated :

" Why seek to drag me to my fall P So surely tis I
linger here I lose what little yet remains of my once kingly
state. I pray yon let me hold the semblance while I may."

" Yonr Majesty is too much moved by the remembraneo
of a dream/' said the Lord Astley, " take comfort in the
thought that maoy loyal hearts are with you here, ready
to dare all and endure all for your sake."

" I know it well," cried Charles, walking with hasty
footsteps to and fro ; " 't's for those loyal hearts I pieje,
for well I know they give their friendship and devotion to
a falling canse, and where they merit much they strall win
but disaster and a name unjustly tarnished. Woe is me."

After a whispered consultation with the others, Rupert
laughingly addressed the king :

"Methinks the eyil spirit of your nightmare lingers
yet with yonr Majesty, let us therefore quit this question
for the nonce, and give the morn to some more U^tsome
task. What think yon, sire, of a merry hour with hawk or
hound?"

The king paused !n his wdk with clouded hrow, eonseions
that if h9 accepted this proposal he virtually gaVe up his
determination to go northward, he yet lacked tbs strength
of will to persevere in his opposition to Rupert. Turning
to tVe Lord Astley, he inquired t

" Wh&t think you ; may we giVe an hour to j^teasureP "

" Surely, yoar Majesty."

" So be it then; let us despatch all needful business and
depart."

And ere an hour had pnsscd the king went forth
Sfthunting with bis gaily^apparelied court.

CHAPTEH IV.

When the Royal prrty retarned late in the eveoing of
that day it was evident the pleasurable excitement of the
chase had failed to clear from the king's brow the gloomy
ahadowa which had rested there in the early morning-time.
>ior did the intelligence chat greeted his coming tend to
brighten his clouded aspect. For during the afternoon a
party of horse belonging to the army of the Parliament
had ?entnred within a i&ort distance of the Royal camp,
creating no little alarm in the ranks of the leaderle.ss
Cavaliers. After observing the strength and position of the
king's forces, and making prisoners of certain stragglers
who fell }sx their way, they returned to Kislingbury, where
it was ascertained Fairfax and his army were now
encamped.

Little comfort, it may be goessed, had Charles in this
near neighbourhood of that foe against whom, if he gave
credence to the warning of his dream, his arms mi^ht sot
prevail.

And now the deep impression of that disregarded warning
was renewed with added force, so that his thoughts, already
tinged with dark forebodings of his falling fortunes, took a
still more sombre tone as he dwelt upon the chances of the
coming stms^le — for he saw that it was now too late to
avoid a meeting, even if he were prepared to yield to the
promptings of an undefined and perhaps causeless dread.

At length, recognising the necessity for prompt and
decisive action, he called bis officers around him and dis-
cussed with them the wisest course to follow. As it
appeared likely, from the unexpected boldness of the enemy
(for hitherto the Cavaliers had accustomed themselves to look
somewhat contemptuously on their opponeots — ^too lightly
estinmting their prowess — mistaking, indeed, the absence of
those showy qualities which distinguished themselves for
lack of courage), that little time would be allowed to elapse
before they advanced to attack the Boyal camp, it was
resolved to hold their present strong position, making every
preparation to render their defence as perfect as the scant
time woukl allow.

Thnse matters kept the king busily engaged throughout
the evening, and about an hour before midnight he retired,
wearied with the excitement of the day, and soon waa
sleeping heavily.

But not for long this tranquil rest continued. The hour
of twelve had scarcely passed ere the attendants were hastily
sa'knmoned by a call from his Mfgesty, and upon entering
his chamber they found him bathed in perspiration, and in
a state of extreme agitation.

In answer to their inquiries, he told them that the
apparition of the previous night had again appeared to
nim } but changed in that his aspect now was angry and
menacing.

"Scarce were mine eyelids closed," he said, " when once
again the ghostly form of yesternight appeared, but full of
wifath and migesty - terrible in the condemnation of his eye
M in hit stern reproachfol words. ' Why hast thou dis-

/ /

regarded me P ' ho cried, ' Ungrattful and penrene, I
four thy foUy yet will cost thee dear ; heed now the words
I speak — ^for I may yisit thee no more— if bat another day
thon liBgerest here thy cause is lost beyond repair. tJp
and sway I Let nothini? tempt thee to remain, or thott
shalt roe it evermore. Bemember and obey t ' And with
a gesture of command he slowly faded from my view."

After a moment's pause, during which the attendants
eonfnsedly endeavoured to re-assure him, Charles re-
sumed ;

" Call up mine officers. Bid them make instant
preparations to depsrt. No force on earth shall win me
from this fixed resolve. Hasten! I say; the dawn shaJl
fee ns on our way."

And despite the fierce opposition and mocking jibes of
Rnpert, or ths more respectful persuasion of others, to
this determination he adhered ; so that by three in the
morning of the 18th June the Boysl army was in motion ;
and General Fairfax, riding near to Floore about that
time, saw numbers of the Boyalists riding fast over
Borough Hill, which at first inclined him to believe they
were preparing to advance against him. But returning to
his headqusrters about five o'clock he learned from his
Scout-master, General Watson, that the Cavaliers were
drawing off from Borough Hill in the direction of Har-
borough, and this intelligence was confirmed by other
scouts who came into camp later.

Fairfax therefore called a council of war, to determine
what conrse to pursue, and while they were yet debating
there arrived Lient.-General Cromwell with some 600
horse, who were welcomed with shouts of joy by the whole
army. Immediately drums beat, trunpets sonnded to
horse, and the entire host was drawn up ready to march ;
while a party of horse, under Migor Harrison, was
despatched to Daventry to bring further tidings of the
enemy's movements. On their return, confirming the
direction the Boyalists had taken, a strong body of horse;
under conmiand of Colonel Ireton, was told off to follow
and fall on their rear if he saw fit ; while the main army
set off towards Harborongh, halting that night at Gnils-
borough, at which place news was brought the General of .
good service done by Ireton in falling on the rear of the
Boval army at Naseby, where he took many prisoners'
and spread great consternation throughout their ranks.

CHAPTER V.

To return to the King and the progress of events in
the Boyal camp.

After the hurried march of the day the main portion of
the army took up their quarters in Market Harborough,
where Prince Bupert and other principal officers also re-
mained ; Charles and his personal attendants going on to
Lubbenham Hall, the residence of Major Hawksworth ;
while the rear of the army, as already mentioned, stopped
short at Naseby, until, scared by the incursion of Iraton
and his troops, they beat a hasty retreat to Harborongh.
and startled their comrades with the news of ^he unexpected
nearness of the Soundheads,

It was eleven at nigkt before inteUigence of this attack
was conveyed to Obarles, by whom it was received with an
unreasonable amount of alarm. In truth, it suited too well
the tenonr of his thoughts — ^the repeated warning of hit
dreams, and the fears engendered by his superstitions
regard of such omens, induced a state of mind which
rendered calm reflection an impossibility.

Acting under the influence of the terror occasioned by
this apparent confirmation of his fears^ he insisted on
quitting, at that late hour, the lonely house which gave
him shelter in order to join Rupert at Harborough, where
the presence of the army would at least ensure him against
absolute danger.

Arriving at the hostelry ^here Supert had fixed his
quarters, Charles sent to request the attendance of the
l^rince and other chief officers. On their nrnval a council
of war was held, and the question of their future action
discussed. Supert, as usual, pressed eagerly for an
engagement, declaring that the Parliamentary force was
unequal to cope with that of the Ejug, being inferior iu
number both of Horse and Infantry. Many uf the older
soldiers, with whom the King sided, urged that it was be»t
to avoid fighting ; but after a somewhat heated debate it
was agreed to give battle, inasmuch as the enemy was too
close at hand to make it probable a collision could be long
delayed, if, indeed, it were possible even now to withdraw
before Fairfax was upon them. This point being settled,
it was further determined not to wait an attack where they
now ky, but early in the morning to go out and seek the
enemy.

So passed the night, and the sun rose upon that memor-
able day — Saturday, the 14th of June, 1645. At an early
hour the army of the King was set in order, upon a rising
ground about a mile on the southern side of Har borough.
The main body of the Foot, about 2,500 men, was under
the command of Lord Astley ; Prince Rupert led the right
wing of Horse, numberiug about 2,000; the lefc wing,
consisting of some 1,600, being under Sir Marmadnke
Langdale. The reserve comprised the King's Life
Guards, led by the Earl of Lindsey, with Prince Rupert's
Regiment of Foot and the King's Horse Guards,
both under the Earl of Lichfield, numbering in all some
1,300 men.

As the ground occupied by the army presented many
advantages for receiving or making a charge, it was
deemed advisable to stay there and wait the coming of the
enemy.

So they remained in position, patiently expectant, until
eight o'clock, when they began to wax incredulous of the
intention of Fairfax to engage them. A scout was there-
upon sent out to gbin information as to the RounUhiads,
but he, not going far enough afield, neither saw nor heard
anything of them, and returned without news. Im-
mediately after his return a rumour spread amongst the
soldiers th<it Fairfax was retiring, and Prince Rupert
presently moved forward with a body of horse and mus-
l^eteers to test the truth of this report.

He hid barely proceeded a mile, hQweWj w^ he
learned that Fairfax was rapidiy advancing, and ere lip/if^
beheld the van of his army in fall march. Bash and un:
petuons as ever, Bapert sent back a messenger to request
that the army should move forward, and pnssed on witii
his horse. The messenger, probably not remembering the
exact words he had to deliver, said " that the Prince
desized thuy shoold make haste." In obedience to ^is
order, thcj quitted the advantageous position they M
oeenpied, and in some hurry and disorder advanced in wt
direction of Naseby. About ten o'clock they came in
eight of the enemy, whom they found posted on a rising
ground of considerable ascent, their elevated position
enabling them to. ascertain the strength of their opponents
and to place their forces to advantage.

Prince Bapert stayed not until a proper disposition of
the B«>ysl ranks had been made, bat led liis horse to the
charge almost before the larger portiou of the army had
reached the foot of the hill ; and so commenced the great
battle of Naseby, which it is needless here to describe, the
result of which proved so disastrous to the fortunes o|
King Charles.

CHAPTBB VI.

The fight at Naseby is ended, having lasted nearly
three hoars, leaving Fairfax and Cromwell nndispnted
matters of the field.

There have perished on the King's side more than 600
men, including 150 officers 'and gentlemen of quality.
The broken ranks of the Boyalists weie pnrsaed by the
enemy's horse for a great way — some, it is said, within two
miles of Leicester, a distance of eighteen miles ; numbers
being slain or made prisoners all alone the route.

The total number taken in the field has been variously
estimated at from 4,000 to 5,000, including nearly 600
officers, besides the King's footmen and household ser-
vants; the rest common soldiers.

In addition to this large number of prisoners, there fell
into the hands of the Parliamentary soldiers a consider-
able amount of booty, incladinK the riches of the Court
and the King's officers, and a vast quantity of plunder
brought from Leicester ; while the whole of the Boyalist
artillery was left on the field, with 8,000 other arms, the
Duke of York's standard, and more than one hundred
other colours. The loss of the King's cabinet, with
many private letters of the greatest consequence, was not
the least misfortune that befel the Boyal cause on this un-
lucky day.

At night, Charles arrived, by way of Leicester,, at
Ashby de la Zouch, and shortly afterwards, with about
2,500 hor«e, passed through Clieshire into Wales. Sir
Marmaduke Langdale, with about au equal force, repaired
to Newark ; these being all that could be got together at
that time.

In September following, Bristol surrendered to the
Parliament ; and but a short time afterwards the Earl of
Lichfield suffered sore defeat under the walls of Chester.

More grievons still, tbe total roat of the large force
raised by the Marqais of Montrose in Scotland — the last
army of any importance that took the field for the Koyal
caase — followed immediately. Berkeley Castle and
Devizes next f^ave up the straggle, and Newark remained
almost the only place of strength that held out for the
King.

In October, Charles, with the small remnant of his
army, made his way to Newark, thinking to remain
there until able to make terms with the Parliament. Bat
again was he doomed to disappointment ; he had qoar-
rdled with Prince Rupert, believing him to have betrayed
Bristol into the hands of the Parliament, and now Sir
Eichard Willis, the governor of Newark Castle, warmly
taking che part of the Prince, was dismissed by the angry
monarch, and, with other disappointed leaden of the
Boyal cause repaired to Belvoir, taking with them large
numbers of the King's supporters.

And now it seemed as if the fortunes of the King had
fallen to their lowest ebb. Almost forsaken of those who
had been his friends, knowing not whom to trust, without
an army, and relentlessly pursued by the Parliament, he
knew not where to turn for help or comfort.

Fain would we trace the varied progress of the throne-
less monarch through the years that follow, down to that
last unhappy scene of aU, when the fallen Stuart, pre-
maturely grey, bent bis submissive but still stately head
to the block, and passed for ever from the troubles of this
earthly life.

But for the time our task is done ; let the poet end our
story with his warning words ; —

" Let these sad scenes an useful lesson yield,
Lest future Naseby's rise in every field."

■'^ 0' iifii,

-r^

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